2,439 research outputs found
Rights, Security and Conflicting International Obligations: Exploring Inter-Jurisdictional Judicial Dialogues in Europe'
The European Court of Justice's decision in Kadi & Al Barakaat has frequently been condemned as a missed opportunity for the Court to engage in a wider international debate about how states' multiple layers of obligation relate to one another. In this paper, we compare the ECJ's approach in this case to previous approaches in the Council of Europe, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the EU courts themselves. We argue that the way in which the Court chose to frame the issues in Kadi in fact enabled it to engage in an inter-institutional and inter-organizational international dialogue rejecting dichotomous approaches to security and rights. At the same time, the approach enabled the Court to strengthen its internal constitutional commitment to fundamental rights protection and, a priori, to reject dichotomous counter-terrorist approaches on the local as well as the international level. We therefore present Kadi as a case of key significance for both European and international constitutionalist processes
Tabulation, bibliography, and structure of binary intermetallic compounds. V. Compounds of aluminum and indium
This report is the fifth and last in a series. The previous reports listed the compounds of elements
Symmetry classification of third-order nonlinear evolution equations. Part I: Semi-simple algebras
We give a complete point-symmetry classification of all third-order evolution
equations of the form
which admit semi-simple symmetry algebras and extensions of these semi-simple
Lie algebras by solvable Lie algebras. The methods we employ are extensions and
refinements of previous techniques which have been used in such
classifications.Comment: 53 page
Loss-Induced Limits to Phase Measurement Precision with Maximally Entangled States
The presence of loss limits the precision of an approach to phase measurement
using maximally entangled states, also referred to as NOON states. A
calculation using a simple beam-splitter model of loss shows that, for all
nonzero values L of the loss, phase measurement precision degrades with
increasing number N of entangled photons for N sufficiently large. For L above
a critical value of approximately 0.785, phase measurement precision degrades
with increasing N for all values of N. For L near zero, phase measurement
precision improves with increasing N down to a limiting precision of
approximately 1.018 L radians, attained at N approximately equal to 2.218/L,
and degrades as N increases beyond this value. Phase measurement precision with
multiple measurements and a fixed total number of photons N_T is also examined.
For L above a critical value of approximately 0.586, the ratio of phase
measurement precision attainable with NOON states to that attainable by
conventional methods using unentangled coherent states degrades with increasing
N, the number of entangled photons employed in a single measurement, for all
values of N. For L near zero this ratio is optimized by using approximately
N=1.279/L entangled photons in each measurement, yielding a precision of
approximately 1.340 sqrt(L/N_T) radians.Comment: Additional references include
Tabulation, bibliography, and structure of binary intermetallic compounds. II. Compounds of berylium, magnesium, and calcium
This is a tabulation, bibliography, and structure of binary intermetallic compounds, including those of berylium, magnesium, and calcium. This report is the second in a series. ISC-795 ~ the first in this series~ listed the compounds of lithium, sodium, potassium, and rubidium
The Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: implications for sex workers and their clients
© 2015 Taylor & Francis. The Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 introduced new powers to deal with behaviour deemed to be ‘anti-social’. In this paper we consider how the new law could be used against sex workers and their clients and the impact this may have. Although the new powers were not intentionally designed to respond to prostitution, we suggest that they will be utilised to tackle it. We argue that the law will be used inconsistently in a way which will go directly against policy which seeks to ‘tackle demand’ and take a less punitive approach to dealing with sex workers. Despite a policy shift to see sex workers more as victims and less as offenders, we draw on existing evidence to demonstrate that the new anti-social behaviour order law will be utilised to exclude street sex workers from public spaces. We claim that a degree of ‘policy re-fraction’ will occur when the new laws are implemented by practitioners
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