Caracterización de la variabilidad intra-racial en los parámetros productivos de añojos cebados en el sur de España

publishedTomo I . Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos-Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Vacuno carne II. Ponencia nº

Long-range ferromagnetism of Mn12 acetate single-molecule magnets under a transverse magnetic field

We use neutron diffraction to probe the magnetization components of a crystal of Mn12 single-molecule magnets. Each of these molecules behaves, at low temperatures, as a nanomagnet with spin S = 10 and strong anisotropy along the crystallographic c axis. Application of a magnetic field perpendicular to c induces quantum tunneling between opposite spin orientations, enabling the spins to attain thermal equilibrium. Below approximately 0.9 K, intermolecular interactions turn this equilibrium state into a ferromagnetically ordered phase. However, long range ferromagnetic correlations nearly disappear for fields larger 5.5 T, possibly suggesting the existence of a quantum critical point.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Sire x stud effect on estimation of genetic parameters for body traits in Spanish Purebred horse: Preliminary results

Ponencia publicada en ITEA, vol.104Los mismos sementales o algunos muy emparentados se utilizan en diferentes ganaderías. El rendimiento del semental puede variar según la ganadería por lo que puede ser recomendable incluir en los modelos de estimación el efecto ambiental macho x ganadería (s). Sin embargo, no existen estudios que analicen la influencia de este efecto sobre parámetros genéticos de caracteres de interés en el caballo. En este estudio se pretende evaluar el efecto de la inclusión del efecto s en los modelos de estimación de parámetros genéticos de 8 medidas zoométricas: alzada a la cruz (HW), altura de pecho (HC), longitud de extremidades (LL), longitud corporal (BL), anchura de pecho (WC), perímetro torácico (HGC), perímetro de rodilla (KP) y perímetro de caña (CBC). Se estimaron los componentes de la varianza a partir de los datos obtenidos en 16.472 animales utilizando un modelo animal multivariado con una metodología REML. Las heredabilidades oscilaron entre 0,26 (HC y WC) y 0,57 (HW) y las estimas del efecto s entre 0,02 (HW) y 0,09 (WC y HGC). Las correlaciones entre efectos s fueron positivas, significativas y, en general, entre moderadas y bajas, variando entre 0,09 (HW-BC) y 0,62 (HW-BL); excepto para LL, que fueron negativas y bajas (-0,20 - -0,68). Se considera recomendable incluir este efecto en los modelos de valoración genética en razas equinas.The same or closely related stallions are used for reproduction across studs differing in environments. Stallions may perform differently across studs, and adjustment for the environmental sire x stud effect (s) may be recommended. However, there are no available studies analysing the influence of such effect on estimation of genetic parameters in horses. This research aimed at assessing the effect of including s effects in the models for eight body measurements: height at withers (HW), height at chest (HC), leg length (LL), body length (BL), width of chest (WC), heart girth circumference (HGC), knee perimeter (KP) and cannon bone circumference (CBC). Using data from 16,472 individuals, genetic parameters were estimated using a multivariate animal model by REML. The estimated heritabilities ranged between 0.26 (HC and WC) and 0.57 (HW) and estimates for the s effect from 0.02 (HW) to 0.09 (WC and HGC). Correlations between s effects were positive, significant and from moderate to low, varying between 0.09 (HW-BC) and 0.62 (HW-BL); except for LL, which were negative and low (-0.20 - -0.68). Selective decisions or preferential management practices can cause this environmental effect. The inclusion of an s effect in models fitted for genetic evaluation in horse breeding schemes can be advisable

Genetic characterization of the Spanish Trotter horse breed using microsatellite markers

To assist in selection schemes we carried out the first genetic characterization of the Spanish Trotter horse (Trotador Español). We used 16 microsatellite markers to genotype 40 unrelated Spanish trotters, 25 native Balearic horses (11 Menorquina and 14 Mallorquina horses) and 32 Andalusian horses. The observed heterozygosity for the Spanish Trotters was 0.647 ± 0.037 and the expected heterozygosity was 0.696 ± 0.026 while the average number of alleles per locus was 6.0 ± 0.341, these values being similar to the data published for other horse breeds. We also tried to establish the importance of the Mallorquina and Menorquina breeds in the present Spanish Trotter population. Only 9% of the total genetic variability could be attributed to differences between breeds (mean FST = 0.09 ± 0.010). Recent migration rates were confirmed the low recent genetic relationship between the Balearic breeds and Spanish Trotters, indicating that the genetic background of the present Spanish Trotter population is not based on the native Balearic horse populatio

Ac magnetic susceptibility of a molecular magnet submonolayer directly patterned onto a microSQUID sensor

We report the controlled integration, via Dip Pen Nanolithography, of monolayer dots of ferritin-based CoO nanoparticles (12 Bohr magnetons) into the most sensitive areas of a microSQUID sensor. The nearly optimum flux coupling between these nanomagnets and the microSQUID improves the achievable sensitivity by a factor 100, enabling us to measure the linear susceptibility of the molecular array down to very low temperatures (13 mK). This method opens the possibility of applying ac susceptibility experiments to characterize two-dimensional arrays of single molecule magnets within a wide range of temperatures and frequencies.Comment: 4 pages 3 figure

Microencapsulation of cerium and its application in sol-gel coatings for the corrosion protection of aluminum alloy AA2024

[EN] Cerium-containing microcapsules were obtained by means of water/oil (W/O) emulsion technology using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor. Synthesis parameters as water/ethanol molar ratio, surfactant concentration, temperature, synthesis time, were optimized to obtain microcapsules with adequate form and size. Cerium salt is a corrosion inhibitor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the microcapsules and EDS and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis to assess encapsulation of cerium. The synthesized microcapsules were incorporated in the sol-gel coating that was sprayed on AA2024 aluminum alloy. The morphology of the sol-gel coating and the distribution of the microcapsules were investigated by SEM and EDX and the corrosion resistance of the coated samples was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential measurements. Cerium microcapsules can act as Ce nanoreservoirs blocking defects produced in the organic-inorganic hybrid coating by precipitating Ce oxide/ hydroxide and nanoloads slowing the diffusion of redox species to the aluminum surface. Higher corrosion resistance was obtained with microencapsulation of cerium than with nonencapsulated cerium.Authors wish to thank to the Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial (IVACE) (project reference IMAMCC/2016/1) for the financial support. Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) is gratefully acknowledged for help with FESEM and EDX characterization.Valero-Gómez, A.; Molina Puerto, J.; Pradas, S.; López-Tendero, MJ.; Bosch, F. (2020). Microencapsulation of cerium and its application in sol-gel coatings for the corrosion protection of aluminum alloy AA2024. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 93(1):36-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-05151-8S3651931Nace International, International measures of prevention, application, and economics of corrosion technology study (2016). http://impact.nace.org/documents/Nace-International-Report.pdf . Accessed 12 Apr 2019.Yadla SV, Sridevi V, Lakshmi MVVC, Kumari SPK (2012) A review on corrosion of metals and protection. Int J Eng Sci Adv Technol 2:637–644Dariva CG, Galio AF (2014) Corrosion inhibitors – principles, mechanisms and applications. In: Aliofkhazraei M (ed), Developments in Corrosion Protection. InTech, London. https://www.intechopen.com/books/developments-in-corrosion-protection/corrosion-inhibitors-principles-mechanisms-and-applicationsRani BEA, Basu BBJ (2012) Green inhibitors for corrosion protection of metals and alloys: an overview. Int J Corros 2012:380217. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijc/2012/380217/Gece G (2012) Drugs: a review of promising novel corrosion inhibitors. Corros Sci 53:3873–3898Raja PB, Sethuraman MG (2008) Natural products as corrosion inhibitor for metals in corrosive media—a review. Mater Lett 62:113–116Umoren SA, Solomon MM (2017) Synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of metal cations and mixtures of organic compounds: a review. J. Environ Chem Eng 5:246–273Ivušić F, Lahodny-Šarc O, Curković HO, Alar V (2015) The synergistic inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in seawater by cerium chloride and sodium gluconate. Corros Sci 98:88–97Yasakau KA, Zheludkevich ML, Lamaka SV, Ferreira MGS (2006) Mechanism of corrosion inhibition of AA2024 by rare-earth compounds. J Phys Chem B 110:5515–5528Hughes AE, Mol JMC, Cole IS (2015) Coatings for corrosion prevention based on rare earths. In: M Forsyth, B Hinton (ed), Rare earth-based corrosion inhibitors. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, Cambridge. https://www.elsevier.com/books/rare-earth-based-corrosion-inhibitors/forsyth/978-0-85709-347-9Figueira RB, Silva CJR, Pereira EV (2015) Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings for metal corrosion protection: a review of recent progress. J Coat Technol Res 12:1–35Danks AE, Hall SR, Schnepp Z (2016) The evolution of ‘sol–gel’ chemistry as a technique for materials synthesis. Mater Horiz 3:91–112Kumar N, Subasri R (2012) Corrosion protection and self-healing by sol-gel process: a review of recent patent literature. Recent Pat Corros Sci 2:148–163Montemor MF (2014) Functional and smart coatings for corrosion protection: a review of recent advances. Surf Coat Technol 258:17–37Palomino LM, Suegama PH, Aoki IV, Montemor MF, De Melo HG (2009) Electrochemical study of modified cerium–silane bi-layer on Al alloy 2024-T3. Corros Sci 51:1238–1250Hammer P, Schiavetto MG, dos Santos FC, Benedetti AV, Pulcinelli