Bihamiltonian geometry and separation of variables for Toda lattices

We discuss the bihamiltonian geometry of the Toda lattice (periodic and open). Using some recent results on the separation of variables for bihamiltonian manifolds, we show that these systems can be explicitly integrated via the classical Hamilton-Jacobi method in the so-called Darboux-Nijenhuis coordinates.Comment: 12 pages, Latex with amsmath and amssymb. Report of talks given at NEEDS9

Multi-Hamiltonian structures for r-matrix systems

For the rational, elliptic and trigonometric r-matrices, we exhibit the links between three "levels" of Poisson spaces: (a) Some finite-dimensional spaces of matrix-valued holomorphic functions on the complex line; (b) Spaces of spectral curves and sheaves supported on them; (c) Symmetric products of a surface. We have, at each level, a linear space of compatible Poisson structures, and the maps relating the levels are Poisson. This leads in a natural way to Nijenhuis coordinates for these spaces. At level (b), there are Hamiltonian systems on these spaces which are integrable for each Poisson structure in the family, and which are such that the Lagrangian leaves are the intersections of the symplective leaves over the Poisson structures in the family. Specific examples include many of the well-known integrable systems.Comment: 26 pages, Plain Te

Effect of the change of social environment on the behavior of a captive brown bear (Ursus arctos)

We observed the behavior of a captive sterilized male brown bear before and after the death of his female sibling to investigate the effect of the change of social environment on his behavior and welfare. Observations were carried out by continuous recording during daylight for 6 wk prior to hibernation when the bear was kept with the sibling, and they were repeated 2 years later when the bear was alone (total observation time is 108 h). Feeding, moving, and the total amount of time spent resting (including sleeping and alert inactive) were not affected by the change of social environment. However, when the bear was alone, the percentage of time he spent alert inactive almost trebled (pair, 17.7 \ub1 3.3%; alone, 48.5 \ub1 5.5%; P < 0.001), and the time spent sleeping was less than one-third (pair, 51.1 \ub1 6.1%; alone, 14.2 \ub1 5.0%; P < 0.001) than when the female was present. The bear spent most of his sleeping time in lateral lying posture (a posture probably associated with rapid eyes movement sleep). The percentage of time dedicated to this posture was significantly reduced after the death of his sibling (pair, 35.9 \ub1 7.4%; alone, 15.0 \ub1 5.4%; P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of time spent in quadrupedal posture increased (pair, 17.1 \ub1 5.4%; alone, 37.8 \ub1 7.8; P < 0.05). One of the possible reasons for these changes may be an increased risk perception of the bear after the death of his sibling. Our results highlight the importance of social environment and of its changes, which should be carefully considered to maintain captive bears in good welfare conditions

Functional safety assessment of a liquid metal divertor for the European demo tokamak

A reliable strategy for the heat exhaust problem for fusion reactors is among the milestones indicated in EUROfusion (2018). In a fusion reactor, the divertor targets are subject to extremely large heat and particle fluxes. For fusion to be economically feasible, these conditions must be withstood without damage for long time. The “baseline” strategy will be employed for the ITER experiment (which is being built in France) and is based on actively cooled tungsten monoblocks. It is unclear whether this strategy will extrapolate to a future fusion reactor (such as the EU-DEMO, whose pre-conceptual design is ongoing within the EUROfusion consortium). For this reason, alternative solutions are under study, which will eventually be tested in a dedicated experiment in Italy, namely the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT). One possibility is to employ liquid metal divertors (LMDs), for which the plasma-facing surface is inherently self-healing and immune to thermo-mechanical stresses. Within the framework of the pre-conceptual design of an LMD for the EU-DEMO, safety issues need to be considered at an early stage. In this work we present a preliminary but systematic safety analysis for this system, by means of the Functional Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FFMEA). The FFMEA allows to identify possible accident initiators for systems undergoing pre-conceptual design, when more specific safety evaluations (e.g. at the component level) are not possible, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2009). This is done by postulating the loss of a system function rather than a specific component failure, thus compensating for the lack of detailed design information. For each function, the potential causes of its loss, a plausible evolution and preventive and mitigative measures are investigated, possibly specifying the need for further information. The initiating events are grouped according to consequences and the plant response. For each group, the Postulated Initiating Event (PIE) is chosen. The PIEs list drives and limits the set of accidental scenarios which will undergo deterministic analysis in a successive phase of the work, in order to evaluate the capacity of the system to withstand/mitigate its consequences. This will assess whether safety limits are respected or whether additional safety provisions are required. From the PIEs list, the design basis accident (DBA) and beyond design basis accident (BDBA) will eventually be selected

