An\'alise das estrat\'egias de planejamento de tempos de voo pelas companhias a\'ereas

This study explores the approaches used by airlines in setting flight times. It highlights the need to balance operational and strategic factors, such as optimizing the use of resources - including aircraft, crew, and fuel - and managing the risks related to delays and congestion. The work details a national analysis focused on domestic flights, investigating the factors that influence companies to adjust scheduled flight times and the impact of this practice on punctuality. The results indicate that decisions about flight time are influenced by both operational and strategic aspects, being affected by competition and the sector's policies on punctuality and slot allocation. Furthermore, it was found that adding extra time is an effective strategy for reducing delays, although it may conceal system deficiencies.Comment: This article is written in Portugues

Selection criteria of Zebrafish male donors for sperm cryopreservation

Selection criteria for sperm cryopreservation are highly relevant in zebrafish since sperm quality is particularly variable in this species. Successful cryopreservation depends on high-quality sperm, which can only be ensured by the selection of breeders. Consequently, male selection and management are a priority to improve cryopreservation, and therefore, this study aimed to characterize optimal age and sperm collection frequency in zebrafish. For this purpose, males from wild type (AB) and from a transgenic line [Tg(runx2:eGFP)] were sampled at 6, 8, 12, and 14 months. For each age, sperm were collected at time 0 followed by samplings at 2, 7, and 14 days of rest. Sperm quality was assessed according to motility and membrane viability parameters. Quality assessment showed that Tg(runx2:eGFP) displayed significantly higher motility than AB and younger males showed higher motility in both lines. Sperm collection frequency affected membrane viability. While AB fish recovered sperm viability after 14 days of rest, Tg(runx2:eGFP) could not recover. Consequently, it may be important to study the sperm quality of each zebrafish line before sperm cryopreservation. Taking into consideration the results achieved in both lines, sperm collection should be performed between 6 and 8 months of age with a minimum collection interval of 14 days.N730984, EBB-EAPA_501/2016, PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Validation of a Novel, Sensitive, and Specific Urine-Based Test for Recurrence Surveillance of Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in a Comprehensive Multicenter Study

Bladder cancer (BC), the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system, is ranked the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Of all newly diagnosed patients with BC, 70–75% will present disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa, the non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) subtype. Of those, approximately 70% will recur after transurethral resection (TUR). Due to high rate of recurrence, patients are submitted to an intensive follow-up program maintained throughout many years, or even throughout life, resulting in an expensive follow-up, with cystoscopy being the most cost-effective procedure for NMIBC screening. Currently, the gold standard procedure for detection and follow-up of NMIBC is based on the association of cystoscopy and urine cytology. As cystoscopy is a very invasive approach, over the years, many different noninvasive assays (both based in serum and urine samples) have been developed in order to search genetic and protein alterations related to the development, progression, and recurrence of BC. TERT promoter mutations and FGFR3 hotspot mutations are the most frequent somatic alterations in BC and constitute the most reliable biomarkers for BC. Based on these, we developed an ultra-sensitive, urine-based assay called Uromonitor®, capable of detecting trace amounts of TERT promoter (c.1-124C > T and c.1-146C > T) and FGFR3 (p.R248C and p.S249C) hotspot mutations, in tumor cells exfoliated to urine samples. Cells present in urine were concentrated by the filtration of urine through filters where tumor cells are trapped and stored until analysis, presenting long-term stability. Detection of the alterations was achieved through a custom-made, robust, and highly sensitive multiplex competitive allele-specific discrimination PCR allowing clear interpretation of results. In this study, we validate a test for NMIBC recurrence detection, using for technical validation a total of 331 urine samples and 41 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of the primary tumor and recurrence lesions from a large cluster of urology centers. In the clinical validation, we used 185 samples to assess sensitivity/specificity in the detection of NMIBC recurrence vs. cystoscopy/cytology and in a smaller cohort its potential as a primary diagnostic tool for NMIBC. Our results show this test to be highly sensitive (73.5%) and specific (93.2%) in detecting recurrence of BC in patients under surveillance of NMIBC.This study was supported by FCT (“Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology”) through a PhD grant to RB (SFRH/ BD/111321/2015). Further funding was obtained from the project “Advancing cancer research: from basic knowledge to application” NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000029: “Projetos Estruturados de I & D & I,” funded by Norte 2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This article is a result of the project PTDC/MED-ONC/31438/2017 (The Other Faces of Telomerase: Looking beyond Tumor Immortalization), supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), COMPETE 2020—Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI) and by Portuguese funds through FCT. Further funding by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation— COMPETE 2020, and Portuguese national funds via FCT, under project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016390:CANCEL STEM

