MITOLOGIZACJA I POLITYZACJA HISTORII: CO MOŻEMY WIEDZIEĆ, CO MOŻEMY ZROBIĆ I CZEGO MOŻEMY SIĘ SPODZIEWAĆ?

MITOLOGIZACJA I POLITYZACJA HISTORII: CO MOŻEMY WIEDZIEĆ, CO MOŻEMY ZROBIĆ I CZEGO MOŻEMY SIĘ SPODZIEWAĆ

LUBELSKA SZKOŁA METODOLOGII HISTORII W INSTYTUCIE HISTORII UMCS W LUBLINIE

The Department of Methodology of History and History of Historiography began functioning at Lublin’s Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Institute of History in 1987. Th e establishment of the Department was initiated by Professor Jan Pomorski, who became its Head and has since held this position. Other faculty members are: Dr Ewa Solska, Dr Hab. Piotr Witek and Dr Hab. Marek Woźniak, Associate Professor.The Department embraces historians, theorists of history science, methodologists of sciences, whose methodological style and training developed under infl uence of the Poznań Methodology School ( Jerzy Topolski, Jerzy Kmita, Anna Pałubicka), Andrzej F. Grabski’s model of history of historiography, Robert A. Rosenstone’s visual history, the social constructivism of Nelson Goodman, Peter L. Berger and Th omas Luckman or Stanley Fish, the neopragmatism of Richard Rorty and Hilary Putnam, Th omas Kuhn’s historicism, the poststructuralism of Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault, the hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, the cognitive grammar of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, the narrativism of Hayden White and Franklin Ankersmit, Cliff ord Geertz’s interpretive anthropology, and the tradition of the Lvov Warsaw School (Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Roman Ingarden) and analytical philosophy.Th e teachers of the Department of Methodology of History conduct research in the following fi elds: methodology of history, history of historiography, neuroscience in the context of humanistic research, visual history, public history, digital humanities, cognitive science, and contemporary theories of literature. Th ey conduct classes with students in methodology of history, history of historiography, history of philosophy, production of historical films, in designing historical games, knowledge of museums, and introduction to media studies. The Department’s faculty are co-originators and co-authors of programs taught at two specializations in historical studies: Management of Cultural Heritage and Commercialization of Historical Knowledge, and Applied History. Both specializations train and prepare students to practice history in the field of public history.The teachers of the UMCS Department of Methodology of History together with its doctoral and graduate students eff ectively collaborate with many methodological and historiographical centers in Poland and abroad. They successfully develop and bring into effect Professor Jerzy Topolski’s idea of the need to carry out theoretical refl ection on academic historiography (research practice of historians), broadening it with considerations on public history.The Department of Methodology of History and History of Historiography began functioning at Lublin’s Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Institute of History in 1987. Th e establishment of the Department was initiated by Professor Jan Pomorski, who became its Head and has since held this position. Other faculty members are: Dr Ewa Solska, Dr Hab. Piotr Witek and Dr Hab. Marek Woźniak, Associate Professor.The Department embraces historians, theorists of history science, methodologists of sciences, whose methodological style and training developed under infl uence of the Poznań Methodology School ( Jerzy Topolski, Jerzy Kmita, Anna Pałubicka), Andrzej F. Grabski’s model of history of historiography, Robert A. Rosenstone’s visual history, the social constructivism of Nelson Goodman, Peter L. Berger and Th omas Luckman or Stanley Fish, the neopragmatism of Richard Rorty and Hilary Putnam, Th omas Kuhn’s historicism, the poststructuralism of Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault, the hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, the cognitive grammar of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, the narrativism of Hayden White and Franklin Ankersmit, Cliff ord Geertz’s interpretive anthropology, and the tradition of the Lvov Warsaw School (Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Roman Ingarden) and analytical philosophy.Th e teachers of the Department of Methodology of History conduct research in the following fi elds: methodology of history, history of historiography, neuroscience in the context of humanistic research, visual history, public history, digital humanities, cognitive science, and contemporary theories of literature. Th ey conduct classes with students in methodology of history, history of historiography, history of philosophy, production of historical films, in designing historical games, knowledge of museums, and introduction to media studies. The Department’s faculty are co-originators and co-authors of programs taught at two specializations in historical studies: Management of Cultural Heritage and Commercialization of Historical Knowledge, and Applied History. Both specializations train and prepare students to practice history in the field of public history.The teachers of the UMCS Department of Methodology of History together with its doctoral and graduate students eff ectively collaborate with many methodological and historiographical centers in Poland and abroad. They successfully develop and bring into effect Professor Jerzy Topolski’s idea of the need to carry out theoretical refl ection on academic historiography (research practice of historians), broadening it with considerations on public history

