6 research outputs found
Vacuum polarization by a global monopole with finite core
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'IOP Publishing'
- Publication date
- 06/07/2006
- Field of study
We investigate the effects of a (D+1)-dimensional global monopole core on
the behavior of a quantum massive scalar field with general curvature coupling
parameter. In the general case of the spherically symmetric static core,
formulae are derived for the Wightman function, for the vacuum expectation
values of the field square and the energy-momentum tensor in the exterior
region. These expectation values are presented as the sum of point-like global
monopole part and the core induced one. The asymptotic behavior of the core
induced vacuum densities is investigated at large distances from the core, near
the core and for small values of the solid angle corresponding to strong
gravitational fields. In particular, in the latter case we show that the
behavior of the vacuum densities is drastically different for minimally and
non-minimally coupled fields. As an application of general results the
flower-pot model for the monopole's core is considered and the expectation
values inside the core are evaluated.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, misprint is corrected, discussion is added,
figures are change
Topological Effects in a Fermionic Condensate Induced by a Cosmic String and Compactification on the AdS Bulk
- Publication venue
- MDPI AG
- Publication date
- 01/03/2022
- Field of study
In this paper, we analyzed the fermionic condensate (FC) associated with a massive fermionic field on a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime in the presence of a cosmic string taking into account a magnetic flux running along its core. In addition, a compactified dimension was considered. Due to this compactification, the FC is expressed in terms of two distinct contributions: the first one corresponds to the geometry without compactification, and the second one is induced by the compactification. Depending on the values of the physical parameters, the total FC can be positive or negative. As a limiting case, the expression for the FC on locally Minkowski spacetime was derived. It vanishes for a massless fermionic field, and the nonzero FC on the AdS background space in the massless case is an effect induced by gravitation. This shows that the gravitational field may essentially influence the parameter space for phase transitions. For a massive field, the FC diverges on the string as the inverse cube of the proper distance from the string. In the case of a massless field, depending on the magnetic flux along the string and planar angle deficit, the limiting value of the FC on the string can be either finite or infinite. At large distances, the decay of the FC as a function of the distance from the string is a power law for both cases of massive and massless fields. For a cosmic string on the Minkowski bulk and for a massive field, the decay is exponential. The topological part in the FC vanishes on the AdS boundary. We show that the FCs coincide for the fields realizing two inequivalent irreducible representations of the Clifford algebra. In the special case of the zero planar angle deficit, the results presented in this paper describe Aharonov–Bohm-type effects induced by magnetic fluxes in curved spacetime
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F.
- Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya
- Abril Guadalupe Longo
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adam Ishag
- Adamczyk Marzena
- Adams Robert J.
- Adu-Afarwuah Seth
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agbor Valirie N.
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Imran
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Hourani Huda M.
- Al Qaoud Nawal M.
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A.
- Alexius Sylvia
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala’a
- Alkhatib Buthaina M.
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amoah John
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Androutsos Odysseas
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anufrieva Elena
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aseffa Nega
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Assunção Maria Cecília F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdičová Mária
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Bakacs Marta
- Baker Jennifer L.
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Balanova Yulia
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banegas José R.
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Baran Joanna
- Baran Rafał
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barceló Alberto
- Baretić Maja
- Barkat Amina
- Barnoya Joaquin
- Barrera Lena
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio J. D.
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batista Aline P.
- Batista Rosangela L.
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Baur Louise A.
- Bayauli Pascal M.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bentham James
- Bere Elling
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berhane Yemane
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Beutel Manfred E.
- Beybey Augustin F.
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Biasch Katia
- Bikbov Mukharram M.
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J.
- Bjerregaard Anne A.
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Black Robert E.
- Bloch Katia V.
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- Bobak Martin
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- Boehm Bernhard O.
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- Bojesen Stig E.
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
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- Bragt Marjolijn C. E.
- Brajkovich Imperia
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- Brian Garry R.
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- Brinduse Lacramioara
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- Bruno Graziella
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- Burns Con
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- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
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- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas José
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V.
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Rocco
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- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carlsson Axel C.
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrasola Ximena Berrios
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
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- Casajús José A.
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- Casas Maribel
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- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes‐Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A.
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K.
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chee Miao Li
- Chen Chien-Jen
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- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheng Yiling J.
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
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- Chinapaw Mai J. M.
- Chinnock Anne
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- Cho Belong
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- Christofaro Diego G.
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- Cooper Cyrus
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- Cowan Melanie J.
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L.
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- Cross Amanda J.
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- Cruz Juan J.
- Csilla Semánová
- Csányi Tamás
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- Cuesta Manuel Galán
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V.
- Cuschieri Sarah
- Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina
- Cândido Ana Paula C.
- da Silva Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T.
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M.
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
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- de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg
- De Backer Gui
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- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R.
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- de Souza Wanderley Júnior Rildo
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D.
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- Diaz Alejandro
- Dika Zivka
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- do Carmo Franco Maria
- Do Ha T. P.
- Dobson Annette J.
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- Dumith Samuel C.
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- Eddie Ricky
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- Erasmus Rajiv T.
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
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- Eriksson Johan G.
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- Eslami Saeid
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- Faramarzi Elnaz
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- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
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- Feigl Edit
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- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Gerson
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M.
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferreira Haroldo S.
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiró Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Filho Valter Barbosa
- Fink Günther
- Fisberg Mauro
- Fischer Krista
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M.
- Francis Damian K.