Uso de álcool e comportamento de saúde entre profissionais da enfermagem

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o uso problemático de álcool e comportamentos de saúde entre profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital geral. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em um hospital geral. Foi aplicado um questionário com informações sociodemográficas, o teste de triagem do uso álcool e de outras drogas e o questionário de comportamentos de saúde. Resultado: Participaram da pesquisa 416 profissionais. No modelo final da regressão logística, os profissionais do sexo masculino (OR 4,3), solteiros (OR 3,7), que professam outras religiões (OR 3,8), exercem função de técnico de enfermagem (OR 2,3), não consomem baixas doses de bebidas alcoólicas por dia (OR 2,0), fazem uso de tabaco (OR 8,9), evitam o consumo de bebidas com cafeína (OR 1,9) e ambientes barulhentos (OR 2,0) apresentaram chances aumentadas para o consumo de álcool em nível problemático. Conclusão: O uso de álcool e comportamentos de saúde não saudáveis entre profissionais de enfermagem estão fortemente associados. Esses achados têm implicações para a implementação de trabalhos com estratégias de promoção de saúde e prevenção do uso de álcool nas relações de trabalho

The Risk of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation During Endovascular Procedures

Objectivos: Com a generalização dos procedimentos endovasculares, cresce a preocupação com os efeitos deletérios que a execução continuada de tais procedimentos radiológicos acarreta. Com este trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar e quantificar a distribuição pela equipa cirúrgica da exposição à radiação dispersa, emitida por um aparelho portátil de radioscopia com arco cirúrgico (arco em C), durante a utilização em bloco operatório. Material e métodos: O registo e avaliação da dose de radiação foram efectuados em sala do bloco operatório reproduzindo as condições habituais em que decorrem os procedimentos endovasculares. Para a simulação geométrica do tórax do doente foi utilizado um fantoma cilíndrico de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) com 15 cm de espessura. A radiação dispersa foi medida para o local do cirurgião, ajudante, anestesista e enfermeira instrumentista, através de um monitor de radiação portátil RaySafe Xi Survey Detector, tendo sido ajustada a medição para a avaliação da taxa de dose de exposição à radiação em mGy/s a diversas alturas do solo e distâncias do doente. Utilizou-se ainda o detetor RaySafe Xi R/F para a medição da taxa de dose de exposição na superfície de entrada da pele do doente. As medições foram efectuadas em modo de fl uoroscopia pulsada de 4 quadros por segundo (qps), subtração digital e roadmap, com a combinação dos três modos de magnifi cação electrónica disponíveis (Mag1, Mag2 e Mag3). Em todos os casos foi considerada a Dose 3, o nível de dose máxima do aparelho que fornece a melhor qualidade de imagem através do controlo automático em tempo real do contraste e do brilho. Resultados: A análise dos dados permitiu determinar a distribuição da radiação dispersa pela equipa assistente, constatando-se como nível máximo de exposição, a altura ao solo de 120 cm no modo de subtracção digital e roadmap. A este nível, a intensidade da radiação dispersa em relação à taxa de dose de exposição na superfície de entrada da pele do doente é distribuída em 0,47% pelo cirurgião, 0,21% pelo anestesista, 0,32% pelo ajudante e 0,13% pela enfermeira instrumentista. A utilização de subtração digital e roadmap aumentou o nível de radiação cerca de 5 vezes em relação à fluoroscopia pulsada a 4 qps, tanto na taxa de dose de exposição na superfície de entrada da pele do doente como na radiação dispersa pela equipa. Quando utilizados os meios de proteção radiológica os níveis de radiação foram consideravelmente inferiores. Conclusões: Atendendo à dispersão prevista da radiação determinou-se que a proximidade da ampola aumenta a quantidade de radiação dispersa que atinge o corpo. Quando utilizado o equipamento de proteção individual, os níveis de radiação dispersa são consideravelmente menores e permitem doses acumuladas abaixo dos limites aceitáveis

