116 research outputs found
Role of protein kinase C and NF-ÎșB in proteolysis-inducing factor-induced proteasome expression in C2C12 myotubes
Proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) is a sulphated glycoprotein produced by cachexia-inducing tumours, which initiates muscle protein degradation through an increased expression of the ubiquitinâproteasome proteolytic pathway. The role of kinase C (PKC) in PIF-induced proteasome expression has been studied in murine myotubes as a surrogate model of skeletal muscle. Proteasome expression induced by PIF was attenuated by 4alpha-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 nM) and by the PKC inhibitors Ro31-8220 (10 muM), staurosporine (300 nM), calphostin C (300 nM) and Gö 6976 (200 muM). Proteolysis-inducing factor-induced activation of PKCalpha, with translocation from the cytosol to the membrane at the same concentration as that inducing proteasome expression, and this effect was attenuated by calphostin C. Myotubes transfected with a constitutively active PKCalpha (pCO2) showed increased expression of proteasome activity, and a longer time course, compared with their wild-type counterparts. In contrast, myotubes transfected with a dominant-negative PKCalpha (pKS1), which showed no activation of PKCalpha in response to PIF, exhibited no increase in proteasome activity at any time point. Proteolysis-inducing factor-induced proteasome expression has been suggested to involve the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which may be activated through PKC. Proteolysis-inducing factor induced a decrease in cytosolic I-kappaBalpha and an increase in nuclear binding of NF-kappaB in pCO2, but not in pKS1, and the effect in wild-type cells was attenuated by calphostin C, confirming that it was mediated through PKC. This suggests that PKC may be involved in the phosphorylation and degradation of I-kappaBalpha, induced by PIF, necessary for the release of NF-kappaB from its inactive cytosolic complex
PESFOR-W: Improving the design and environmental effectiveness of woodlands for water Payments for Ecosystem Services
ABSTRACT: The EU Water Framework Directive aims to ensure restoration of Europe?s water bodies to ?good ecological status? by 2027. Many Member States will struggle to meet this target, with around half of EU river catchments currently reporting below standard water quality. Diffuse pollution from agriculture represents a major pressure, affecting over 90% of river basins. Accumulating evidence shows that recent improvements to agricultural practices are benefiting water quality but in many cases will be insufficient to achieve WFD objectives. There is growing support for land use change to help bridge the gap, with a particular focus on targeted tree planting to intercept and reduce the delivery of diffuse pollutants to water. This form of integrated catchment management offers multiple benefits to society but a significant cost to landowners and managers.
New economic instruments, in combination with spatial targeting, need to be developed to ensure cost effective solutions - including tree planting for water benefits - are realised. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are flexible, incentive-based mechanisms that could play an important role in promoting land use change to deliver water quality targets. The PESFOR-W COST Action will consolidate learning from existing woodlands for water PES schemes in Europe and help standardize approaches to evaluating the environmental effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of woodland measures. It will also create a European network through which PES schemes can be facilitated, extended and improved, for example by incorporating other ecosystem services linking with aims of the wider forestscarbon policy nexus
Association between reproductive traits and four microsatellites in Brangus-Ibagé cattle
Prior exposure of maiden ewes to rams enhances their behavioural interactions with rams but is not a pre-requisite to their endocrine response to the ram effect
Short term, repeated exposure to rams during the transition into the breeding season improves the synchrony of mating in the breeding season
Treating heifers with GnRH from 4 to 8 weeks of age advanced growth and the age at puberty
Effect of ram exposure at the end of progestagen treatment on estrus synchronisation and fertility during the breeding season in ewes
Molecular evidence that growth of dominant follicles involves a reduction in follicle-stimulating hormone dependence and an increase in luteinizing hormone dependence in cattle
Erratum to "The introduction of rams induces an increase in pulsatile LH secretion in cyclic ewes during the breeding season" [Theriogenology 68 (2007) 56-66] (DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.03.023)
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