Use Of Different Electrical Stimulations For Treating Pain In Women With Temporomandibular Disorders [utilização De Diferentes Estimulações Elétricas Para O Tratamento Da Dor Em Mulheres Com Disfunção Temporomandibular]

Objective: To analyze pain intensity in individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) who were treated with ten sessions of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES). Methods: Twenty-four women (22.98±1.86 years old) with a diagnosis of TMD in accordance with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were selected. Sixty percent of the participants had a diagnosis of TMD classified as group Ia and 40% as Ia and IIa. They were divided into two groups named TENS group (TG) and high-voltage group (HVG). Each participant received ten applications of either TENS (10Hz, modulated at 50%, 200μs and motor threshold intensity) or HVES (10Hz, twin pulses of 20μs each at intervals of 100μs between the twin pulses, 100volts and positive pole) twice a week for 30 minutes. To measure the pain intensity, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Statistical analyses were performed using t test and simple linear regression. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-TENS conditions showed diminished pain intensity (p<0.05) in most sessions except for sessions 6, 7 and 8. In contrast, HVES reduced the pain intensity in all sessions (p<0.05). Evaluation of the pre-application values showed that both treatments decreased the pain intensity uniformly over the ten sessions (p<0.05). Conclusions: TENS and HVES both promoted reductions in pain intensity in women with TMD. HVES is a therapeutic resource recommended for such patients. © 2009 Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia.126476481Tvrdy, P., Methods of imaging in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders (2007) Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 151 (1), pp. 133-6Magnusson, T., Egermark, I., Carlsson, G.E., A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35 years of age (2000) J Orofac Pain, 14 (4), pp. 310-9Oliveira, A.S., Bermudez, C.C., Souza, R.A., Souza, C.M.F., Dias, E.M., Castro, C.E.S., Impacto da dor na vida de portadores de disfunção temporomandibular (2003) J Appl Oral Sci, 11 (2), pp. 138-43Furto, E.S., Cleland, J.A., Whitman, J.M., Olson, K.A., Manual physical therapy interventions and exercise for patients with temporomandibular disorders (2006) Cranio, 24 (4), pp. 283-91Cappelini, V.K., Souza, G.S., Faria, C.R.S., Massage therapy in the management of myogenic TMD: a pilot study (2006) J Apllied Oral Sci, 14 (1), pp. 21-6Kato, M.T., Kogawa, E.M., Santos, C.N., Conti, P.C.R., Tens and low-level laser therapy in the Management of temporomandibular Disorders (2006) J Appl Oral Sci, 14 (2), pp. 130-5Alvarez-Arenal, A., Junquera, L.M., Fernandez, J.P., Gonzalez, I., Olay, S., Effect of occlusal splint and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients with bruxism (2002) J Oral Rehabil, 29 (9), pp. 858-63Rodrigues, D., Siriani, A.O., Bérzin, F., Effect of conventional TENS on pain and eletromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in TMD patients (2004) Braz Oral Res, 18 (4), pp. 290-5Windt, D.A., Heijden, G.J., Berg, S.G., Riet, G., Winter, A.F., Bouter, L.M., Ultrasound therapy for musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review (1999) Pain, 81 (3), pp. 257-71Gonçalves, R.N., Ordenes, I.E.U., Rodrigues-Bigaton, D., Efeito indireto da TENS sobre os músculos cervicais em portadores de DTM (2007) Fisioter Mov, 20 (2), pp. 83-90Linde, C., Isacsson, G., Jonsson, B.G., Outcome of 6-week treatment with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation compared with splint on symptomatic temporomandibular joint disk displacement without reduction (1995) Acta Odontol Scand, 53 (2), pp. 92-8Stralka, S.W., Jackson, J.A., Lewis, A.R., Treatment of hand and wrist pain: A randomized clinical trial of high voltage pulsed, direct current built into a wrist splint (1998) AAOHN Journal, 46 (5), pp. 233-6Holcomb, W.R., A practical Guide to Electrical Therapy (1997) J Sport Rehabil, 6, pp. 272-82Nelson, R.M., Hayes, K.W., Currier, D.P., (2003) Eletroterapia Clínica, , 3a ed. Barueri: ManoleAlon, G., Os princípios da estimulação elétrica (2003) Eletroterapia Clínica, pp. 55-139. , In. Nelson RM, Hayes KW, Currier DP. 3a ed. Barueri: ManoleIdo, C., Rothenbuhler, R., Janz, L., Eletroestimulação nervosa trancutânea de baixa freqüência nos "tender points" dos pacientes fibromioálgicos juvenis (2003) Rev Fisioter Univ São Paulo, 10 (1), pp. 1-6Larsson, S.E., Bodegard, L., Henriksson, K.G., Oberg, P.A., Chronic trapezius myalgia. Morphology and blood flow studied in 17 patients (1990) Acta Orthop Scand, 61 (5), pp. 394-8Tullberg, M., Alstergren, P.J., Ernberg, M.M., Effects of low-power laser exposure on masseter muscle pain and microcirculation (2003) Pain, 105 (1-2), pp. 89-96Okada, K., Yamaguchi, T., Minowa, K., Inoue, N., The influence of hot pack therapy on the blood flow in masseter muscles (2005) J Oral Rehabil, 32 (7), pp. 480-6Wieselmann-Penkner, K., Janda, M., Lorenzoni, M., Polansky, R., A comparison of the muscular relaxation effects of TENS and EMG-biofeedback in patients with bruxism (2001) J Oral Rehabil, 28 (9), pp. 849-53Cramp, A.F.L., Gilsenan, C., Lowe, A.S., Walsh, D.M., The effect of high- and low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation upon cutaneous blood flow and skin temperature in healthy subjects (2000) Clin Physiol, 20 (2), pp. 150-7Goldman, R., Brewley, B., Zhou, L., Golden, M., Electrotherapy reverses inframalleolar ischemia: A retrospective, observational study (2003) Advances in Skin & Wound care, 16 (2), pp. 79-89Goldman, R., Rosen, M., Brewley, B., Golden, M., Electrotherapy promotes healing and microcirculation of infrapopliteal ischemic wounds: a prospective pilot study (2004) Adv Skin Wound Care, 17 (6), pp. 284-94Robinson, A.J., Snyder, M.L., (2001) Eletrofisiologia Clínica: eletroterapia e teste eletrofisiológico, , 2a ed. Porto Alegre: Artme