Estereótipos de gênero e sexismo ambivalente em adolescentes masculinos de 12 a 16 anos

A discriminação e a violência contra o gênero feminino associam-se a representações distorcidas da mulher. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de mensurar a existência de preconceitos nas manifestações dos estereótipos de gênero e sexismo ambivalente, em adolescentes masculinos de 12 a 16 anos. Em um estudo transversal, aplicaram-se três questionários (sociodemográfico, Gender stereotyping, Inventário do Sexismo Ambivalente) a 787 estudantes de 11 escolas públicas. Nos resultados, detectou-se a presença de estereótipos de gênero. Houve diferença significante entre alunos de escolas estaduais e municipais e também nos alunos que estudavam em bairros de poder aquisitivo elevado em relação aos demais. O sexismo, também presente, apresentou-se significantemente mais benévolo que hostil. O escore para o componente benévolo variou conforme a escola cursada. O hostil não foi influenciado pelas variáveis estudadas. Os achados corroboram a existência de estereótipos de gênero e sexismo ambivalente nos adolescentes masculinos e a necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações e políticas para sua erradicação.Discrimination and violence against the female gender are associated with distorted representation of women. This paper aims at measuring the existence of prejudice in the manifestations of ambivalent sexism and gender stereotypes in male adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. Three questionnaires (socio-demographic, Gender stereotyping, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory) were applied to 787 students of 11 public schools in a cross-sectional study. The results pointed out to the presence of gender stereotypes. There was a significant difference between students of state and city schools and also between those who studied in neighborhoods presenting a higher economic status in comparison to the others. Sexism presented itself significantly more benevolent than hostile. The score to the benevolent component varied according to the attended school, while the hostile one was not influenced by the studied variables. These results corroborate the existence of gender stereotypes and ambivalent sexism in male adolescents and the necessity of developing actions and policies to their eradication

Tuberculosis associated factors caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the RDRio genotype

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a disease that affects many countries around the world, including Brazil. Recently, a subtype of Latin American-Mediterranean family strain was identified and characterised by RDRio. The strain has been associated with different characteristics of the disease. OBJECTIVES In the present study we investigated the association of epidemiological, clinical, radiological and bacteriological variables with pulmonary tuberculosis caused by RDRioMycobacterium tuberculosis strain in large regions of São Paulo. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 530 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosed using sputum culture, from two regions of the São Paulo state in Brazil. The samples were brought to São Paulo reference laboratories for epidemiological, clinical, radiological and bacteriological analyses, and the data were obtained from a TB notification system. RDRio genotyping and Spoligotyping of the samples were performed. For the analysis of the categorical variables we used the chi-square test or the Fisher&#8217;s exact test, and for the continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test. In addition, a logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS The RDRio deletion was identified in 152 (28.7%) samples. In the univariate analysis, both the age groups above 25 years and alcohol consumption were associated with the RDRio deletion. The multivariate analysis confirmed the association of the RDRio deletion with the age groups: 25-35 years old [OR: 2.28 (1.02-5.07; p = 0.04)] and 36-60 years old (OR: 2.36 (1.11-5.05); p = 0.03], and also with alcohol consumption [OR: 1.63 (1.05-2.54); p = 0,03]. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified new factors associated with the M. tuberculosis of the RDRio deletion strains infection

Entre a poeira e o silêncio: sobre exposições e construções da memória no Museu do Ceará (1932-1997)

This article discusses some manners to construct the meanings of the past into Museu do Ceará's exhibitions between 1932 and 1997. Based on issues of Social History of Memory, the meanings of dust and silence are highlighted in a way that the past is configured in the space of the exhibitions. The artifacts are treated taking into account underlying values and expectations that guide, in certain circumstances, connections and separations between past and present