SH, Santilli CV (2010) Improvement of the corrosion resistance of polysiloxane hybrid coatings by cerium doping. J Non-Cryst Solids 356:2606–2612Suegama PH, Sarmento VHV, Montemor MF, Benedetti AV, de Melo HG, Aoki IV, Santilli CV (2010) Effect of cerium (IV) ions on the anticorrosion properties of siloxane-poly(methyl methacrylate) based film applied on tin coated steel. Electrochim Acta 55:5100–5109Capelossi VR, Aoki IV (2013) Influence of sonication on anticorrosion properties of a sulfursilane film dopped with Ce (IV) on galvannealed steel. Prog Org Coat 76:812–820Paussa L, Rosero NC, Navarro NC, Bravin D, Andreatta F, Lanzutti A, Aparicio M, Durán A, Fedrizzi L (2012) ZrO2 sol–gel pre-treatments doped with cerium nitrate for the corrosion protection of AA6060. Prog Org Coat 74:311–319Silva FS, Suegama PH, Silva WP, Rinaldi AW, Domingues NLC, Matsumoto MY, Salazar LG (2015) Effect of different dopants in films TEOS/MPTS used to protect the carbon steel. Mater Sci Forum 805:167–171Rosero-Navarro NC, Pellice SA, Durán A, Aparicio M (2008) Effects of Ce-containing sol–gel coatings reinforced with SiO2 nanoparticles on the protection of AA2024. Corros Sci 50:1283–1291Naderi R, Fedel M, Deflorian F, Poelman M, Olivier M (2013) Synergistic effect of clay nanoparticles and cerium component on the corrosion behavior of eco-friendly silane sol–gel layer applied on pure aluminum. Surf Coat Technol 224:93–100Zadeh MA, Garcia SJ, van der Zwaag S (2013) Routes to extrinsic and intrinsic self-healing corrosion protective sol-gel coatings: a review. Self Heal Mater 1:1–18Matsuda T, Jadhav N, Kashi KB, Jensen M, Suryawanshi A, Gellinga VJ (2016) Self-healing ability and particle size effect of encapsulated cerium nitrate into pH sensitive microcapsules. Prog Org Coat 90:425–430Abourayana HM, Dowling DP (2015) Plasma processing for tailoring the surface properties of polymers. In: Aliofkhazraei M (ed), Surface energy. InTech, London. https://www.intechopen.com/books/surface-energyZille A, Oliveira FR, Souto AP (2015) Plasma treatment in textile industry. Plasma Process Polym 12:98–131Williams DF, Kellar EJC, Jesson DA, Watts JF (2017) Surface analysis of 316 stainless steel treated with cold atmospheric plasma. Appl Surf Sci 403:240–247Kim MC, Yang SH, Boo J-H, Han JG (2003) Surface treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their surface characteristics. Surf Coat Technol 174–175:839–844Ciriminna R, Sciortino M, Alonzo G, de Schrijver A, Pagliaro M (2011) From molecules to systems: sol-gel microencapsulation in silica-based materials. Chem Rev 111:765–789Ciriminna R, Fidalgo A, Pandarus V, Béland F, Ilharco LM, Pagliaro M (2013) The sol−gel route to advanced silica-based materials and recent applications. Chem Rev 113:6592–6620Kesmez Ö, Burunkaya E, Kiraz N, Çamurlu HE, Asiltürk M, Arpaç E (2011) Effect of acid, water and alcohol ratios on sol-gel preparation of antireflective amorphous SiO2 coatings. J Non-Cryst Solids 357:3130–3135Bruker, Periodic table of elements and X-ray energies. https://www.bruker.com/fileadmin/user_upload/8-PDF-Docs/X-rayDiffraction_ElementalAnalysis/HH-XRF/Misc/Periodic_Table_and_X-ray_Energies.pdf . Accessed 12 April 2019Suegama PH, de Melo HG, Benedetti AV, Aoki IV (2009) Influence of cerium (IV) ions on the mechanism of organosilane polymerization and on the improvement of its barrier properties. Electrochim Acta 54:2655–2662Fedel M, Callone E, Fabbiana M, Deflorian F, Dirè S (2017) Influence of Ce3+ doping on molecular organization of Si-based organic/inorganic sol-gel layers for corrosion protection. Appl Surf Sci 414:82–91National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spectral database for organic compounds SDBS. http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi . Accessed 12 April 2019Garcia-Heras M, Jiménez-Morales A, Casal B, Galvan JC, Radzki S, Villegas MA (2004) Preparation and electrochemical study of cerium–silica sol–gel thin films. J Alloy Compd 380:219–224Innocenzi P (2003) Infrared spectroscopy of sol–gel derived silica-based films: a spectra-microstructure overview. J Non-Cryst Solids 316:309–319Peng S, Zhao W, Zeng Z, Li H, Xue Q, Wu X (2013) Preparation of anticorrosion hybrid silica sol–gel coating using Ce(NO3)3 as catalyst. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 66:133–138Kappert EJ, Pavlenko D, Malzbender J, Nijmeijer A, Benes NE, Tsai PA (2015) Formation and prevention of fractures in sol–gel-derived thin films. Soft Matter 11:882–888Chang B-Y, Park S-M (2010) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Annu Rev Anal Chem 3:207–229Wang H, Akid R (2008) Encapsulated cerium nitrate inhibitors to provide high-performance anti-corrosion sol–gel coatings on mild steel. Corros Sci 50:1142–1148Ramezanzadeh B, Ahmadi A, Mahdavian M (2016) Enhancement of the corrosion protection performance and cathodic delamination resistance of epoxy coating through treatment of steel substrate by a novel nanometric sol-gel based silane composite film filled with functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets. Corros Sci 109:182–205Ahmadi A, Ramezanzadeh B, Mahdavian M (2016) Hybrid silane coating reinforced with silanized graphene oxide nanosheets with improved corrosion protective performance. RSC Adv 6:54102–54112Santana I, Pepe A, Schreiner W, Pellice S, Ceré S (2016) Hybrid sol-gel coatings containing clay nanoparticles for corrosion protection of mild steel. Electrochim Acta 203:396–40

