Positive mental health and wellbeing

The past 20 years have seen an explosion of interest in positive approaches to mental health, happiness, and wellbeing. While these concepts vary considerably from one another, they act as bridges between Global Mental Health and the broader arena of national and international policymaking. This chapter begins by sketching out some of the trajectories across different academic and policy fields that have contributed to this field and provides a critical discussion of the key concepts of ‘subjective wellbeing’ and ‘psychological wellbeing’. It then considers two very different ways that positive approaches are being pursued in policy and practice in the Global South: psychosocial wellbeing in the context of disasters and humanitarian crises, and political mobilisation around notions of ‘living well’ in Latin America.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39510-8_7pubpu

The role and experience of local faith leaders in promoting child protection: a case study from Malawi

Frequently, community based strategies include engagement with local faith leaders. However, there have been few systematic attempts to document how faith leaders themselves define their roles in these initiatives. This study examined local faith leaders and their spouses, in flood affected areas of Malawi, who had been oriented to child protection issues through World Vision workshops aimed explicitly at relating protection concerns to religious teachings. Many participants reported that attending a workshop had been transformational in terms of their perspectives regarding the protection of children. The key child protection issues identified by participants included child marriage, lack of attendance at school, child labour (including forced labour), harsh physical punishment and sexual abuse. Many faith leaders - and their wives - became active in addressing child protection issues as a result of the programme, although the form of this action varied widely and was significantly influenced by their varied status and capacities.sch_iih16pub5074pub

Control de inventarios para mejorar la rentabilidad de la empresa Comercial Arellano en Tayabamba - La Libertad 2018-2019

La presente investigación titulada Control de inventarios para mejorar la rentabilidad de la empresa Comercial Arellano en Tayabamba - La Libertad, tiene como objetivo general, conocer como es el control de inventarios y la rentabilidad en la empresa Comercial Arellano. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa de diseño no experimental de alcance descriptivo – propositivo, se contó con dos poblaciones, las cuales fueron 2 colaboradores de la empresa y los estados financieros de la misma. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la encuesta, la observación y el análisis documental con sus respectivos instrumentos, cuestionario, lista de cotejo y la guía de análisis documental. Como conclusión, se pudo evidenciar que existe un deficiente control de inventarios, lo que ocasiona pérdidas de los productos, por otro lado, se conoció la rentabilidad de la empresa mediante el sistema Dupont, los cuáles se ven afectados con la implementación del sistema propuesto

Child protection practices and attitudes of faith leaders across Senegal, Uganda, and Guatemala

Kanykey Jailobaeva - ORCID: 0000-0002-1316-8449 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1316-8449Karin Diaconu - ORCID: 0000-0002-5810-9725 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-9725Alastair Ager - ORCID: 0000-0002-9474-3563 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-3563Faith leaders are well-positioned to address violence against children, but the extent to which they do so is unclear. This mixed-method study examined faith leaders’ child protection practices, attitudes towards child rights, and views around physical punishment in Senegal, Uganda, and Guatemala. Child protection practices—specifically listening to children and reporting abuse—were strongest among faith leaders in Uganda, although they also most favored use of physical punishment. Overall, findings documented how faith leaders play an important role in promoting the wellbeing of children in their communities. Building on this contribution, however, requires sensitivity to important contextual differences.This work was supported by World Vision.https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2021.187413119pubpub

Influencia de la temperatura y pH con serratia marcescens en biorremoción de plomo (Pb) de la quebrada La Victoria, Santiago de Chuco

La contaminación por metales pesados es uno de los problemas más comunes en el Perú, los cuales generan un daño en las aguas de los ríos, lagos, entre otros, frente a este problema el objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la influencia de la temperatura y pH con la bacteria Serratia marcescens en la biorremoción de plomo de la quebrada La Victoria, Santiago De Chuco, en donde se tomó como población al volumen total del agua de la quebrada La Victoria, comprendiendo una muestra de 15 L. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) para Pb con la bacteria Serratia marcescens, siendo estas: 0.5 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 3.0 ppm y 10 ppm; al mismo tiempo la bacteria fue sometida a pruebas de crecimiento con pH 3, pH 5 y pH 7. Las pruebas de biorremoción se generaron a nivel de laboratorio, empleando biorreactores conteniendo 500 mL de muestra de agua con una concentración inicial de 0.268 mg Pb/L, que estuvo en contacto con el biosorbente bacteriano (Serratia marcescens) bajo condiciones constantes de 24 horas por tratamiento, 120 rpm y una concentración de 108 ufc/mL. Se realizaron 06 tratamientos con 03 repeticiones cada uno tomando como variables al pH y la Temperatura, siendo estas: pH 5, pH 7 y 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C respectivamente. Cada tratamiento fue analizado por el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, en el cual el resultado más favorable fue para el pH 5 con una temperatura de 35 °C, dando un porcentaje de remoción del 63.9%, en donde fue el dato más cercano al ECA de categoría 1 A2 (0.05) confirmando que la temperatura y el pH tienen una alta influencia en la bacteria Serratia marcescens para los tratamientos de biorremoción

