Análisis de precipitaciones extraordinarias y de sudestadas importantes y su relación con las inundaciones en la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Se analizan las precipitaciones extraordinarias, clasificadas por umbrales de intensidad, registradas en el Observatorio Central Buenos Aires, durante el período 1911-1988. El análisis temporal considera todas las lluvias existentes que muestran valores Iguales o superiores a la gama de umbrales adoptados y las serles totales (lluvias máximas en 24 horas para cada año). Por el método de Gumbel se calculan los máximos valores probables, considerando un período de retorno de 200 años. También se analizan el campo pluviométrIco y el desarrollo sinóptico de las tormentas del 25/26 de enero y del 30/31 de mayo de 1985, las que produjeron inundaciones de gran magnitud. El trabajo incluye un estudio estadístico de las alturas máximas registradas en el mareógrafo del Riachuelo y su relación con las inundaciones producidas por el aumento de los niveles del Río de la Plata, generados por sudestadas severas. Se han calculado y trazado las curvas de cantldad-duraclón-área de la tormenta del 30/31 de mayo de 1985 y las correspondientes a los niveles máximos del río.The extraordinary precipitations, recorded in the Buenos Aires Central Observatory, during the period 1911-1988, classified by intensity thresholds, are analyzed. The temporal analysis takes into account all the recorded precipitations which show amounts larger than the range of the adopted thresholds as well series (year maximum precipitation in the Gumbel s method the probable maxima on the assumption of a 200 years return field and the synoptic development of 24 hours), values were period. The the storms equal or as total Following computed, pluviométrie registered on 25/26 January and 30/31 May 1985 are also analyzed. These storms produced floodings of extraordinary magnitude. The work also include a statistical study of the maxima height recorded by the Riachuelo mareograph and their relantlonshlp with the floodings produced by the increasing levels of the River Plate generated by severe "south easterly" winds. The amount-duration-area of the 30/31 May 1985 's storm the river maxima and levels, were also computed and plotted.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Análisis de precipitaciones extraordinarias y de sudestadas importantes y su relación con las inundaciones en la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Se analizan las precipitaciones extraordinarias, clasificadas por umbrales de intensidad, registradas en el Observatorio Central Buenos Aires, durante el período 1911-1988. El análisis temporal considera todas las lluvias existentes que muestran valores Iguales o superiores a la gama de umbrales adoptados y las serles totales (lluvias máximas en 24 horas para cada año). Por el método de Gumbel se calculan los máximos valores probables, considerando un período de retorno de 200 años. También se analizan el campo pluviométrIco y el desarrollo sinóptico de las tormentas del 25/26 de enero y del 30/31 de mayo de 1985, las que produjeron inundaciones de gran magnitud. El trabajo incluye un estudio estadístico de las alturas máximas registradas en el mareógrafo del Riachuelo y su relación con las inundaciones producidas por el aumento de los niveles del Río de la Plata, generados por sudestadas severas. Se han calculado y trazado las curvas de cantldad-duraclón-área de la tormenta del 30/31 de mayo de 1985 y las correspondientes a los niveles máximos del río.The extraordinary precipitations, recorded in the Buenos Aires Central Observatory, during the period 1911-1988, classified by intensity thresholds, are analyzed. The temporal analysis takes into account all the recorded precipitations which show amounts larger than the range of the adopted thresholds as well series (year maximum precipitation in the Gumbel s method the probable maxima on the assumption of a 200 years return field and the synoptic development of 24 hours), values were period. The the storms equal or as total Following computed, pluviométrie registered on 25/26 January and 30/31 May 1985 are also analyzed. These storms produced floodings of extraordinary magnitude. The work also include a statistical study of the maxima height recorded by the Riachuelo mareograph and their relantlonshlp with the floodings produced by the increasing levels of the River Plate generated by severe "south easterly" winds. The amount-duration-area of the 30/31 May 1985 's storm the river maxima and levels, were also computed and plotted.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

The association between coronary artery calcification progression and loss of bone density in non-dialyzed CKD patients

Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and low bone density are coexisting deleterious conditions commonly shared by chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the progression of CAC was associated with overtime reduction in bone density in non-dialyzed CKD patients. Methods: This is a prospective study of 24 months including 72 non-dialyzed CKD patients Stages 2 - 4 (age 57.6 +/- 10.3 years, 62% male, 22% diabetics). CAC and vertebral bone density (VBD) were measured by computed tomography. Results: At baseline, 46% of the patients had CAC (calcified group) and calcification was not identified in 54% of the patients (non-calcified group). The calcified group was older, predominantly male, and had lower VBD in comparison to non-calcified group. CAC progression was observed only in the calcified group (91% of the patients increased calcium score). The multiple regression analysis revealed loss of VBD as the independent determinant of CAC progression in these patients. Conclusion: CAC progression was associated with loss of VBD in non-dialyzed CKD patients

Prospective Evaluation of Waist Circumference and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Waist circumference (WC), a simple anthropometric measure, is associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in cross-sectional studies, and thus has been used as a surrogate marker for VAT. However, associations between changes over time in WC and VAT have not been studied in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: This prospective study included 87 nondialysis-dependent CKD patients (54 males, 56.2 +/- 10.4 years, BMI 27.3 +/- 5.1, GFR 35.9 +/- 14.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). VAT area was measured by computed tomography (CT) and WC was measured at the umbilicus level at baseline and after 12 months. Results: Changes in WC correlated significantly but weakly with changes in VAT (r = 0.26, p = 0.016), likely due to a substantially smaller change in WC compared to changes in VAT. This was also reflected by a kappa coefficient of 0.26, i.e. indicative of poor agreement between WC and CT measurements in regards to quantification of changes in VAT. Likewise, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified WC as poor predictor of changes in VAT (area under the curve = 0.62). Conclusion: Anthropometric measurement of WC is poorly correlated with changes in VAT measured by CT in nondialysis-dependent CKD patients. Therefore, caution should be taken when using WC as a surrogate marker of VAT changes in this population. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, BaselFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Oswaldo Ramos FoundationUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Nutr Program, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilVanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Nutr Program, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 05/02442-4Web of Scienc

Intima-Media Thickness Is Associated with Inflammation and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Mortality due to cardiovascular causes is high in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Intima-media thickness (IMT) and inflammation are early atherosclerosis markers, although data are lacking about their association in the CKD non-dialysis-dependent (CKD-NDD) population. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between IMT, inflammation and other cardiovascular risk factors in such patients. Methods: CKD-NDD patients (n = 122) were subjected to measurements of carotid IMT and inflammatory marker levels in a cross-sectional study. Results: Mean patient age was 55.2 +/- 11.3 years (61.5% males). Median C-reactive protein (CRP) was 0.28 mg/dl (0.03-14.2). the median interleukin (IL)-6 count was 4.75 pg/ml (0.7-243), the mean adiponectin was 27.8 +/- 7.3 ng/ml and the mean IMT was 0.61 +/- 0.19 mm. Four (3.3%) patients had IMT above the normal range. IMT was higher in males (p < 0.001), patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min (p = 0.030), inflammation (p = 0.005) and higher IL-6 levels (p = 0.023). IMT was correlated with age (R = 0.538; p < 0.001), waist circumference (R = 0.235; p = 0.016), CRP (R = 0.191; p = 0.035) and systolic blood pressure (R = 0.181; p = 0.048). in a multiple regression analysis, the independent determinants of IMT were age (beta = 0.512; p < 0.001) and CRP levels (beta = 0.159; p = 0.041). Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that although the IMT values were within the normal range, there was a clear association of IMT with age, as well as with inflammation in an asymptomatic CKD-NDD population. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, BaselUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, Dept Internal Med, BR-04039000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Radiol, Hosp Rim & Hipertensao, BR-04039000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, Dept Internal Med, BR-04039000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Radiol, Hosp Rim & Hipertensao, BR-04039000 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc