Identification of stable QTLs for vegetative and reproductive traits in the microvine (Vitis vinifera L.) using the 18 K Infinium chip

UMR AGAP - équipe DAAV - Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne[b]Background[/b] [br/]The increasing temperature associated with climate change impacts grapevine phenology and development with critical effects on grape yield and composition. Plant breeding has the potential to deliver new cultivars with stable yield and quality under warmer climate conditions, but this requires the identification of stable genetic determinants. This study tested the potentialities of the microvine to boost genetics in grapevine. A mapping population of 129 microvines derived from Picovine x Ugni Blanc flb, was genotyped with the Illumina® 18 K SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) chip. Forty-three vegetative and reproductive traits were phenotyped outdoors over four cropping cycles, and a subset of 22 traits over two cropping cycles in growth rooms with two contrasted temperatures, in order to map stable QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci). [br/][b]Results[/b] [br/]Ten stable QTLs for berry development and quality or leaf area were identified on the parental maps. A new major QTL explaining up to 44 % of total variance of berry weight was identified on chromosome 7 in Ugni Blanc flb, and co-localized with QTLs for seed number (up to 76 % total variance), major berry acids at green lag phase (up to 35 %), and other yield components (up to 25 %). In addition, a minor QTL for leaf area was found on chromosome 4 of the same parent. In contrast, only minor QTLs for berry acidity and leaf area could be found as moderately stable in Picovine. None of the transporters recently identified as mutated in low acidity apples or Cucurbits were included in the several hundreds of candidate genes underlying the above berry QTLs, which could be reduced to a few dozen candidate genes when a priori pertinent biological functions and organ specific expression were considered. [br/][b]Conclusions[/b] [br/]This study combining the use of microvine and a high throughput genotyping technology was innovative for grapevine genetics. It allowed the identification of 10 stable QTLs, including the first berry acidity QTLs reported so far in a Vitis vinifera intra-specific cross. Robustness of a set of QTLs was assessed with respect to temperature variatio

Adaptation de la viticulture au changement climatique : vers des stratégies à haute résolution

Adaptation to climate change is a major challenge facing the viticulture sector. Within an appropriate temporal and spatial framework, the aim of this thesis was to enhance the conception of climate change adaptation in viticulture, all towards constructing high resolution strategies. The methodological framework used in this study consisted of several steps. Using a regional climate model, the first step was to evaluate the potential impacts of future climate changes on grape growing in the Anjou-Saumur wine growing sub-region. With warming predicted to continue by +1.1°C to +3.8°C in the far future, grapevine phenology is expected to advance significantly. Secondly, two contrasting study areas in Anjou-Saumur were equipped with climatic and agronomic measurements at vineyard-level scales. For three consecutive growing seasons, local variability in climate- and grapevine-related variables were studied. Results have shown a strong spatial variability in local climate conditions, which were reflected on grape phenology and grape composition. This spatial heterogeneity in local conditions should represent an important buffer in response to future climate changes, allowing winegrowers to manage the expected climate change impacts. And finally, wine growers’ perceptions, vulnerability and adaptive processes to climate variability and change were assessed through individual semi-structured interviews. Within the context of climate change and the key issues surrounding adaptation, this thesis have highlighted the importance of local environmental knowledge and contextual understanding in framing adaptation strategies across different temporal and spatial scales.L'adaptation au changement climatique est un défi majeur pour la viticulture. Dans un cadre temporel et spatial approprié, l'objectif de cette thèse était d'améliorer la conception de l’adaptation de la viticulture au changement climatique, dans le but de construire des stratégies à haute résolution. Le cadre méthodologique utilisé dans cette étude est constitué de plusieurs étapes. Par l’utilisation d’un modèle climatique régional, la première étape a été d'évaluer les impacts potentiels des changements climatiques futurs sur viticulture dans la sous-région d’Anjou-Saumur. Le réchauffement attendu de +1.1°C à +3.8°C à l’horizon 2071-2100 devrait entrainer une avancée significative de la phénologie de la vigne. Dans un deuxième temps, deux sites d’études contrastées en Anjou-Saumur ont fait l’objet de mesures climatiques et agronomiques à l’échelle fine des vignobles. Pendant trois années consécutives, la variabilité locale du climat et du comportement de la vigne a été étudiée. Les résultats ont montré une forte variabilité spatiale des conditions climatiques locales, qui s'est traduite par des différences de phénologie de la vigne et de composition des raisins. La connaissance de cette variabilité apparait ainsi comme un outil d’adaptation permettant aux viticulteurs de compenser les effets du changement climatique. Enfin, à l’aide d'entretiens semi-directifs individuels, les perceptions, la vulnérabilité et les processus d'adaptation des viticulteurs à la variabilité climatique et au changement climatique ont été évalués. Dans le contexte du changement climatique et des enjeux concernant l'adaptation, cette thèse a mis en évidence l'importance de la connaissance de l'environnement local et de la compréhension contextuelle dans l'élaboration des stratégies d'adaptation à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales

Adaptation of viticulture to climate change : towards high resolutions strategies

L'adaptation au changement climatique est un défi majeur pour la viticulture. Dans un cadre temporel et spatial approprié, l'objectif de cette thèse était d'améliorer la conception de l’adaptation de la viticulture au changement climatique, dans le but de construire des stratégies à haute résolution. Le cadre méthodologique utilisé dans cette étude est constitué de plusieurs étapes. Par l’utilisation d’un modèle climatique régional, la première étape a été d'évaluer les impacts potentiels des changements climatiques futurs sur viticulture dans la sous-région d’Anjou-Saumur. Le réchauffement attendu de +1.1°C à +3.8°C à l’horizon 2071-2100 devrait entrainer une avancée significative de la phénologie de la vigne. Dans un deuxième temps, deux sites d’études contrastées en Anjou-Saumur ont fait l’objet de mesures climatiques et agronomiques à l’échelle fine des vignobles. Pendant trois années consécutives, la variabilité locale du climat et du comportement de la vigne a été étudiée. Les résultats ont montré une forte variabilité spatiale des conditions climatiques locales, qui s'est traduite par des différences de phénologie de la vigne et de composition des raisins. La connaissance de cette variabilité apparait ainsi comme un outil d’adaptation permettant aux viticulteurs de compenser les effets du changement climatique. Enfin, à l’aide d'entretiens semi-directifs individuels, les perceptions, la vulnérabilité et les processus d'adaptation des viticulteurs à la variabilité climatique et au changement climatique ont été évalués. Dans le contexte du changement climatique et des enjeux concernant l'adaptation, cette thèse a mis en évidence l'importance de la connaissance de l'environnement local et de la compréhension contextuelle dans l'élaboration des stratégies d'adaptation à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales.Adaptation to climate change is a major challenge facing the viticulture sector. Within an appropriate temporal and spatial framework, the aim of this thesis was to enhance the conception of climate change adaptation in viticulture, all towards constructing high resolution strategies. The methodological framework used in this study consisted of several steps. Using a regional climate model, the first step was to evaluate the potential impacts of future climate changes on grape growing in the Anjou-Saumur wine growing sub-region. With warming predicted to continue by +1.1°C to +3.8°C in the far future, grapevine phenology is expected to advance significantly. Secondly, two contrasting study areas in Anjou-Saumur were equipped with climatic and agronomic measurements at vineyard-level scales. For three consecutive growing seasons, local variability in climate- and grapevine-related variables were studied. Results have shown a strong spatial variability in local climate conditions, which were reflected on grape phenology and grape composition. This spatial heterogeneity in local conditions should represent an important buffer in response to future climate changes, allowing winegrowers to manage the expected climate change impacts. And finally, wine growers’ perceptions, vulnerability and adaptive processes to climate variability and change were assessed through individual semi-structured interviews. Within the context of climate change and the key issues surrounding adaptation, this thesis have highlighted the importance of local environmental knowledge and contextual understanding in framing adaptation strategies across different temporal and spatial scales

Méthodologie d'acquisition de données climatiques et agronomiques

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Life ADVICLIM project: final Evaluation report