Use of different electrical stimulations for treating pain in women with temporomandibular disorders

OBJECTIVE: To analyze pain intensity in individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) who were treated with ten sessions of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES). METHODS: Twenty-four women (22.98±1.86 years old) with a diagnosis of TMD in accordance with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were selected. 60% of the subjects had a diagnosis of TMD classified as group Ia and 40% as Ia and IIa. They were divided into two groups named the TENS group (TG) and the high voltage group (HVG). Each individual received ten applications of either TENS (10Hz, modulated at 50%, 200µs and motor threshold intensity) or HVES (10Hz, twin pulses of 20µs each at intervals of 100µs between the twin pulses, 100volts and positive pole) twice a week for 30 minutes. To measure the pain intensity, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test and simple linear regression. RESULTS: Comparison of the pre and post-TENS conditions showed diminished pain intensity (p<0.05) at most sessions except for sessions 6, 7 and 8. In contrast, HVES reduced the pain intensity at all sessions (p<0.05). Evaluation of the pre-application values showed that both treatments decreased the pain intensity uniformly over the ten sessions (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TENS and HVES both promoted reductions in pain intensity in women with TMD. HVES is a therapeutic resource recommended for such patients.OBJETIVO: Analisar a intensidade da dor em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) tratados com dez sessões de estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) ou estimulação elétrica de Alta Voltagem (EEAV). MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 24 mulheres (22,98±1,86 anos) com diagnóstico de DTM, segundo o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), sendo 60% com diagnóstico de DTM do grupo Ia e 40% Ia e IIa. As voluntárias foram divididas em dois grupos denominados grupo TENS (GT) e Grupo Alta Voltagem (GAV). Em ambos os grupos as voluntárias receberam dez aplicações da TENS (10Hz modulada em 50%, 200 µs e intensidade no limiar motor) ou da EEAV (10Hz, pulsos gêmeos com 20µs cada e intervalo 100µs interpulsos gêmeos, 100Volts e pólo positivo) duas vezes por semana por 30 minutos. Para mensurar a intensidade da dor, foi utilizada a escala visual analógica (EVA). Para análise estatística, utilizou-se teste t de Student e análise de regressão linear simples. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se as condições pré e pós TENS observa-se uma redução na intensidade da dor (p<0,05) na maioria das sessões, exceto na sexta, sétima e oitava, enquanto a EEAV reduziu a intensidade da dor (p<0,05) em todas as sessões. Avaliando-se os valores pré-aplicação, os dois recursos diminuíram a intensidade de dor de forma uniforme ao longo das dez sessões (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A TENS e a EEAV promoveram redução da intensidade da dor em mulheres com DTM, sendo a EEAV mais um recurso indicado para o tratamento desses pacientes.47648

Functioning conditions of the Casale pumping station in Mantova, Italy

Abstract. Pump speed, input power, pressure and discharge data are analyzed for evaluating functioning conditions of Casale pumping station in Mantova, Italy, managed by TeaAcque. A model based on the affinity laws is used to simulate the behavior of the installed variable speed pumps. Quadratic and cubic polynomial curves are used to fit the pump data given by the affinity laws. Such curves allow predicting the efficiency when the functioning conditions change. The relationship between the rotation speed and the efficiency is also derived

Involutive orbits of non-Noether symmetry groups

We consider set of functions on Poisson manifold related by continues one-parameter group of transformations. Class of vector fields that produce involutive families of functions is investigated and relationship between these vector fields and non-Noether symmetries of Hamiltonian dynamical systems is outlined. Theory is illustrated with sample models: modified Boussinesq system and Broer-Kaup system.Comment: LaTeX 2e, 10 pages, no figure

Advanced methods for loss-of-flow accident precursors identification in a superconducting magnet cryogenic cooling circuit

In nuclear fusion systems, such as ITER, Superconducting Magnets (SMs) will be employed to magnetically confine the plasma. A Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuit (SMCCC) must keep the SMs at cryogenic temperature to preserve their superconductive properties. Thus, a Loss-Of-Flow Accident (LOFA) in the SMCCC is to be avoided. In this work, a three-step methodology for the prompt identification of LOFA precursors (i.e., those component failures leading to a LOFA) is developed. First, accident scenarios are randomly generated by Monte Carlo sampling of the SMCCC components failures and the corresponding transient system response is simulated by a deterministic thermal-hydraulic code. In this phase, fast-running Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)based Kriging metamodels, adaptively trained to mimic the behavior of the detailed long-running code, are employed to reduce the associated computational burden. Second, the scenarios generated are grouped by a Spectral Clustering (SC) embedding the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), in order to characterize the principal patterns of system evolution towards abnormal conditions (e.g., a LOFA). Third, an On-line Supervised Spectral Clustering (OSSC) approach is developed to assign signals measured during plant operation to one of the prototypical clusters identified, which may reveal the corresponding LOFA precursors (in terms of combinations of failed SMCCC components). The devised method is applied to the simplified model of a cryogenic cooling circuit of a single module of the ITER Central Solenoid. Results show that the approach developed timely identifies 95% of LOFA events and approximately 80% of the corresponding precursors