185 research outputs found
Analysis and Mitigation of Soft-Errors on High Performance Embedded GPUs
Multiprocessor system-on-chip such as embedded
GPUs are becoming very popular in safety-critical applications,
such as autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles. However,
these devices can suffer from the effects of soft-errors, such as
those produced by radiation effects. These effects are able to
generate unpredictable misbehaviors. Fault tolerance oriented to
multi-threaded software introduces severe performance
degradations due to the redundancy, voting and correction
threads operations. In this paper, we propose a new fault injection
environment for NVIDIA GPGPU devices and a fault tolerance
approach based on error detection and correction threads
executed during data transfer operations on embedded GPUs. The
fault injection environment is capable of automatically injecting
faults into the instructions at SASS level by instrumenting the
CUDA binary executable file. The mitigation approach is based on
concurrent error detection threads running simultaneously with
the memory stream device to host data transfer operations. With
several benchmark applications, we evaluate the impact of softerrors classifying Silent Data Corruption, Detection,
Unrecoverable Error and Hang. Finally, the proposed mitigation
approach has been validated by soft-error fault injection
campaigns on an NVIDIA Pascal Architecture GPU controlled by
Quad-Core A57 ARM processor (JETSON TX2) demonstrating
an advantage of more than 37% with respect to state of the art
solution
Computer Simulations Provide Guidance for Molecular Medicine through Insights on Dynamics and Mechanisms at the Atomic Scale
International audienceComputer simulations provide crucial insights and rationales for the design of molecular approaches in medicine. Several case studies illustrate how molecular model building and molecular dynamics simulations of complex molecular assemblies such as membrane proteins help in that process. Important aspects relate to build relevant molecular models with and without a crystal structure, to model membrane aggregates, then to link (dynamic) models to function, and finally to understand key disease-triggering phenomena such as aggregation. Through selected examples-including key signaling pathways in neurotransmission-the links between a molecular-level understanding of biological mechanisms and original approaches to treat disease conditions will be illuminated. Such treatments may be symptomatic, e.g. by better understanding the function and pharmacology of macromolecular key players, or curative, e.g. through molecular inhibition of disease-inducing molecular processes
Yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) inclusion in diets for male broiler chickens: effects on growth performance, gut morphology, and histological findings
Test, Reliability and Functional Safety Trends for Automotive System-on-Chip
This paper encompasses three contributions by industry professionals and university researchers. The contributions describe different trends in automotive products, including both manufacturing test and run-time reliability strategies. The subjects considered in this session deal with critical factors, from optimizing the final test before shipment to market to in-field reliability during operative life
High sensitivity (1)H-NMR spectroscopy of homeopathic remedies made in water
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of homeopathy is controversial. Homeopathic remedies are made via iterated shaking and dilution, in ethanol or in water, from a starting substance. Remedies of potency 12 C or higher are ultra-dilute (UD), i.e. contain zero molecules of the starting material. Various hypotheses have been advanced to explain how a UD remedy might be different from unprepared solvent. One such hypothesis posits that a remedy contains stable clusters, i.e. localized regions where one or more hydrogen bonds remain fixed on a long time scale. High sensitivity proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has not previously been used to look for evidence of differences between UD remedies and controls. METHODS: Homeopathic remedies made in water were studied via high sensitivity proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A total of 57 remedy samples representing six starting materials and spanning a variety of potencies from 6 C to 10 M were tested along with 46 controls. RESULTS: By presaturating on the water peak, signals could be reliably detected that represented H-containing species at concentrations as low as 5 ÎĽM. There were 35 positions where a discrete signal was seen in one or more of the 103 spectra, which should theoretically have been absent from the spectrum of pure water. Of these 35, fifteen were identified as machine-generated artifacts, eight were identified as trace levels of organic contaminants, and twelve were unexplained. Of the unexplained signals, six were seen in just one spectrum each. None of the artifacts or unexplained signals occurred more frequently in remedies than in controls, using a p < .05 cutoff. Some commercially prepared samples were found to contain traces of one or more of these small organic molecules: ethanol, acetate, formate, methanol, and acetone. CONCLUSION: No discrete signals suggesting a difference between remedies and controls were seen, via high sensitivity (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The results failed to support a hypothesis that remedies made in water contain long-lived non-dynamic alterations of the H-bonding pattern of the solvent
Effect of Nanoparticle Size on the Morphology of Adsorbed Surfactant Layers
The surface aggregates structure of dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide (C12DAO) in
three silica dispersions of different particle sizes (16 - 42 nm) was studied
by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in a H2O/D2O solvent mixture matching
the silica. At the experimental conditions (pH 9) the surfactant exists in its
nonionic form and the structure of the adsorbed layer is not affected by added
electrolyte. It is found that C12DAO forms spherical surface micelles of 2 nm
diameter on the 16 nm silica particles, but oblate ellipsoidal surface micelles
are formed on the 27 and 42 nm particles. The dimensions of these oblate
surface aggregates (minor and major semi-axes Rn and Rlat) are similar to those
of C12DAO micelles in the aqueous solutions. It is concluded that the
morphological transition from spherical to ellipsoidal surface aggregates is
induced by the surface curvature of the silica particles. A comparison of the
shape and dimensions of the surface aggregates formed by C12DAO and C12E5 on
the 16 nm silica particles demonstrates that the nature of the surfactant head
group does not determine the morphology of the surface aggregates, but has a
strong influence on the number of surface aggregates per particle, due to the
different interactions of the head groups with the silica surface
Evaluation of the XRCC1 gene as a phenotypic modifier in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2
Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in DNA repair are good candidates to be tested as phenotypic modifiers for carriers of mutations in the high-risk susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. The base excision repair (BER) pathway could be particularly interesting given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the pathway, PARP1, and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this study, we have evaluated the XRCC1 gene that participates in the BER pathway, as phenotypic modifier of BRCA1 and BRCA2. METHODS: Three common SNPs in the gene, c.-77C>T (rs3213245) p.Arg280His (rs25489) and p.Gln399Arg (rs25487) were analysed in a series of 701 BRCA1 and 576 BRCA2 mutation carriers. RESULTS: An association was observed between p.Arg280His-rs25489 and breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers, with rare homozygotes at increased risk relative to common homozygotes (hazard ratio: 22.3, 95% confidence interval: 14.3-34, P<0.001). This association was further tested in a second series of 4480 BRCA1 and 3016 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATION: No evidence of association was found when the larger series was analysed which lead us to conclude that none of the three SNPs are significant modifiers of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers
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