Teoria historii i badanie wartości. W stronę apologii upraktycznienia

Das Ziel des Artikels ist die Untersuchung der Axiologie der historischen Forschung und Bildung, eines früher marginalisierten Bereichs der methodologischen Reflexion. Die Hauptprämisse für das Bedürfnis, eine getrennte Axiologie der Geschichtswissenschaft zu bilden, ist die Tatsache, dass es schwierig ist, über die Vergangenheit (besonders wissenschaftlich) zu schreiben, und dass die Geschichtswissenschaft an sich unter dem Gesichtspunkt eigener Geschichte und Theorie ein axiologisches Problem bildet. Daher die nächste These, dass sich die Axiologie der Geschichte auf der Feststellung „des praktischen Sinnes“ der Arbeit eines Historikers konzentrieren soll, der vielleicht in der intellektuellen Geschichte Europas zu finden ist. Die vorgeschlagene Axiologie der Geschichte gründet also auf der Überlegung der Postulate der praktischen Vernunft im historischen Diskurs, auf der Untersuchung der Frage, ob Plato die Historiker aus dem Staat vertreiben würde und auf der Analyse des Begriffs des Praktischwerdens, der zwei Kategorien konnotiert: praktisches Denken und historische Praxis. Zur Ergänzung lege ich die Idee eines axiologisch engagierten Forschers auch im Kontext der Loyalität, des Nonkonformismus und der Inkompatibilität solcher Werte wie Patriotismus, Objektivität und Streben nach Wahrheit vor dem Hintergrund der ausgewählten Fragen der Sozialpolitik dar.The purpose of this study is to consider the axiology of historical research and learning – the previously marginalized area of methodological reflection. A given thesis states, that the theory of a scientific field is essentially a study of values in every sphere of methodological analysis. The main question among the premises to distinguish the axiology of history as a part of methodological research is this: why is it difficult to write about the past (especially in the scientific mode), assuming that historiography itself is an axiological problem, in the perspective of its own history and theory. Hence another thesis, that the axiology of history would focus on determining the “practical sense” of a historian’s work, which can be found in the intellectual history of our (European) culture. The introduced conceptualization is composed by: the postulates of practical reason in historical discourse; the question: would Plato proscribe historiography and banish historians from his politeia; and the notion of “practicization” which connotes two categories: practical reasoning and historical practice. To comlement the analysis the topic of an „axiologically involved researcher” is raised in the context of loyalism and nonconformity, and incompatibilities between values, as well as several issues concerning science policy.Celem artykułu jest analiza aksjologii badań i edukacji historycznej, marginalizowanego wcześniej obszaru refleksji metodologicznej. Formułuję tezę, że teoria danej dziedziny naukowej to w istocie badanie obecnych w różnych sferach analizy metodologicznej wartości. Główną przesłanką potrzeby wyodrębnienia aksjologii historii jest fakt, że trudno jest pisać o przeszłości (zwłaszcza w sposób naukowy), a historiografia w perspektywie własnych dziejów i własnej teorii sama stanowi problem aksjologiczny. Stąd kolejna teza, że aksjologia historii powinna skoncentrować się na ustalaniu „praktycznego sensu” pracy historyka, który być może można znaleźć w  intelektualnej historii Europy. Proponowana aksjologia historii formuje się zatem poprzez rozważenie postulatów rozumu praktycznego w dyskursie historycznym, analizę  kwestii, czy Platon wypędziłby historyków z państwa oraz analizę pojęcia „upraktycznienia”, które konotuje dwie kategorie: rozumowanie praktyczne oraz praktykę historyczną. Dla uzupełnienia, ideę badacza „aksjologicznie zaangażowanego” przedstawiam również w kontekście lojalizmu i nonkonformizmu, niekompatybilności takich wartości, jak patriotyzm, bezstronność i dążenie do prawdy oraz w kontekście wybranych zagadnień polityki społecznej

Projekt „e-TV-Historia” wobec audiowizualnego idiomu współczesnych badań i edukacji historycznej

The Author examines an implementation-research project of Internet television, devoted to the popularization of knowledge about the contemporary historical studies and education, which in the future could be a platform of visual history. Specific premises and broader (including historical) context of the project were discussed, with emphasis on methodological issues related to the multimedia dimension of historical research and learning history.Autorka rozpatruje projekt badawczo-wdrożeniowy telewizji internetowej, poświęcony popularyzacji wiedzy o badaniach i edukacji historycznej, który w przyszłości może stać się platformą historii wizualnej. Omówiono główne przesłanki i szerszy (w tym historyczny) kontekst przedsięwzięcia, z naciskiem na kwestie metodologiczne, związane z multimedialnym wymiarem nauki historii

Predictors of completing a primary health care diabetes prevention intervention programme in people at high risk of type 2 diabetes Experiences of the DE-PLAN project