Photolytic and thermolytic decomposition products from iron pentacarbonyl adsorbed on Y zeolite

Zeolite supported iron systems obtained by photolysis and thermolysis of Fe(CO)5/Na---Y adducts are characterized via evaluation of the respective magnetic isotherms taken with a FONER magnetometer at T = 4.2 K. Thermolysis under fast heating in inert gas and under fluidized shallow bed conditions completes within a few minutes at not, vert, similar 500 K, and gives iron clusters of which at least 70 to 90 wt% is smaller than 1 nm. Prolonged photolysis at 290 K in the same fluidized bed conditions does not result in the formation of ‘naked’ iron(O) clusters, but gives a limited fraction of magnetically coupled Fex(CO)y entities. Photodimerization cannot be excluded to be the main reaction path

An In Vitro Study of the Effects of Temperature and pH on Lead Bioremoval Using Serratia marcescens

Heavy metal contamination of water is a widespread problem in Peru and represents a potential threat to the ecosystem. Bacteria are an ecological alternative to treating these effluents. This research aims to determine the influence of temperature and pH on the lead (Pb) bioremoval in surface water using Serratia marcescens under laboratory conditions. The sample was collected from a stream located in Santiago de Chuco City (Peru). Treatments (T) were carried out by combining pH (5 and 7) and temperature (25, 30, and 35 °C). The bacterial inoculum (S. marcescens) was 3 × 108 CFU/mL, which was constant in all treatments. The lead bioremoval evaluation was performed in an airlift bioreactor and the incubation time was 24 h. The total lead concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that treatment 6 (temperature: 35 °C, pH: 5, and inoculum: 3 × 108 UFC/mL) showed a better result than the other treatments, with a removal value of 63.94%. Furthermore, the total lead concentration decreased from an initial concentration of 0.268 mg Pb/L to a final value of 0.0964 mg Pb/L. These results are still above the allowed water value (15 µg/L) according to Peruvian standards. On the other hand, temperature and pH influenced lead removal from surface water when S. marcescens was used after a short incubation period (24 h). Although an attempt was made to improve lead bioremoval by varying two parameters, temperature and pH, future research is still needed to investigate the effect of different inoculum concentrations, the use of microbial consortia, and a broader range of physicochemical parameters

Mending the Levee: How Supernaturally Anchored Conceptions of the Person Impact on Trauma Perception and Healing among Children (Cases from Madagascar and Nepal)

When dealing with children and youth who experience distressing events, psychosocial diagnostics and healing programmes principally resort to biomedical models. Children are often viewed as individualised ‘victims’ suffering from trauma and ‘in need’ of outside help. Highlighting case studies from Madagascar and Nepal, this article argues that the biomedical approach to trauma would be strengthened by a concomitant analysis of social networks, including the perceived relations with the supernatural. The various tandems of family and kin relationships, the living and the dead, constitute not only a social ‘levee’ breached by distressing events, but also the locus around which social relations are rebuilt

Tensions in conceptualising psychosocial wellbeing in Angola: The marginalisation of religion and spirituality

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Alleviating psychosocial suffering: an analysis of approaches to coping with war-related distress in Angola.

This study investigates the role that the notions of trauma and culture play in relation to the alleviation of distress within an war-affected population. It analyses how local, cultural conceptions of distress and those held by psychological service providers relate to one another, and how they contribute to improving the well-being of the displaced. Fieldwork was conducted with urban and rural displaced populations in the south-eastern province of Huila in Angola. Ethnographic, psychometric and participatory methods were used to examine issues of health, illness and distress amongst the displaced. Local idioms of distress in the form of pensamentos, mutima, madness and high and low blood pressure are common ways of expressing suffering related to war. The different explanatory models held about these illnesses and the various resources available in the popular, folk and professionals sectors of the health care system were explored. The religious and spiritual domains were found to be influential in the treatment of distress-related illnesses. The psychological services available in the war-displaced communities were examined in terms of their common theoretical and practical elements. These were then analysed in relation to the conceptualisations held by local populations, and points of similarity and difference were noted. Specifically, the conceptualisation of suffering as trauma and the cultural misunderstandings that arise as a result of this, and the representation of the displaced as traumatised and therefore dependent and passive people, are discussed. A particular subgroup in the community, the adolescents, was identified and participatory methods were employed to investigate the strategies and resources this group uses for coping with war-related distress. The youths predominantly make use of distraction, conselho, religious and cultural resources. The application of a PTSD scale, the EARAT, suggests that 71% of the adolescents had symptoms of trauma consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD. It is argued that for the vast majority such a conceptualisation does not reflect the adolescents' abilities to function on social, vocational, educational and physical levels. The implications of these findings for research and practice in the field of psychosocial work are discussed.sub_iihdunpub168_ethesesunpu