Analisis Curahan Jam Kerja dan Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan di Kecamatan Pelayangan Kota Jambi

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey yang bertujuan 1) untuk mengetahui gambaran USAhatani padi sawah tadah hujan (budidaya, produksi, biaya dan penerimaan serta tingkat kelayakan). 2) Mempelajari curahan jam kerja dan pendapatan rumah tangga petani pada USAhatani padi sawah tadah hujan dan luar USAhatani padi sawah tadah hujan. 3) Menganalisis kontribusi dan pengaruh curahan jam kerja terhadap pendapatan yang dihasilkan rumah tangga. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik dengan menggunakan metode regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan USAhatani padi sawah tadah hujan memiliki rata-rata produksi sebesar 3.490 kg/ha dengan nilai R/C rasio sebesar 1,16, hal ini berarti USAhatani padi dikatakan layak secara ekonomi. Rumah tangga petani memiliki ketersediaan tenaga kerja sebesar 2,8333 orang, dengan ketersediaan jam kerja 5.712 jam/tahun. Rumah tangga petani mencurahkan jam kerja pada USAhatani padi sebesar 276,5 jam/tahun, luar USAhatani padi 3.106,5 jam/tahun. Pada luar USAhatani padi rumah tangga petani mencurahkan jam kerja pada USAhatani non padi sebesar 124,3 jam/tahun dan non USAhatani 2.982,2 jam/tahun. Kontribusi pendapatan yang dihasilkan dari curahan jam kerja rumah tangga petani pada USAhatani padi sebesar 4,46 persen, luar USAhatani padi 95,54 persen. Dari luar USAhatani padi kontribusi pendapatan yang dihasilkan USAhatani non padi sebesar 15,68 persen, pada non USAhatani 79,86 persen. Curahan jam kerja rumah tangga petani pada USAhatani padi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan yang dihasilkan, sedangkan luar USAhatani padi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pendapatan yang dihasilkan. Dimana pada luar USAhatani padi, curahan jam kerja pada USAhatani non padi dan non USAhatani masing-masing berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap masing-masing pendapatan yang dihasilkan

Kenaf Fiber Composite in Automotive Industry: An Overview

Recently, natural fibers become an attractive to automotive industry as an alternative reinforcement for glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics. Additionally, natural fiber components in the automotive industry can provide numerous advantages compared to synthetic conventional such as reduction of weight and cost,  recyclability, renewability and in addition to eco-efficiency. Thus, the use of natural fibers in automotive industry has shown increasingly stringent environmental criteria. Furthermore, amongst grouped bast fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, ramie and kenaf; kenaf fiber seen as potential natural fiber with robust mechanical properties. Kenaf fiber had been explored to enhance desired mechanical properties as an automotive structural components. As usual, natural fibres have some issues and disadvantages when used as reinforcements for polymeric composites. Therefore, some modification performed on fibers such as chemical treatment was carried out. In addition, the use of a coupling agent and a plasticizer can also increase fiber-matrix adhesive bonding

Effects of fuel ratio on performance and emission of diesel-compressed natural gas (CNG) dual fuel engine

Recent research breakthrough reveals that diesel-CNG dual fuel (DDF) combustion can potentially reduce exhaust emission of internal combustion engines. However, problem arises when knock phenomenon occurs producing high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emission due to uncontrolled blending ratio of diesel-CNG fuel on specific engine load. This study will determine the limit of dual fuel ratio before knock occurrence while analysing performance and exhaust emission of an engine operating with diesel and DDF fuel mode. A 2.5 litre 4-cylinder direct injection common-rail diesel engine was utilised as a test platform. The modelstested were 100% Diesel, 90% DDF, 80% DDF and 70% DDF, representing diesel to CNG mass ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 respectively. It was found that DDF engine performance was lower compared to diesel engine at 1500 rpm engine speed. At higher engine speed, the 70% DDF showed engine performance comparable to diesel engine. However, high HC emission with knock onset and a decrease of Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) emission were recorded. This study suggests the preferred limit of dual fuel ratio should not be lower than 70% DDF which will be able to operate at high engine speed without the occurrence of knock and poor exhaust emission

