173 research outputs found
The Primordial Binary Population in OB Associations
For understanding the process of star formation it is essential to know how
many stars are formed as singles or in multiple systems, as a function of
environment and binary parameters. This requires a characterization of the
primordial binary population, which we define as the population of binaries
that is present just after star formation has ceased, but before dynamical and
stellar evolution have significantly altered its characteristics. In this
article we present the first results of our adaptive optics survey of 200
(mainly) A-type stars in the nearby OB association Sco OB2. We report the
discovery of 47 new candidate companions of Sco OB2 members. The next step will
be to combine these observations with detailed simulations of young star
clusters, in order to find the primordial binary population.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, poster paper to appear in proceedings of IAU Coll.
191 "The environments and evolution of binary and multiple stars
Releasing cation diffusion in self-limited nanocrystalline defective ceria thin films
Acceptor-doped nanocrystalline cerium oxide thin films are mechanically constrained nano-domains, with film/substrate interfacial strain and chemical doping deadlock mass diffusion.</p
Hyperfast pulsars as the remnants of massive stars ejected from young star clusters
Recent proper motion and parallax measurements for the pulsar PSR B1508+55
indicate a transverse velocity of ~1100 km/s, which exceeds earlier
measurements for any neutron star. The spin-down characteristics of PSR
B1508+55 are typical for a non-recycled pulsar, which implies that the velocity
of the pulsar cannot have originated from the second supernova disruption of a
massive binary system. The high velocity of PSR B1508+55 can be accounted for
by assuming that it received a kick at birth or that the neutron star was
accelerated after its formation in the supernova explosion. We propose an
explanation for the origin of hyperfast neutron stars based on the hypothesis
that they could be the remnants of a symmetric supernova explosion of a
high-velocity massive star which attained its peculiar velocity (similar to
that of the pulsar) in the course of a strong dynamical three- or four-body
encounter in the core of dense young star cluster. To check this hypothesis we
investigated three dynamical processes involving close encounters between: (i)
two hard massive binaries, (ii) a hard binary and an intermediate-mass black
hole, and (iii) a single star and a hard binary intermediate-mass black hole.
We find that main-sequence O-type stars cannot be ejected from young massive
star clusters with peculiar velocities high enough to explain the origin of
hyperfast neutron stars, but lower mass main-sequence stars or the stripped
helium cores of massive stars could be accelerated to hypervelocities. Our
explanation for the origin of hyperfast pulsars requires a very dense stellar
environment of the order of 10^6 -10^7 stars pc^{-3}. Although such high
densities may exist during the core collapse of young massive star clusters, we
caution that they have never been observed.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted to MNRA
Has the black hole in XTE J1118+480 experienced an asymmetric natal kick?
We explore the origin of the Galactic high latitude black hole X-ray binary
XTE J1118+480, and in particular its birth location and the magnitude of the
kick received by the black hole upon formation in the supernova explosion. We
constrain the age of the companion to the black hole using stellar evolution
calculations between 2 Gyr and 5 Gyr, making an origin in a globular cluster
unlikely. We therefore argue that the system was born in the Galactic disk and
the supernova propelled it in its current high latitude orbit. Given the
current estimates on its distance, proper motion and radial velocity, we
back-trace the orbit of XTE J1118+480 in the Galactic potential to infer the
peculiar velocity of the system at different disk crossings over the last 5
Gyr. Taking into account the uncertainties on the velocity components, we infer
an average peculiar velocity of 183 \pm 31 km/s. The maximum velocity which the
binary can acquire by symmetric supernova mass loss is about 100 km/s, which is
2.7 sigma away from the mean of the peculiar velocity distribution. We
therefore argue that an additional asymmetric kick velocity is required. By
considering the orientation of the system relative to the plane of the sky, we
derive a 95% probability for a non null component of the kick perpendicular to
the orbital plane of the binary. The distribution of perpendicular velocities
is skewed to lower velocities with an average of 93^{+55}_{-60} km/s.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, replaced with revised version, accepted for
publication in the Astrophysical Journa
HVS7: a chemically peculiar hyper-velocity star
Context: Hyper-velocity stars are suggested to originate from the dynamical
interaction of binary stars with the supermassive black hole in the Galactic
centre (GC), which accelerates one component of the binary to beyond the
Galactic escape velocity. Aims: The evolutionary status and GC origin of the
HVS SDSS J113312.12+010824.9 (HVS7) is constrained from a detailed study of its
stellar parameters and chemical composition. Methods: High-resolution spectra
of HVS7 obtained with UVES on the ESO VLT were analysed using state-of-the-art
NLTE/LTE modelling techniques that can account for a chemically-peculiar
composition via opacity sampling. Results: Instead of the expected slight
enrichments of alpha-elements and near-solar Fe, huge chemical peculiarities of
all elements are apparent. The He abundance is very low (<1/100 solar), C, N
and O are below the detection limit, i.e they are underabundant (<1/100, <1/3
