Cigányok és négerek az iskolában

Mindenki róluk beszél, őket hibáztatja, meg az iskolát, amelyik szegregál, erősíti a társadalmi különbségeket. Mindenki erről beszél, de senki nem beszél arról, hogy miért termeli újra az iskola saját, látszólagos erőfeszítése ellenére a társadalmi különbségeket. Forró téma. A többség azt gondolja, hogy a cigányok taníthatatlanok, buták, lusták, csak a szociális segélyért tartják a markukat

Tendencias y causas de las migraciones desde el Este de Europa hacia Irlanda y Reino Unido durante los primeros años de la ampliación

Como es bien sabido, Reino Unido, Irlanda y Suecia abrieron sus mercados de trabajo a la vez que se producía la ampliación de la UE a los ocho nuevos estados miembros, es decir, el 1 de mayo de 2004. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar la libre circulación de trabajadores cinco años después de la primera ronda de ampliación de la UE. Aunque la segunda ronda de 2007 también produjo importantes cambios, ha pasado poco tiempo para poder analizar sus consecuencias. Por ello, nos centramos en el patrón de emigración de los ocho nuevos estados miembros, destacando como destinos Reino Unido e Irlanda, debido a su "política de puertas abiertas". Desde 2007 no se observan grandes impactos en el mercado de trabajo de los países receptores (por ejemplo, los datos de Irlanda confirman que durante los primeros años del 2000 la inmigración fue principalmente fruto de la demanda). Aún queda por ver, sin embargo, cuáles serán los efectos de la actual crisis económica y financiera. Aunque parece que el flujo de inmigrantes decrece, los cambios en la composición de las migraciones aún no están claros.________________________As is well known, the UK, Ireland and Sweden opened their labour markets already at the time of the accession of the eight East-European Member States i.e. on May 1, 2004. The main objective of the article is to examine free circulation of labour five years after the first round of EU enlargement. Although the second round of 2007 brought about also important changes, time is too short to analyse their trends. Therefore, the main focus is on immigration pattern of the 8 East-European Member States to those destinations, where as a result of their ‘open door policy’, the inflow was substantial, i.e. Ireland and the UK. Up to 2007 major impact on overall labour market outcomes in the host economies could not be found (for example, Irish data confirmed that in the first years of 2000s immigration was primarily demand-driven). It remains to be seen, however, what the impacts of the current economic and financial crisis would be. Whereas it seems likely that the inflow would decline, the impacts on the composition of migrants are still unclear

A szegények Summerhillje. George Dennison A gyerekek életéből. Az „Első utcai” iskola története című könyvéről

„A tanulás élménye egy teljesség megélése. A gyerek érzi a maga ereinek egységet, és az őt körülvevő emberek folytonosságát. A szülei, a barátai, tanárai [...] egy jövendő világot képesek elé rajzolni, és ő ebben a világban érzi a saját lehetséges erejét. Minden, ami megkurtítja ezt a teljességet, az nem teljes értékű tanulás. Gyerekek, akik eltárolnak tényeket, és papagájként visszaadják a válaszokat (mint azt John Holt az „Iskolai kudarcok” c. könyvében bemutatta), nagy aggodalmaktól szenvednek. Amikor emberekhez kapcsolódnak, akkor ebben nincs benne, hogy érzik erejüket, hanem elnyomják saját igényeiket. A lázadó gyerekek jobban ragaszkodnak az ösztöneikhez, de ők szenvednek a biztonságérzet hiányától a konfliktusok miatt, melyek az emberekkel kapcsolatban érik őket

Comparative synphysiological studies on Brachypodium pinnatum dominated forest- and steppe-type grasslands

The lack of community-level, synphysiological investigations inspired us to plan a study on Brachypodium pinnatum grasslands, well-known objects of local long-term coenological and dynamical examinations in Hungary. After removing every species but B. pinnatum, CO2 gas exchange responses by the grass stands indicated the difference in the degree of water-stress between the two investigated habitats. However, in intact community measurements these responses are masked by the presence of other species, by the change of species coexistence patterns and by different light conditions. We conclude that to understand the physiological performance of a dominant species in a plant community and also the photosynthetic behaviour of the whole community, considering the coenological aspect and examining the intensity of photosynthesis at a level of organization higher than the population level are essential

Charge storage at Pt/YSZ interface as the origin of `permanent´ electrochemical promotion of catalysis

Tuning of the catalytic reaction rate by electric polarization of the interface between an electron conducting catalyst and an ion conducting support, called electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC), is most often fully reversible. Its state-of-the-art model regards the gas-exposed catalyst surface as the unique location of charge storage via backspillover of electrochemically generated species, responsible for promotion. After long-lasting anodic polarization, a permanent effect (P-EPOC) was observed in ethylene combustion with oxygen over Pt/YSZ catalyst. Double step chronoamperometric and linear sweep voltammetric analysis revealed delayed oxygen storage, located presumably at the vicinity of the catalyst/electrolyte interface. It is proposed that oxygen stored at this location, hence hidden for the reactants and then released during relaxation, was at the origin of the observed P-EPOC. The effect of this ´hidden´ promoter on the catalytic reaction rate was found to be highly non Faradaic

EU migrants and benefits: how does the UK compare to other member states?

Klára Fóti has analysed the impact of freedom of movement on the public services of different member states in a Eurofound report, Social dimension of intra-EU mobility: impact on public services. This post consists of extracts from that report. The first examines the right to equal access to public services and benefits enjoyed by EU migrants – a key aspect of the UK’s renegotiation – and the ways in which different countries interpret it. A further extract looks at the take-up of benefits and social housing among EU migrants