Institutional histories, seasonal floodplains (mares), and livelihood impacts of fish stocking in the Inner Niger River Delta of Mali

The Community-based Fish Culture in Seasonal Floodplains and Irrigation Systems (CBFC) project is a five year research project supported by the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF), with the aim of increasing productivity of seasonally occurring water bodies through aquaculture. The project has been implemented in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Mali and Vietnam, where technical and institutional options for community based aquaculture have been tested. The project began in 2005 and was completed in March 2010. The seasonally flooded depressions in the Inner Niger Delta (known as mares) represent a critical fishery resource for the inhabitants of the village of Komio, and at present, access is open to all residents. A proposal to build stocked fish enclosures in the main village mare presents potential benefits and risks. On one hand, overall productivity in the mare could be significantly increased, providing important sources of protein and cash during the annual drought period, when few livelihood activities can be performed and when village livelihoods are at their most vulnerable. Enhanced productivity in mares may also decrease local household pressures for seasonal labor migration. On the other hand, a resulting increase in the value of these mares may encourage elite capture of project benefits or rentseeking by certain village leaders of the landowning Marka ethnic group. Using qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, the study provides evidence of how local institutional and leadership capacity for equitable common property resource management have evolved since the introduction of irrigated farming systems (known as PΘrimΦtres IrriguΘs Villageois or PIVs) in the 1990s.Fishing rights, River fisheries, Livelihoods

Endovascular retrieval of two migrated venous stents by means of balloon catheters

AbstractThe usefulness of vascular stenting was demonstrated in both arterial and venous applications to restore patency and improve suboptimal results after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Dislodgment of venous stents with an embolization into the right cavities or the pulmonary artery, however, is one of the most feared complications of this procedure. Percutaneous removal of these migrated stents is an appealing method of replacing more invasive operative intervention with cardiopulmonary bypass, which may be very hazardous in these often severely ill patients. We describe the cases of two patients with stents that migrated into the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. In one patient, we were able to successfully remove these stents by using an angioplasty balloon with an operative extraction from the iliac vein, thereby obviating the need for a major operative procedure. (J Vasc Surg 1998;28:541-6.

Diagnóstico y rediseño de las facilidades de separación en el área auca

El trabajo explica las condiciones actuales de operación de los separadores de prueba, producción y las botas de gas existentes en las estaciones de producción del área. Se describen las características geológicas, petrofísicas, predicciones de producción y condiciones de operaciones actuales, importantes para rediseño. Además, se revisan los fundamentos teóricos utilizados para el rediseño de los separadores y botas de gas; el diagnóstico del estado operacional de separadores y botas de gas mediante la evaluación de la eficiencia de los recipientes. El rediseño de los separadores y botas de gas, presentando para ambos equipos dos propuestas

Short-Term Long Chain Omega3 Diet Protects from Neuroinflammatory Processes and Memory Impairment in Aged Mice

Regular consumption of food enriched in omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) has been shown to reduce risk of cognitive decline in elderly, and possibly development of Alzheimer's disease. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the most likely active components of ω3-rich PUFAs diets in the brain. We therefore hypothesized that exposing mice to a DHA and EPA enriched diet may reduce neuroinflammation and protect against memory impairment in aged mice. For this purpose, mice were exposed to a control diet throughout life and were further submitted to a diet enriched in EPA and DHA during 2 additional months. Cytokine expression together with a thorough analysis of astrocytes morphology assessed by a 3D reconstruction was measured in the hippocampus of young (3-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) mice. In addition, the effects of EPA and DHA on spatial memory and associated Fos activation in the hippocampus were assessed. We showed that a 2-month EPA/DHA treatment increased these long-chain ω3 PUFAs in the brain, prevented cytokines expression and astrocytes morphology changes in the hippocampus and restored spatial memory deficits and Fos-associated activation in the hippocampus of aged mice. Collectively, these data indicated that diet-induced accumulation of EPA and DHA in the brain protects against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment linked to aging, further reinforcing the idea that increased EPA and DHA intake may provide protection to the brain of aged subjects

Determination of fatty acids ethyl esters in virgin olive oils: proposals to enhance the EU official method

