Exercise and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting both the metabolism and reproductive system of women of reproductive age. Prevalence ranges from 6.1-19.9% depending on the criteria used to give a diagnosis. PCOS accounts for approximately 80% of women with anovulatory infer-tility, and causes disruption at various stages of the reproductive axis. Evidence suggests lifestyle modification should be the first line of therapy for women with PCOS. Several studies have examined the impact of exercise interventions on reproductive function, with results indicating improvements in menstrual and/or ovulation frequency following exercise. Enhanced insulin sensitivity underpins the mechanisms of how exercise restores reproductive function. Women with PCOS typically have a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for CVD. There is irrefutable evidence that exercise mitigates CVD risk factors in women with PCOS. The mechanism by which exercise improves many CVD risk factors is again associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased hyperinsulinemia. In addition to cardiometabolic and reproductive complications, PCOS has been associated with an increased prevalence of mental health disorders. Exercise improves psychological well-being in women with PCOS, dependent on certain physiological factors. An optimal dose-response relationship to exercise in PCOS may not be feasible because of the highly individualised characteristics of the disorder. Guidelines for PCOS suggest at least 150 min of physical activity per week. Evidence confirms that this should form the basis of any clinician or healthcare professional prescription

Modèles et schémas mixtes pour le contact en dynamique

International audienceOn propose des formulations continues et hybrides pour les problèmes de contact en dynamique. Dans la première formulation, on utilise une modélisation du contact mixant une méthode hybride [3] de type lagrangien augmenté [1] et une méthode de pénalisation. La deuxième s'obtient à partir d'une écriture en vitesse des lois de contact et l'usage de champs de signes en placement et vitesse. La troisième repose sur une écriture mixte vitesse-déplacement. Concernant la discrétisation temporelle, on propose d'utiliser une méthode mixte implicite-explicite

Monogenic diabetes characteristics in a transnational multicenter study from Mediterranean countries

Background: Diagnosis of monogenic diabetes has important clinical implications for treatment and health expenditure. However, its prevalence remains to be specified in many countries, particularly from South Europe, North Africa and Middle-East, where non-autoimmune diabetes in young adults is increasing dramatically. Aims: To identify cases of monogenic diabetes in young adults from Mediterranean countries and assess the specificities between countries. Methods: We conducted a transnational multicenter study based on exome sequencing in 204 unrelated patients with diabetes (age-at-diagnosis: 26.1 ± 9.1 years). Rare coding variants in 35 targeted genes were evaluated for pathogenicity. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, chi-squared test and factor analysis of mixed data. Results: Forty pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, 14 of which novel, were identified in 36 patients yielding a genetic diagnosis rate of 17.6%. The majority of cases were due to GCK, HNF1A, ABCC8 and HNF4A variants. We observed highly variable diagnosis rates according to countries, with association to genetic ancestry. Lower body mass index and HbA1c at study inclusion, and less frequent insulin treatment were hallmarks of pathogenic variant carriers. Treatment changes following genetic diagnosis have been made in several patients. Conclusions: Our data from patients in several Mediterranean countries highlight a broad clinical and genetic spectrum of diabetes, showing the relevance of wide genetic testing for personalized care of early-onset diabetes. © 2020 Elsevier B.V

Using alternative waste coir fibres as a reinforcement in cement-fibre composites

Wood-wood cement boards (WWCB) have been extensively used as ceiling tiles or insulating walls thanks to their good thermal and acoustic properties. Nowadays, the trend is to use sustainable materials like waste fibres. These waste fibres are widely available at a low cost and despite their good properties, are usually landfilled or incinerated. Among them, coir fibres, extracted from the husk of the coconut, are a good candidate to replace conventional fibres in composite materials. However, preliminary results have shown that despite their good physical properties and great cement compatibility, coir fibres cement boards have poor mechanical performances. This is mainly due to the poor interface between the cement and the fibre, leading to a very week fibre/matrix load transfer. The objective of the present study is to produce coir fibres cement boards having the required mechanical properties in order to be used as insulated interior wall or ceiling panels. First, the interfacial properties between the fibres and the cement will be investigated and improved by modifying the surface of the fibres thanks to chemical pre-treatments. Then, the process and design of cement boards will be studied in order to optimize the process, improving the overall properties of the boards. Finally, the mechanical and physical properties of these boards will be measured and compared to conventional WWCB