The Final evaluation focuses on the results of the project (effectiveness, outputs, effects, information collected) by combining qualitative and quantitative data in order to measure the effectiveness of the innovative tools and methods created: degree of involvement of the target groups and stakeholders (visits to Life ADVICLIM website, participants number to project conferences, subscribers to project newsletters...), success of the dissemination tools created in the project.This qualitative and quantitative approach has been applied to several actions and tools of the ADVICLIM project.(1) The quantitative approach aimed at assessing the level of participation of winegrowers and stakeholders in the LIFE-ADVICLIM project: e.g. statistics on social network profiles and website visits, number of participants in the national workshops, number of subscribers to the VIDAC online platform, number of people receiving the Life ADVICLIM newsletters, number of promotional materials distributed for the project, number of project publications disseminated;(2) The objective of the qualitative approach was to evaluate the success of the tools developed in Action B1 (adaptation of cultural practices to climate change) and B2 (greenhouse gas calculation tool) as well as the dissemination strategy towards the wine profession and stakeholders. The qualitative evaluation should be carried out with surveys of users, winegrowers, stakeholders and members of the Advisory Board of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project. But, the tools developed in actions B1 and B2 were operational too late to carry out the qualitative evaluation before the end of the project. However, the qualitative evaluation of the deliverables, synthesis brochures and tools is underway and will be completed as part of the After Life Plan;(3) The deliverable "Adapting viticulture to climate change: guidance manual to support winegrower's decision-making" has been very successful and has been disseminated by local, national and international wine professional organisations. At the initiative of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project, a survey entitled "Understanding Winegrowers' Perceptions and Adaptation Attitudes to Climate Change" was carried out among the stakeholders and winegrowers of each partner country in the project. The objective of this study was to explore the current and future state of the wine sector in an ever-changing climatic environment, in order to assess the perception and adaptive capacities of the winegrowers and stakeholders involved. As the main international viticultural organisations were interested in this study, we decided to carry it out in the world's main wine-producing countries. The survey was therefore carried out in 27 wine-producing countries and yielded more than 3750 responses, 1825 of which were obtained in the partner countries of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project. The results of this survey will help in the realisation of the directives of the international resolutions (OIV) for the adaptation of viticulture to climate change

Life ADVICLIM project: final Evaluation report

The Final evaluation focuses on the results of the project (effectiveness, outputs, effects, information collected) by combining qualitative and quantitative data in order to measure the effectiveness of the innovative tools and methods created: degree of involvement of the target groups and stakeholders (visits to Life ADVICLIM website, participants number to project conferences, subscribers to project newsletters...), success of the dissemination tools created in the project.This qualitative and quantitative approach has been applied to several actions and tools of the ADVICLIM project.(1) The quantitative approach aimed at assessing the level of participation of winegrowers and stakeholders in the LIFE-ADVICLIM project: e.g. statistics on social network profiles and website visits, number of participants in the national workshops, number of subscribers to the VIDAC online platform, number of people receiving the Life ADVICLIM newsletters, number of promotional materials distributed for the project, number of project publications disseminated;(2) The objective of the qualitative approach was to evaluate the success of the tools developed in Action B1 (adaptation of cultural practices to climate change) and B2 (greenhouse gas calculation tool) as well as the dissemination strategy towards the wine profession and stakeholders. The qualitative evaluation should be carried out with surveys of users, winegrowers, stakeholders and members of the Advisory Board of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project. But, the tools developed in actions B1 and B2 were operational too late to carry out the qualitative evaluation before the end of the project. However, the qualitative evaluation of the deliverables, synthesis brochures and tools is underway and will be completed as part of the After Life Plan;(3) The deliverable "Adapting viticulture to climate change: guidance manual to support winegrower's decision-making" has been very successful and has been disseminated by local, national and international wine professional organisations. At the initiative of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project, a survey entitled "Understanding Winegrowers' Perceptions and Adaptation Attitudes to Climate Change" was carried out among the stakeholders and winegrowers of each partner country in the project. The objective of this study was to explore the current and future state of the wine sector in an ever-changing climatic environment, in order to assess the perception and adaptive capacities of the winegrowers and stakeholders involved. As the main international viticultural organisations were interested in this study, we decided to carry it out in the world's main wine-producing countries. The survey was therefore carried out in 27 wine-producing countries and yielded more than 3750 responses, 1825 of which were obtained in the partner countries of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project. The results of this survey will help in the realisation of the directives of the international resolutions (OIV) for the adaptation of viticulture to climate change

Evolution du Chenin en relation avec le climat et les pratiques viticoles au cours des dernières années.

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