A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21

A detailed and comprehensive understanding of seed reserve accumulation is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. This work is part of a research programme aimed at using Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant for cereal grain development and filling. The focus was on the Bd21-3 accession, gathering morphological, cytological, and biochemical data, including protein, lipid, sugars, starch, and cell-wall analyses during grain development. This study highlighted the existence of three main developmental phases in Brachypodium caryopsis and provided an extensive description of Brachypodium grain development. In the first phase, namely morphogenesis, the embryo developed rapidly reaching its final morphology about 18 d after fertilization (DAF). Over the same period the endosperm enlarged, finally to occupy 80% of the grain volume. During the maturation phase, carbohydrates were continuously stored, mainly in the endosperm, switching from sucrose to starch accumulation. Large quantities of β-glucans accumulated in the endosperm with local variations in the deposition pattern. Interestingly, new β-glucans were found in Brachypodium compared with other cereals. Proteins (i.e. globulins and prolamins) were found in large quantities from 15 DAF onwards. These proteins were stored in two different sub-cellular structures which are also found in rice, but are unusual for the Pooideae. During the late stage of development, the grain desiccated while the dry matter remained fairly constant. Brachypodium exhibits some significant differences with domesticated cereals. Beta-glucan accumulates during grain development and this cell wall polysaccharide is the main storage carbohydrate at the expense of starch

Method for controlling high-temperature electrolyzer in hydrogen or syngas producing system, involves deviating portion of power upstream of electrolyzer for heating stack of cells when value of power is less predetermined limit value

WO2015059404 A1Derwent Primary Accession Number: 2015-27145H [45]L'invention concerne un procédé de pilotage d'un électrolyseur à haute température dont le ou les empilements de cellules sont disposés dans une enceinte préalablement chauffée à une haute température et isolée thermiquement, l'électrolyseur étant relié à une source d'énergie électrique pour son alimentation en puissance afin de réaliser une réaction d'électrolyse, le procédé comprenant : - la surveillance (E41) de la puissance fournie par la source d'énergie ; - la déviation (E42) en amont de l'électrolyseur d'une partie de la puissance fournie par la source d'énergie pour le chauffage du ou des empilements de cellules, lorsque la valeur de la puissance fournie devient inférieure à une valeur limite préalablement déterminée ; - pas de déviation sinon. L'invention concerne également un procédé de production d'hydrogène ou de syngas intégrant le procédé de pilotage ci-dessus, un système de pilotage mettant en œuvre le procédé de pilotage ci-dessus et un système de production d'hydrogène mettant en œuvre le procédé de production d'hydrogène correspondant

Experimental Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Interactions between a Sphere and a Large Spherical Obstacle

The hydrodynamic interactions between a spherical particle embedded in a very viscous fluid and a large close spherical obstacle are investigated experimentally. The displacement of the particle is followed by laser interferometry with a 100 nm resolution. The large obstacle is either convex, plane or concave. The experimental results for the drag coefficient on the particle are compared to the theoretical results written as three terms expansions for small gaps, viz. the result of Cox and Brenner (1967) for a plane obstacle, the result of Jeffrey (1982) and Jeffrey and Onishi (1984) for a convex obstacle and an extension of Cooley and O'Neill (1969) for a concave obstacle. Excellent agreement is found between the experimental and the theoretical results for all cases

Precise measurement of particle-wall hydrodynamic interactions at low Reynolds number using laser interferometry

International audienceThe motion of a spherical particle (with radius 1 to 6 mm) in a viscous fluid is measured using laser interferometry. The typical sensitivity on the measured displacement of the sphere is of the order of 50 nm. The particle is moving on the axis of a closed cylinder. The hydrodynamic interactions between the particle and the walls of the cylinder are compared with the theoretical result of Sano [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 56, 2713 (1987)] valid for a very small sphere. The agreement is excellent for the smallest sphere used in the experiment. The experiment also agrees with the result from the theory of lubrication when the sphere is close to a plane end wall. The effect of the particle roughness appears at small distances. Laser interferometry appears as a useful tool to study particle–wall hydrodynamic interactions when the geometry is cumbersome

ETUDE DES CORRELATIONS DANS LES FERROFLUIDES PAR DIFFUSION CENTRALE ALTERNEE DES RAYONS X SUR LE FAISCEAU SYNCHROTRON

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Before remodel-04

Main floor and second floor before the remodel.https://scholar.csl.edu/libraryreno/1033/thumbnail.jp

Modelisation viscoelastique du comportement en fluage d'un composite a fibres de carbone et matrice bismaleimide

Communication to : Journee nationale sur les composites, Arcachon (France), 18-20 novembre 1998SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1999 n.29 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc