256 research outputs found
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Biliary Carriage of Bacteria Showing Worrisome and Unexpected Resistance Traits
Data on biliary carriage of bacteria and, specifically, of bacteria with worrisome and unexpected resistance traits (URB) are lacking.
A prospective study (April 2010 to December 2011) was performed that included all patients admitted for<48 h for elective
laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a Spanish hospital. Bile samples were cultured and epidemiological/clinical data recorded. Logistic
regression models (stepwise) were performed using bactobilia or bactobilia by URB as dependent variables. Models (P<
0.001) showing the highest R2 values were considered. A total of 198 patients (40.4% males; age, 55.3 17.3 years) were included.
Bactobilia was found in 44 of them (22.2%). The presence of bactobilia was associated (R2 Cox, 0.30) with previous biliary endoscopic
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (odds ratio [OR], 8.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.96 to 27.06; P<
0.001), previous admission (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.10 to 7.24; P 0.031), and age (OR, 1.09 per year; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.12; P<
0.001). Ten out of the 44 (22.7%) patients with bactobilia carried URB: 1 Escherichia coli isolate (CTX-M), 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate (OXA-48), 3 high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci, 1 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolate, 3 Enterobacter
cloacae strains, and 1 imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Bactobilia by URB (versus those by non-URB)
was only associated (R2 Cox, 0.19) with previous ERCP (OR, 11.11; 95% CI, 1.98 to 62.47; P 0.006). For analyses of patients
with bactobilia by URB versus the remaining patients, previous ERCP (OR, 35.284; 95% CI, 5.320 to 234.016; P<0.001), previous
intake of antibiotics (OR, 7.200; 95% CI, 0.962 to 53.906; P 0.050), and age (OR, 1.113 per year of age; 95% CI, 1.028 to
1.206; P 0.009) were associated with bactobilia by URB (R2 Cox, 0.19; P<0.001). Previous antibiotic exposure (in addition to
age and previous ERCP) was a risk driver for bactobilia by URB. This may have implications in prophylactic/therapeutic
measures
Massive facial edema and airway obstruction secondary to acute postoperative sialadenitis or "anesthesia mumps": a case report
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
A unique cause of hemoperitoneum: spontaneous rupture of a splenic hemangiopericytoma
Non-traumatic hemoperitoneum may be catastrophic if it is not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is critical to identify this clinical picture and treat any active bleeding. We report the first case in the literature (to our knowledge) of spontaneous hemoperitoneum caused by a cystic splenic hemangiopericytoma. Hemangiopericytomas represent a small subset of soft tissue sarcomas. They rarely originate in the spleen as a primary tumor, with only ten cases having been previously described. The difficulty of predicting the prognosis and clinical behavior of these lesions has been repeatedly stressed. The literature concerning this rare and unusual neoplasm is reviewed
Factors that hinder access to and persistence in post-compulsory education: a challenge for vulnerable groups in Spain
Post-compulsory education constitutes a stage of heightened vulnerability for certain young people who face conditions of inequality. Young people with disabilities or from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds, immigrants, Romani, and women are the primary vulnerable groups in Spain. In addition, other circumstances may present a challenge to gaining admission to, persisting in and successfully graduating from post-compulsory education. Although belonging to one of these groups does not present an obstacle for certain young people in the continuation of their studies, for others, being a member of a vulnerable group poses a challenge on a daily basis. This article seeks to identify the factors that render it difficult for young people belonging to vulnerable groups to continue their post-compulsory studies in Spain. This study has identified familial, personal, institutional, and systemic factors that may explain why certain young people do not have access to post-compulsory schooling or drop out before completing their studies
Whole-body vibration training induces hypertrophy of the human patellar tendon
I Brage finner du siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på onlinelibrary.wiley.com / In Brage you'll find the final text version of the article, and it may contain insignificant differences from the journal's pdf version. The definitive version is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.comAnimal studies suggest that regular exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) induces an anabolic response in bone and tendon. However, the effects of this type of intervention on human tendon properties and its influence on the muscle-tendon unit function have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of WBV training on the patellar tendon mechanical, material and morphological properties, the quadriceps muscle architecture and the knee extension torque–angle relationship. Fifty-five subjects were randomized into either a vibration, an active control, or an inactive control group. The active control subjects performed isometric squats on a vibration platform without vibration. Muscle and tendon properties were measured using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Vibration training induced an increase in proximal (6.3%) and mean (3.8%) tendon cross-sectional area, without any appreciable change in tendon stiffness and modulus or in muscle architectural parameters. Isometric torque at a knee angle of 90° increased in active controls (6.7%) only and the torque–angle relation remained globally unchanged in all groups. The present protocol did not appreciably alter knee extension torque production or the musculo-tendinous parameters underpinning this function. Nonetheless, this study shows for the first time that WBV elicits tendon hypertrophy in humans.Seksjon for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc
BMD loci contribute to ethnic and developmental differences in skeletal fragility across populations: Assessment of evolutionary selection pressures
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait used both for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in adults and to assess bone health in children. Ethnic differences in BMD have been documented, with markedly higher levels in individuals of African descent, which partially explain disparity in osteoporosis risk across populations. To date, 63 independent genetic variants have been associated with BMD in adults of Northern-European ancestry. Here, we demonstrate that at least 61 of these variants are predictive of BMD early in life by studying their compound effect within two multiethnic pediatric cohorts. Furthermore, we show that within these cohorts and across populations worldwide the frequency of those alleles associated with increased BMD is systematically elevated in individuals of Sub-Saharan African ancestry. The amount of differentiation in the BMD genetic scores among Sub-Saharan and non-Sub-Saharan populations together with neutrality tests, suggest that these allelic differences are compatible with the hypothesis of selective pressures acting on the genetic determinants of BMD. These findings constitute an explorative contribution to the role of selection on ethnic BMD differences and likely a new example of polygenic adaptation acting on a human trait
Sex-related variation in compact bone microstructure of the femoral diaphysis in juvenile rabbits
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While gross morphological changes in the skeleton between males and females are well know, differences between sexes in the histomorphology are less known. It is important to have knowledge on the bone structure of rabbits, as this is a widely used species in biomedical research. A study was performed to evaluate the association between sex and the compact bone morphology of the femoral diaphysis in juvenile rabbits.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventeen clinically healthy 2–3 month-old rabbits (9 females, 8 males) were included in the study. The rabbits were euthanized and the right femur was sampled for analysis. 70–80 microns thick bone sections of the femoral diaphysis were prepared using standard histological equipment. The qualitative histological characteristics were determined according to internationally accepted classification systems while the quantitative parameters were assessed using the software Scion Image. Areas, perimeters, minimum and maximum diameters of primary osteons' vascular canals, Haversian canals and secondary osteons were measured. Additionally, blood plasma concentrations of progesterone, corticosterone, IGF-I, testosterone and estradiol were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Qualitative histological characteristics were similar for both sexes. However, variations of certain quantitative histological characteristics were identified. Measured parameters of the primary osteons' vascular canals were higher in males than for females. On the other hand, females had significant higher values of secondary osteons parameters. Differences in Haversian canals parameters were only significant for minimum diameter.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study demonstrated that quantitative histological characteristics of compact bone tissue of the femoral diaphysis in juvenile rabbits were sex dependent. The variations may be associated with different growth and modeling of the femur through influence by sex-specific steroids, mechanical loads, genetic factors and a multitude of other sources. The results can be applied in experimental studies focusing on comparison of the skeletal biology of the sexes.</p
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