Hake recruitment in the southern stock (ICES divisions Vlllc and IXa).

Spatial distribution and year class strength for hake in the Southern stock (ICES Oivisions Vlllc and IXa) are analysed from historical series from spanish bottom trawl surveys (1980-1990). A nursery ground in the continental shelf of the northern coast of the Iberian peninsula is compared with the recruitment in adjacent areas (Portuguese and French waters)

Recent Research in Ocular Cystinosis: Drug Delivery Systems, Cysteamine Detection Methods and Future Perspectives

Cystinosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine crystals in different tissues and organs. Although renal damage prevails during initial stages, the deposition of cystine crystals in the cornea causes severe ocular manifestations. At present, cysteamine is the only topical effective treatment for ocular cystinosis. The lack of investment by the pharmaceutical industry, together with the limited stability of cysteamine, make it available only as two marketed presentations (Cystaran® and Cystadrops®) and as compounding formulations prepared in pharmacy departments. Even so, new drug delivery systems (DDSs) need to be developed, allowing more comfortable dosage schedules that favor patient adherence. In the last decades, different research groups have focused on the development of hydrogels, nanowafers and contact lenses, allowing a sustained cysteamine release. In parallel, different determination methods and strategies to increase the stability of the formulations have also been developed. This comprehensive review aims to compile all the challenges and advances related to new cysteamine DDSs, analytical determination methods, and possible future therapeutic alternatives for treating cystinosisThis research was funded by Fundación Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (FEFH 18-19), Fundación Mutua Madrileña (XVI Convocatoria de Ayudas a la Investigación en Salud) and “Asociación La Lucha de Iker”. C.M.-G. and A.F.-F. have funding research grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.M.-G.-Río Hortega CM18/00090 and A.F.-F.-Juan Rodés JR18/0004)S

Effects of thymbra capitate essential oil on in vitro fermentation end-products and ruminal bacterial communities

13 páginas, 5 figuras, 3 tablas.An in vitro trial was carried out to investigate the effects of natural Thymbra capitata essential oil (NEO) and its main compounds [including carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene given alone or in a synthetic combination (SEO)] on ruminal fermentation and the bacterial community using batch cultures inoculated with ruminal digesta and incubating two different basal diets [high-forage (F) and high-concentrate (C) diet]. After 24 h of incubation, primary fermentation end-products [gas, methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia] and rumen microbial diversity were determined. NEO reduced the total VFA concentration (P  0.05) by any of the experimental treatments or diets evaluated. Microbial diversity analysis showed only a moderate effect of carvacrol and SEO on 13 genera, including, mainly, Atopobium and Blautia (involved in subacute ruminal acidosis) or Candidatus Saccharimonas (related to laminitis). In conclusion, T. capitata EO has a limited potential to attain nutritional or environmental benefits, but further research should be carried out to clarify its effects on animal health and microbial food safety.Tis work was funded by CSIC (Proyectos Intramurales Especiales, 201940E115) and MUR (Direzione Generale dell’internazionalizzazione e della comunicazione Programma cooperazione internazionale PRIMA—Decreto Ministeriale 26 luglio 2016 n. 593) in the context of the MILKQUA-H2020-PRIMA 2018—Section 2. Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019-089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, "El FSE invierte en tu futuro").Peer reviewe

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

The effect of early feed restriction of ewe lambs on milk mirRNAome of the filial generation

Trabajo presentado al: 74th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science. póster 20. Lyon, France, 26 agosto- 1 septiembrePeer reviewe

Early nutrition of fattening lambs modifies bacterial community and lymphocytes of the ileum

Trabajo presentado al: 68th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). (Tallin, Estonia. 28 agosto - 2 septiembre).Feed efficiency and immunity parameters can be deeply impacted by colonization of gastrointestinal (GIT) mucosa during early life. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine if the composition of the bacterial populations firmly attached to the ileal mucosa (epimural) is modified by the level of milk intake during the suckling phase of lambs, thus promoting long-term effects during the fattening period. Twenty four merino lambs (average LBW 4.77±0.213 kg) were used, twelve of them (ad libitum, ADL) being kept permanently with the dams whereas the other group (restricted, RES) was separated periodically from the dams and milk restricted. After weaning all the animals were penned individually, offered the same complete pelleted diet at a restricted level (40 g/kg LBW to ensure no differences of DMI) and slaughtered with 27 kg. Ileal tissue samples were collected for immunohistochemistry, morphometric analysis and T-RFLP analysis (microbial diversity). All the data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance with the milk intake level as the only source of variation, excepting those corresponding to T-RFLP, which were analysed by discriminant analysis. During the fattening period, the RES group showed higher feed:gain ratios (3.05 vs 3.69, P<0.001). In addition, the ileal epimural bacterial community of the RES group showed lower relative height of two peaks compatible with probiotics and Proteobacteria. These changes could be associated with the higher infiltration of lymphocytes (T and B) in the ileal lamina propria, a higher presence of M cells and a greater thickness of submucosa layer when compared to the ADL group. In conclusion, the level of nutrition during the suckling period of merino lambs promoted changes in ileal epimural bacterial community and local immune response that could be related to differences in feed efficiency traits during the fattening period.Peer Reviewe

Los compuestos secundarios de las plantas en la nutrición de los hervíboros

A lo largo de la evolución, en las plantas se han desarrollado toda suerte de defensas para tratar de mantener el equilibrio en la interacción planta-herbívoro. Por su parte, en los herbívoros han ido apareciendo adaptaciones fisiológicas y etológicas que han permitido reducir el efecto perjudicial de las defensas de las plantas, principalmente de los compuestos secundarios. Paradójicamente, estos compuestos secundarios han sido durante mucho tiempo ignorados en los trabajos de nutrición. En la actualidad, sin embargo, se comienza a valorar su marcada incidencia en la producción agro-ganadera, especialmente en aquellos sistemas basados en el aprovechamiento de pastos

Ericaceous species reduce methane emissions in sheep and red deer: Respiration chamber measurements and predictions at the scale of European heathlands

19 páginas, 8 tablas, 4 figuras.Despite the importance of atmospheric methane as a potent greenhouse gas and the significant contribution from ruminant enteric fermentation on methane emissions at a global scale, little effort has been made to consider the influence that different plant-based natural diets have on methane emissions in grazing systems. Heathland is an ericaceous dwarf-shrub-dominated habitat widespread across the northern hemisphere, in Europe, provides valuable ecosystem services in areas with poor soils, such as water flow regulation, land-based carbon skin, energy reservoir and habitat of key game species. We (i) measured methane emissions from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed mixed diets of natural grass plus ericaceous species (either Calluna vulgaris or Vaccinium myrtillus) using open-circuit respiration chambers; and (ii) modelled the results to estimate methane emissions from red deer and sheep populations inhabiting heathland habitats across Europe under different scenarios of grass-based mixed diets with varying proportions of ericaceous species. Our results indicated that methane emissions per unit of digestible organic matter intake decreased as the proportion of ericaceous species in diet increased, but this relationship was complex because of the significant interaction between the proportion of ericaceous species in the diet and digestible organic matter intake. According to our estimates red deer and sheep populations across European heathlands produce 129.7 kt·y methane (se = 1.79) based on a hypothetical grass-ericaceous species mixed diet containing 30% of ericaceous species; this is 0.5% of total methane emissions from human activity across Europe (24,755 kt·y), and a reduction in methane emissions of 63.8 kt·y against the same deer and sheep populations, if assumed to consume a grass-only diet. We suggest the implementation of carbon credits as a measure to value the relevance of heathland systems to promote biodiversity and its potential contribution to reduce methane emissions in ruminant grazing systems.Rural Affairs Food and the Environment Strategic Research of the Scottish Governmen

Dietary L-carnitine supplied to early feed-restricted lambs during the fattening period

Trabajo presentado al: 72nd Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). Book of Abstracts. p. 398. Davos, Switzerland (30th August-3rd September 2021).Peer reviewe

Effect of the administration of quebracho extract on rumen fermentation and diet digestibility in sheep

This work was carried out with the aim of studying the effect of the administration of commercial quebracho extract (76% condensed tannins, CT) to sheep, for 70 days. Ten ruminally cannulated ewes were distributed into two experimental groups (control and quebracho). Zero (placebo) or 0.75 g of quebracho tannins extract per kg of live weight and day were intra-ruminally administered to the animals. The nylon bag technique was used to examine alfalfa hay in situ dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) disappearances. In vivo digestibility, pH and ammonia-N and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were also measured. The daily ruminal administration of quebracho extract did not affect rumen fermentation parameters such as pH and ammonia-N and VFA concentrations, but reduced significantly the alfalfa hay DM potentially degradable fraction and the fractional rate of N degradation. Only on day 8 of the experiment were the DM and NDF disappearance values, after 24 h of in situ incubation, significantly lower in the animals treated with quebracho. No differences were observed on any other day of the experiment. Furthermore, the quebracho CT extract significantly decreased the in vivo digestibility of the following diet components: DM, crude protein and NDFEste trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de la administración intrarruminal a ovejas de extracto de quebracho (76% de taninos condensados), durante un período de tiempo relativamente largo (70 días). Para ello, se utilizaron 10 ovejas de raza Merina, canuladas en el rumen, distribuidas en dos grupos experimentales (control y quebracho). A todos los animales se les administró diariamente en el rumen una solución que contenía 0 (placebo) ó 0,75 g de extracto de quebracho por kg de peso vivo. Se estudiaron diferentes parámetros indicativos de la actividad degradativa del rumen (pH, concentraciones de N-amoniacal y ácidos grasos volátiles), la degradación ruminal en bolsas de nailon y la digestibilidad de la dieta. En general, la administración de quebracho no afectó a los parámetros de la fermentación ruminal pero redujo significativamente tanto la fracción potencialmente degradable de la materia seca (MS) como el ritmo fraccional de degradación del N del heno de alfalfa. Únicamente la desaparición de materia seca y de fibra neutro detergente del heno de alfalfa, tras 24 h de incubación ruminal in situ, fueron significativamente menores el día 8 del experimento en los animales tratados con quebracho, y no se observaron diferencias significativas el resto de los días de incubación. Por otra parte, el extracto de quebracho redujo la digestibilidad de la MS, la proteína bruta y la fibra neutro detergente del heno de alfalfa que constituía la dieta de los animale