Fatty acids ethyl esters (FAEEs) are markers for virgin olive oils obtained from olives of poor quality or not adequately stored before being processed. FAEEs can also be considered as indirect markers in detecting the illegal treatment of soft deodorization that can be applied to slightly defective olive oils, as they are difficult to be removed from the oils at the conditions reached during this technological process. The official FAEEs determination (EU Reg. 61/2011) suffers some drawbacks in terms of amount of solvents and long time of analysis, linked with the preparative procedure to isolate these compounds. The aim of this work is to study the application of an HPLC-UV as a rapid alternative approach to the traditional liquid chromatography applied in the preparative phase. After the set up of the most appropriate working conditions (eg. mobile phase, flow, injection volume), some validation parameters (eg. precision, accuracy, LOD and LOQ, recovery) have been evaluated, in order to check the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, considering the GC-FID step, the use of a PTV (programmed temperature vaporizer) injector as an alternative of the on-column one was evaluated. This work is developed in the context of the project OLEUM \u201cAdvanced solutions for assuring authenticity and quality of olive oil at global scale\u201c, funded by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Programme (2014\u20132020, GA no. 635690). The information expressed in this abstract reflects the authors\u2019 views; the EC is not liable for the information contained therein

Extended Lower Limb Venous Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Proximal and Distal Vein Thrombosis in Asymptomatic Patients after Total Hip Replacement

AbstractObjective. To assess the performance of extended lower limb venous ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to estimate a 3-month DVT incidence on repeated US after total hip replacement.Design. Diagnostic performance study and prospective cohort study.Materials and methods. US was compared to phlebography in 70 consecutive patients and interobserver agreement was assessed in the last 48 patients at day 8. US was repeated in these 48 patients at day 13 and day 90.Results. Phlebography demonstrated a DVT in 18/70 (26%) patients, with five proximal and 13 distal and US in 23/70 (33%) patients, with eight proximal and 15 distal. Sensitivity and specificity of US with 95% CI were 94% (73–100) and 89% (76–96), respectively. Sensitivity in isolated distal vein thrombosis was 92% (67–99). The Kappa coefficient for agreement between observers was 0.84 (0.66–1.00). Follow-up showed a DVT in 15/48 (31%) patients on day 8, in 20/48 patients (42%) on day 13. DVT recurred in two patients during follow-up.Conclusions. The incidence of asymptomatic DVT is still significant despite prophylaxis but most DVTs remain distal and occur in the first 2 weeks. Extended US could replace phlebography for systematic screening in clinical trials using surrogate endpoints in view of its high accuracy and reliability

Purificación Del Aire Ambiente Interior En La Fábrica De Productos Lácteos “Quesos Latacunga” , Cotopaxi, Ecuador

The purification of the internal ambient air of the "Latacunga Cheese" factory was studied by the application of ozone. It is an energetic oxidizing agent which is able to kill the microorganisms present in the medium where it is found. It is applied in its appropriate doses with the aim of purifying the air environment of the workshop. The concentrations of fungi and bacteria found before the application of ozone were higher than that allowed by the Spanish legislation "UNE 100012 Hygiene of systems". Among the fungi identified were Aspergillus sp., Penicilium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Fusarium sp., and Cladosporium sp. The major bacteria identified were Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Enterobacter agglomerans. The main material used for the treatment of indoor air with ozone was a SEFILTRA purifier. This purifier, however, generates an ozonated air flow rate of 2 dm3 / min with an ozone concentration in air of 9.5 g / m3. This means it has an ozone charge of about 1.14 g / hr. A High Efficiency Particle Arresting (99.995%) filter was used to measure microbial air content before and after treatment. After an hour of application of ozone, the reduction of fungi was sufficient to ensure that its presence was complied with the maximum limit established in the legislation in question. However, this does not happen with bacteria which needs about 25 minutes more to conclude which is the same as for fungi

Estudio Preliminar Sobre La Decoloración Del Residual Líquido De La Producción De Papel Mediante Ozonización

Preliminarily, the relationship between Color Reduction (%RC), Total Suspended Solids concentration (SST), and as independent variable, the time of Ozone Oxidation Process, was evaluated with reference values of DQO of the black liquor adjusting its concentration from SST to 300 and 50mg/dm3. A batch reactor of 12,60dm3, an effective height of 3,2dm and an ozone generating device from SEFILTRA company (air flow of 2dm3/min, c(O3) of 9,50mg/dm3 with a O3(g) production 19mg/min) was used. The polynomic correlation was determined from 192 data sets with satisfactory adjustment level (R=0,92; p <0,001). Although, preliminarily, the DQO reduction (%RDQO) was not included in the polynomial relationship, it can be concluded that: a) The %RC and %RDQO is reduced when color and DQO increases from the ozonized sample at same time intervals; this reduction is greater when the SST levels of the ozonized sample increases. b) The %RC and %RDQO decrease when the SST level of the ozonized sample increases. c) Depending on the initial color, of the DQO and of the SST level of the sample, values from 10 to 53 %Rc were obtained after 10 min, and of 66 to 94 %Rc after 60 min