and <1/10 solar). Heavier elements, however, are overabundant: the iron group
by a factor of ~10, P, Co and Cl by factors ~40, 80 and 440 and rare-earth
elements and Hg even by ~10000. An additional finding, relevant also for other
chemically peculiar stars are the large NLTE effects on abundances of TiII and
FeII (~0.6-0.7dex). The derived abundance pattern of HVS7 is characteristic for
the class of chemical peculiar magnetic B stars on the main sequence. The
chemical composition and high vsini=55+-2km/s render a low mass nature of HVS7
as a blue horizontal branch star unlikely. Conclusions: Such a surface
abundance pattern is caused by atomic diffusion in a possibly magnetically
stabilised, non-convective atmosphere. Hence all chemical information on the
star's place of birth and its evolution has been washed out. High precision
astrometry is the only means to validate a GC origin for HVS7.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Interaction of Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes with Stars in Galactic Nuclei
Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the products of frequent galaxy
mergers. The coalescence of the SMBHBs is a distinct source of gravitational
wave (GW) radiation. The detections of the strong GW radiation and their
possible electromagnetic counterparts are essential. Numerical relativity
suggests that the post-merger supermassive black hole (SMBH) gets a kick
velocity up to 4000 km/s due to the anisotropic GW radiations. Here we
investigate the dynamical co-evolution and interaction of the recoiling SMBHs
and their galactic stellar environments with one million direct N-body
simulations including the stellar tidal disruption by the recoiling SMBHs. Our
results show that the accretion of disrupted stars does not significantly
affect the SMBH dynamical evolution. We investigate the stellar tidal
disruption rates as a function of the dynamical evolution of oscillating SMBHs
in the galactic nuclei. Our simulations show that most of stellar tidal
disruptions are contributed by the unbound stars and occur when the oscillating
SMBHs pass through the galactic center. The averaged disruption rate is
~10^{-6} M_\odot yr^{-1}, which is about an order of magnitude lower than that
by a stationary SMBH at similar galactic nuclei. Our results also show that a
bound star cluster is around the oscillating SMBH of about ~ 0.7% the black
hole mass. In addition, we discover a massive cloud of unbound stars following
the oscillating SMBH. We also investigate the dependence of the results on the
SMBH masses and density slopes of the galactic nuclei.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figues; accepted for publication in Ap
Dual black holes in merger remnants. II: spin evolution and gravitational recoil
Using high resolution hydrodynamical simulations, we explore the spin
evolution of massive dual black holes orbiting inside a circumnuclear disc,
relic of a gas-rich galaxy merger. The black holes spiral inwards from
initially eccentric co or counter-rotating coplanar orbits relative to the
disc's rotation, and accrete gas that is carrying a net angular momentum. As
the black hole mass grows, its spin changes in strength and direction due to
its gravito-magnetic coupling with the small-scale accretion disc. We find that
the black hole spins loose memory of their initial orientation, as accretion
torques suffice to align the spins with the angular momentum of their orbit on
a short timescale (<1-2 Myr). A residual off-set in the spin direction relative
to the orbital angular momentum remains, at the level of <10 degrees for the
case of a cold disc, and <30 degrees for a warmer disc. Alignment in a cooler
disc is more effective due to the higher coherence of the accretion flow near
each black hole that reflects the large-scale coherence of the disc's rotation.
If the massive black holes coalesce preserving the spin directions set after
formation of a Keplerian binary, the relic black hole resulting from their
coalescence receives a relatively small gravitational recoil. The distribution
of recoil velocities inferred from a simulated sample of massive black hole
binaries has median <70 km/s much smaller than the median resulting from an
isotropic distribution of spins.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Dynamical friction of massive objects in galactic centres
Dynamical friction leads to an orbital decay of massive objects like young
compact star clusters or Massive Black Holes in central regions of galaxies.
The dynamical friction force can be well approximated by Chandrasekhar's
standard formula, but recent investigations show, that corrections to the
Coulomb logarithm are necessary. With a large set of N-body simulations we show
that the improved formula for the Coulomb logarithm fits the orbital decay very
well for circular and eccentric orbits. The local scale-length of the
background density distribution serves as the maximum impact parameter for a
wide range of power-law indices of -1 ... -5. For each type of code the
numerical resolution must be compared to the effective minimum impact parameter
in order to determine the Coulomb logarithm. We also quantify the correction
factors by using self-consistent velocity distribution functions instead of the
standard Maxwellian often used. These factors enter directly the decay
timescale and cover a range of 0.5 ... 3 for typical orbits. The new Coulomb
logarithm combined with self-consistent velocity distribution functions in the
Chandrasekhar formula provides a significant improvement of orbital decay times
with correction up to one order of magnitude compared to the standard case. We
suggest the general use of the improved formula in parameter studies as well as
in special applications.Comment: 22 pages, 28 figures, accepted by MNRA
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