- Fras Zlatko
- Frontera Guillermo
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- Fujiati Isti I.
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furdela Viktoriya
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
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- Galbarczyk Andrzej
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- García Martha Yépez
- Gareta Dickman
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- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geiger Harald
- Geleijnse Johanna M.
- George Ronnie
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- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Gialluisi Alessandro
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gieger Christian
- Gill Tiffany K.
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Glushkova Natalya
- Gluškova Natalja
- Godara Ramesh
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldberg Marcel
- Goltzman David
- Gomez Luis F.
- Gomula Aleksandra
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- González Enrique Gutiérrez
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- González-Villalpando Clicerio
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- Gonçalves Helen
- Gonçalves Mauer
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dušan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G.
- Graça Antonio Pedro
- Gregg Edward W.
- Gregor Ronald D.
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- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Grøholt Else Karin
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- Gu Dongfeng
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- Guallar-Castillón Pilar
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- He Jiang
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- Htay Thein Thein
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta José María
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Huiart Laetitia
- Huisman Martijn
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huu Chinh Nguyen
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
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- Höfelmann Doroteia A.
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- Klumbiene Jurate
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- La Quang Ngoc
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- Laid Youcef
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- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Larissa Simo Pone
- Lassen Tina Harmer
- Latt Tint Swe
- Laurenzi Martino
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
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- Le Coroller Gwenaëlle
- Le Nguyen Bao Khanh
- Le Port Agnès
- Le Tuyen D.
- Lee Jeannette
- Lee Jeonghee
- Lee Paul H.
- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimäki Terho
- Lele Elysée Claude Bika
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- Lima-Costa M. Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
- Lind Lars
- Lingam Vijaya
- Linkohr Birgit
- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
- Loit Helle-Mai
- Long Khuong Quynh
- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Marcus V. V.
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
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- Lotufo Paulo A.
- Lozano José Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L.
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
- Lustigová Michala
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Ma Xu
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- Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M.
- Macia Enguerran
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- Madar Ahmed A.
- Madsen Anja L.
- Maestre Gladys E.
- Maggi Stefania
- Magliano Dianna J.
- Magnacca Sara
- Magnazu Moran Blychfeld
- Magriplis Emmanuella
- Mahasampath Gowri
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- Majer Marjeta
- Makdisse Marcia
- Malekzadeh Fatemeh
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rahul
- Malyutina Sofia K.
- Maniego Lynell V.
- Manios Yannis
- Manix Masimango Imani
- Mann Jim I.
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- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
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- Saidi Olfa
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- Salanave Benoit
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- Savy Mathilde
- Sawada Norie
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- Schargrodsky Herman
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schindler Karin
- Schipf Sabine
- Schmidt Carsten O.
- Schmidt Ida Maria
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- Schröder Helmut
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- Schöttker Ben
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- Serra-Majem Luis
- Servais Jennifer
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- Sharafkhah Maryam
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- Shayanrad Amaneh
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- Sheffer Kate E.
- Shengelia Lela
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- Shimizu-Furusawa Hana
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- Skoblina Natalia A.
- Skodje Gry
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- Slusarczyk Przemysław
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- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugène
- Sodemann Morten
- Soekatri Moesijanti Y. E.
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solano Marta García
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
- Soofi Sajid
- Sophiea Marisa K.
- Sorić Maroje
- Soto-Rojas Victoria E.
- Soumaré Aïcha
- Sousa-Poza Alfonso
- Sovic Slavica
- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
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- Suka Machi
- Sun Chien-An
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- Tang Xun
- Tanrygulyyeva Maya
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B.
- Taylor Anne
- Taylor Julie
- Tchibindat Félicité
- Te Velde Saskia
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- Tello Tania
- Tham Yih Chung
- Thankappan K. R.
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- Thomas Nihal
- Thorand Barbara
- Thuesen Betina H.
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- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
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- Triantafyllou Areti
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- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh T. H.
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- Tsao Yu-Hsiang
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsintavis Panagiotis
- Tsugane Shoichiro
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- Tuliakova Azaliia M.
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- Tzala Evangelia
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
- Ukoli Flora A. M.
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Usupova Zhamyila
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
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- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
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- Viet Lucie
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- Vilar Monica
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vioque Jesus
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- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
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- Vrijheid Martine
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- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
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- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Webster-Kerr Karen
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
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- Westbury Leo D.
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- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wolf Kathrin
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily B.
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Hon-Yen
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Wyszyńska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zayed Ayman A.
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhecheva Yanitsa V.
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuziak Monika
- Ängquist Lars
- Čapková Naděžda
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Šalaj Sanja
- Ševčíková Ľudmila
- Żegleń Magdalena
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya
- Abril Guadalupe Longo
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adam Ishag
- Adamczyk Marzena
- Adams Robert J.
- Adu-Afarwuah Seth
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agbor Valirie N.
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Imran
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Hourani Huda M.
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al Qaoud Nawal M.
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A.
- Alexius Sylvia
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alkhatib Buthaina M.
- Allin Kristine
- Altenburg de Assis Maria Alice
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amiano Etxezarreta Pilar
- Amoah John
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Androutsos Odysseas
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anufrieva Elena
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Gaya Adroaldo Cesar
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aseffa Nega
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Avi Shina
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Bakacs Marta
- Baker Jennifer L.
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- Nunes Baltazar
- Nurk Eha
- Nuwaha Fred
- Nyirenda Moffat
- O'Neill Terence W.
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