Caracterización de las ganaderías de vacuno de carne en la zona de la Cooperativa Andaluza Ganadera del Valle de los Pedroches

publishedTomo I. Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos - Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Vacuno carne

Utilization of centrate for the production of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana

In this paper, the production of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana using centrate from the anaerobic digestion of treated urban wastewater is studied. For this, semicontinuous cultures were performed indoors at laboratory scale, under controlled conditions, supplying seawater with different centrate percentages from a real wastewater treatment plant as the culture medium. It was demonstrated that N. gaditana can be produced using solely centrate as the nutrient source but only at percentages below 50%. Above this level, inhibition is caused by an excess of ammonia, thus reducing productivity. In the 30-50% centrate range, biomass productivity was 0.4 g·l-1·day-1, equal to that measured when using Algal culture medium. Moreover, the biochemical composition of the biomass was also equal to that measured when using Algal culture medium, with the protein content in the 30-40%d.wt. range; whereas the lipid content ranged from 20 to 25%d.wt. Under these conditions, phosphorus depuration from the culture medium was in the 80-90% range while nitrogen depuration was only between 20 and 40%, indicating an excess of nitrogen in the centrate with respect to phosphorus. In spite of this phosphorus limitation, in the optimal centrate range (30-50% in the culture medium), the cells performed under optimal conditions, removing up to 35 mgN·l-1·day-1 and 5.7 mgP·l-1·day-1, with quantum yield values measuring 1.0-1.3 g·E-1. By supplying additional phosphorus, it was possible to enhance productivity and increase nitrate and phosphorus depuration to over 80%. The use of centrate is confirmed as a useful method for reducing microalgae production costs while also increasing process sustainability, especially when using biomass for bioenergy applications