KEBIJAKAN INTRODUKSI TEKNOLOGI INSEMINASI BUATAN

Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan adalah suatu teknologi yang berkembang saat ini dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas ternak sapi. Teknologi telah dikenal oleh masyarakat bahkan beberapa petani telah mengadopsi teknologi tersebut. Permasalahannya belum semua petani dapat memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji sejauhmana kebijakan pemerintah dalam menerapkan teknologi Inseminasi Buatan. Metode penelitian adalah metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah metode PRA. Lokasi sampel ditentukan secara purposive yaitu kecamatan yang telah memanfaatkan teknologi Inseminasi Buatan. Responden adalah peternak yang telah memanfaatkan teknologi Inseminasi Buatan. Responden kunci adalah pejabat Dinas Pertanian Peternakan dan Inseminator. Analisis data adalah deskriptif. Ternak sapi di wilayah penelitian menjadi unggulan masyarakat sebagai sumber pendapatan mereka. Pengembangan ternak sapi ditunjang oleh ketersediaan sumberdaya lokal. Strategi dan kebijakan pemerintah dalam mendorong peningkatan populasi ternak sapi adalah dicanangkan kebijakan optimalisasi inseminasi buatan. Pemerintah juga membuat kebijakan penyediaan sarana prasaran diantaranya tersedianya pos Inseminasi Buatan yang layak untuk tiap satu kecamatan. Kebijakan yang lain adalah mengadakan pelatihan inseminator. Kebijakan ini direspon baik oleh petani sapi potong. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan introduksi Inseminasi Buatan membantu petani dalam meningkatkan produktivitas ternak sapi potong. Petani yang telah mengikuti program Inseminasi Buatan 100 persen menghasilkan anak. Saran perlu sosialisasi kebijakan yang telah dicanangkan pemerintah. Kata kunci : Kebijakan, introduksi, teknologi, inseminasi buatanARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION TECHNOLOGY  INTRODUCTION POLICY Artificial Insemination Technology was a technology that was developing in order to increase the productivity of cattle. Technology was known to the public and even some farmers had adopted this technology. The problem was that not all farmers can take advantage of this technology. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the extent of government policies in implementing Artificial Insemination technology. The research method was a survey method with the data collection technique used was the PRA method. The location of the sample was determined purposively, namely the districts that had used Artificial Insemination technology. Respondents were farmers who had used Artificial Insemination technology. Key respondents were officials from the Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Inseminators. The data analysis was descriptive. Cattle in the research area were the community's leading sources of income. Cattle development was supported by the availability of local resources. The government's strategy and policy in encouraging an increase in the population of cattle was the implementation of an artificial insemination optimization policy. The government had also made a policy for providing infrastructure, including the availability of appropriate Artificial Insemination posts for each district. Another policy was to hold inseminator training. This policy had been responded well by cattle farmers. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the introduction of Artificial Insemination policy helps farmers in increasing the productivity of cattle. Farmers who had followed the Artificial Insemination program 100 percent produce calves. Suggestions need to socialize policies launched by the government. Keywords: Policy, introduction, technology, artificial inseminatio

Visual performance and motorcycle safety-related impacts of various high beam headlight intensities

In Malaysia, the three main types of motorcycle accidents include collision with passenger cars, collision with other motorcycles and single-motorcycle accidents. An accident may occur due to the lack of road design consistency and visibility where most drivers make more errors in the absence of geometric features. One of the most important barriers to the more frequent use of high beam headlight is the length of visibility of the headlight beam in relation to the stopping distance of a vehicle. Furthermore, it is crucial to evaluate the current limits on the luminous intensity of high beam headlights that is considered visible for a driver to come to a stop. Therefore, this first stage study summarizes and investigates the stopping sight distances, braking distances that allow for the evaluation of the vehicle's performance to increase the capability of both the driver and vehicle with regard to safety. A total of ten experiments were carried out with a passenger car, the Perodua Myvi, on a road within a local university. The results found that Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) could be used to determine the SSD graph by considering the velocity (v0), driver’s perception reaction time (tR), coefficient of breaking friction (fT), gravitational constant (g), deceleration rate (a) and roadway grade (G). The study also concludes that SSD could be used to determine the SSD graph by considering the velocity (v0), driver’s perception reaction time (tR), coefficient of breaking friction (fT), gravitational constant (g), deceleration rate (a) and roadway grade (G). Ultimately, the study also indicates that the time to switch to hi-beam (Automatic High Beam – AHB) is at SSD distance (meter or second)

An All-Optical Frequency Up/Down-Converter Utilizing Stimulated Brillouin Scattering In A Trf And Dcf For Rof Application

A frequency up and down conversion is proposed based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) for Radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. Microwave frequency up conversion from 2GHz to 12.5GHz and microwave frequency down conversion from 12.5GHz to 1.8GHz with largest Intermediate Frequency (IF) power of -32dBm is successfully demonstrated. The up conversion is based on the 1st Stokes of Brillouin fiber laser in Truewave reach fiber (TWF) and the down conversion is based on 1st AntiStokes of Brillouin fiber laser in Dispersion compensating fiber (DCF)

Impacts of various high beam headlight intensities on driver visibility and road safety

Based on several studies, driving above certain speed at night while using low beam headlights has been found to result in insufficient visibility to respond to road hazards. Luckily, vehicle headlight technology has advanced so much and the system is commercially available in many parts of the world. However, the technical development for optimal photometric performance raises a few questions. The use of high beam headlight system creates a glare to drivers of oncoming and preceding vehicles (because of both oncoming headlights and preceding taillights), to the extent that it has become necessary to determine the need to put a limit on the luminous intensity of high-beam headlights. This study shall therefore summarize and investigate visual performance that allows for evaluation of the potential benefits of increased luminous intensity by considering glare rating related to safety. Two different car models; the Proton Prevé and the Perodua Myvi were used in the experiments. The results showed that the highest average illuminance [lux] for single vehicle was 17.5, 7.5, 5.0 and 1.0 for the distances of 30m, 60m, 120m and 150m. However, the average illuminance based on total number of vehicles was 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 and 0.0 at distances of 30m, 60m, 120m and 150m, which were considered below maximum recommended safety level (max. 9.0 – 11.0 lux). The current average vehicle high-beam headlight control was found at the level of acceptable glare control (glare to oncoming and preceding drivers) and below the maximum level of illuminance rate with the normal speed of 40 km/h

Automated attendance management and alert system

“Automated Attendance Management and Alert System (AAMAS)” was developed to help UiTM lecturers and Academic Affairs Department in monitoring students’ absenteeism and improving the absenteeism record management. AAMAS provides various functions, from managing and recording students’ attendance record, to sending automatic alerts to students with high absenteeism via short messaging system (SMS) and email. The system is also able to track the number of alerts sent. Through AAMAS, a significant amount of time and money can be saved, for instance time needed to fill out forms and issue notification letters manually can be minimized significantly. Besides, message interception, human resources and human errors can also be reduced. AAMAS which was tailored to UiTM could be also enhanced and custom-made to cater other learning institutions’ requirements throughout Malaysia.Keywords: automated system; attendance management; system development

A simple load sensor based on a bent single-mode–multimode–single-mode fiber structure

A load sensor is demonstrated using a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber structure, which is sandwiched between two CR-39 plastic polymer plates. A larger effective transverse strain can be achieved when the distance, D2, between the stage and the edge of the multimode fiber is larger. A higher sensitivity is obtained when D2 = 7 cm with a value of −0.0102 nm/mN, as compared to −0.0027 nm/mN when D2 = 3 cm. In contrast, an FBG integrated in a similar manner has shown an indiscernible change in the wavelength shift as compared to that produced by the SMS device. The result indicates that the proposed SMS device is suitable for sensing a small load or transverse strain with a reasonably high sensitivity