It has been shown that real-life implementation studies for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (DM2) performed in different settings and populations can be effective. However, not enough information is available on factors influencing the reach of DM2 prevention programmes. This study examines the predictors of completing an intervention programme targeted at people at high risk of DM2 in Krakow, Poland as part of the DE-PLAN project. A total of 262 middle-aged people, everyday patients of 9 general practitioners' (GP) practices, at high risk of DM2 (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK)>14) agreed to participate in the lifestyle intervention to prevent DM2. Intervention consisted of 11 lifestyle counseling sessions, organized physical activity sessions followed by motivational phone calls and letters. Measurements were performed at baseline and 1 year after the initiation of the intervention. Seventy percent of the study participants enrolled completed the core curriculum (n=184), 22% were men. When compared to noncompleters, completers had a healthier baseline diabetes risk profile (P In multiple logistic regression model, employment reduced the likelihood of completing the intervention 2 times (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.81). Higher glucose 2 hours after glucose load and hypertension were the independent factors decreasing the chance to participate in the intervention (OR 0.79, 95% 0.69-0.92 and OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99, respectively). Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits increased the likelihood of completing the intervention (OR 1.86, 95% 1.01-3.41). In conclusion, people with healthier behavior and risk profile are more predisposed to complete diabetes prevention interventions. Male, those who work and those with a worse health profile, are less likely to participate and complete interventions. Targeted strategies are needed in real-life diabetes prevention interventions to improve male participation and to reach those who are working as well as people with a higher risk profile.Peer reviewe

Predictors of long term weight loss maintenance in patients at high risk of type 2 diabetes participating in a lifestyle intervention program in primary health care: The DE-PLAN study

Lifestyle interventions in type 2 diabetes (DM2) prevention implementation studies can be effective and lasting. Long-term weight loss maintenance enhances the intervention effect through a significant decrease in diabetes incidence over time. Our objective was to identify factors predicting long-term successful weight reduction maintenance achieved during a DM2 prevention program in patients with high DM2 risk in primary health care. Study participants (n = 263), middle-aged, slightly obese with baseline increased DM2 risk (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC)\u3e14), but no diabetes were invited to receive 11 lifestyle counselling sessions, guided physical activity sessions and motivational support during 10- months. The study participants had three clinical examinations during the study (baseline, one and three years). Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine demographic, clinical, and lifestyle predictors of weight reduction maintenance two years after the discontinuation of the intervention. Out of 105 patients who completed all three examinations (baseline age 56.6 (standard deviation (SD) = 10.7), body mass index 31.1 kg/m2 (SD = 4.9), FINDRISC 18.6 (SD = 3.1)), 73 patients (70%) showed weight loss during the intervention (mean weight loss 4.2 kg, SD = 5.1). The total weight loss achieved in the maintainers (27 of 73 study participants) two years after the intervention had finished was 6.54 kg (4.47 kg+2.0 kg). The non-maintainers, on the other hand, returned to their initial weight at the start of the intervention (+0.21 kg). In multivariable analysis baseline history of increased glucose (odds ratio (OR) = 3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–13.6) and reduction of total fat in diet during follow-up (OR = 4.3; 95% CI 1.5–12.2) were independent predictors of successful weight loss. Further studies exploring predictors of weight loss maintenance in diabetes prevention are needed to help health care providers to redesign interventions and improve long-term outcomes of real life interventions

Sprawozdania

The article dosn’t have abstract in english.Artykuł nie posiada streszczenia w języku polskim

Recommendations for diagnostics and therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in 2008

Nowotwory podścieliskowe przewodu pokarmowego (gastrointestinal stromal tumors – GIST) są najczęstszymi nowotworami pochodzenia mezenchymalnego w obrębie przewodu pokarmowego. Nowotwory te, dzięki postępom w diagnostyce patologiczno-molekularnej, powszechnie rozpoznawane są dopiero od kilku lat. W pracy przedstawiono zalecenia dotyczące diagnostyki i terapii tych nowotworów, opracowane na podstawie danych naukowych oraz doświadczenia ekspertów, które są powszechnie akceptowane i warte rekomendacji. Nadekspresja błonowego receptora KIT, będąca następstwem mutacji protoonkogenu KIT, jest wysoce specyficzna dla GIST, i możliwa do wykrycia metodami immunohistochemicznymi (CD117) w preparatach histopatologicznych z guza, stanowiąc najważniejsze kryterium w jego diagnostyce mikroskopowej i wskazaniach do leczenia drobnocząsteczkowymi inhibitorami kinaz tyrozynowych. W każdym przypadku zalecane jest przesłanie materiału do badań molekularnych (w celu analizy mutacji KIT i PDGFRA). Radykalne leczenie operacyjne jest nadal najskuteczniejszą metodą leczenia pierwotnych GIST, jednakże nowotwór ten cechuje duży potencjał nawrotowości. W przypadkach zmian nieoperacyjnych/rozsianych leczeniem z wyboru jest zastosowanie inhibitora kinaz tyrozynowych – imatinibu, leku, który stanowi pierwsze efektywne leczenie systemowe w zaawansowanym GIST CD117(+). Zalecana dawka początkowa powinna wynosić 400 mg raz dziennie (800 mg dziennie w przypadku mutacji w eksonie 9 KIT). Monitorowanie leczenia musi opierać się na powtarzanym badaniu tomografii komputerowej jamy brzusznej, z uwzględnieniem zmian wielkości i gęstości. W przypadku progresji zaleca się zwiększenie dawki imatinibu do 800 mg na dobę, a w przypadku braku skuteczności zastosowanie sunitynibu w dawce początkowej 50 mg dziennie. Obecnie trwają badania kliniczne nad ustaleniem roli leczenia chirurgicznego w skojarzeniu z imatinibem oraz skuteczności innych leków celowanych molekularnie w przypadku występowania oporności w czasie leczenia imatinibem. Dostępne dane odnośnie leczenia uzupełniającego wskazują na poprawę przeżyć wolnych od nawrotu, ale wpływ tej strategii na przeżycia całkowite i optymalna długość czasu leczenia są nadal przedmiotem badań. Przedstawione zasady postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego powinny być praktycznie wprowadzane przez lekarzy zajmujących się chorymi na GIST w Polsce. Zaleca się rejestrowanie przypadków chorych na GIST w ramach narodowego Rejestru Klinicznego ([email protected]) oraz standardowe leczenie chorych w wielodyscyplinarnych zespołach, mających doświadczenie w terapii GIST i włączanie nowych przypadków GIST do prospektywnych badań klinicznych.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of GIST pathogenesis have resulted for last years in the emerging of GIST as a distinct sarcoma entity. The paper describes guidelines for diagnostics and therapy of these tumors based on scientific basis and experts’ experience, which are commonly accepted and worth to recommend. Overexpression of KIT receptor, as a consequence of mutation of protooncogene KIT, is highly specific for GIST and enable for detection by immunohistochemistry staining (CD117) in tumor specimens. It is the most important criterion in microscopic diagnostics and indications for treatment with small-molecule tyrosine kinas inhibitors. Sending material for molecular analysis is strongly recommended (for KIT and PDGFRA genotyping). Radical surgery is still the mainstay treatment for primary, localized, resectable GISTs, although high percentages of the patients after potentially curative operations develop recurrent or metastatic disease. In inoperable/metastatic lesions the treatment of choice is tyrosine kinase inhibitor – imatinib mesylate – the first effective systemic therapy in advanced CD117(+) GIST. Recommended initial dose should be 400 mg daily (800 mg for exon 9 KIT mutants). Monitoring of the therapy should be based on serial computed tomography imaging of abdominal cavity with the assessment of changes of tumor size and density. In case of disease progression the increase of imatinib dose to 800 mg daily is recommended and if further progression exists – sunitinib in the initial dose 50 mg daily should be introduced. Clinical trials evaluating the role of surgery in combination of imatinib and the efficacy of other molecular targeted drugs in resistant cases are ongoing. Existing data indicate beneficial role of adjuvant imatinib therapy in terms of relapse-free survival, but the impact of this policy on overall survival, optimal duration of adjuvant therapy and criteria for its implementation are currently investigated. Presented recommendations for diagnostics and therapy of GIST should be practically implemented by physicians involved in management of GIST patients in Poland. The including GIST cases in national Clinical Registry ([email protected]) and standard treatment of patients in multidisciplinary team with expertise in GIST therapy, as well as enrollment of new cases to prospective clinical trials, are recommended

Public History in the Light of the Enlightenment Postulate

The article is an attempt to outline the theoretical and methodological refl ection on public history in the context of some conceptual models and concrete examples of case studies. Considering discursive situations, suppositions, suggestions and interpellations on the enlightenment postulate with regard to public history (including the issues: magistra vitae, emancipatory project, affi rmative history, emotive revolution, critical discourse in the public space, modus art based research) I deal with the issues: what is actually the content of public history: history or memory? Does the enlightenment postulate with regard to public history turn memory into history? Are we dealing with some project concocted by the intelligentsia and scientifi c elite? What are the current trends in the implementation of critical discourse in public history

Ludwik Fleck: a message to start a new discourse

The goal of the present article is to initiate a series of papers on Ludwik Fleck’s theories of medical cognition and their contribution to contemporary research on science. I would like, however, to begin with the last statement, in which he signaled, almost half a century ahead of time, the current issues concerning scientific discourse in the socio-cultural dimension