Embracing the threat: machine translation as a solution for subtitling

Recent decades have brought significant changes in the subtitling industry, both in terms of workflow and in the context of the market for audiovisual translation. Machine translation (MT), whilst in regular use in the traditional localisation industry, has not seen a significant uptake in the subtitling arena. The SUMAT project, an EU-funded project which ran from 2011 to 2014 had as its aim the building and evaluation of viable MT solutions for the subtitling industry in nine bidirectional language pairs. As part of the project, a year-long large-scale evaluation of the output of the resulting MT engines was carried out by trained subtitlers. This paper reports on the impetus behind the investigation of MT for subtitling, previous work in this field, and discusses some of the results of this evaluation, in particular an attempt to measure the extent of productivity gain or loss for subtitlers using machine translation as opposed to working in the traditional way. The paper examines opportunities and limitations of MT as a viable option for work of this nature and makes recommendations for the training of subtitle post-editors

Alcibíades y el agalma: momento platónico de Jacques Lacan

En El Banquete de Platón, al elogiar Alcibíades a Sócrates, hace pública su loca pasión por éste. En 1961 Jacques Lacan estudiará exhaustivamente ese Diálogo, afirmando que es la descripción de la transferencia más antigua y larga que se conozca; trabaja la erótica de la paiderastía (erastès-erómenos) y revela al agalma, como antecedente de su concepto de objeto a. Philippe Julien (1985) y Danielle Arnoux, actualmente, retoman y despliegan valiosos aspectos de esa original elaboración lacaniana.Alcibiade praises Socrates at Plato's Symposium, and declares publicly his mad passion for him. Jacques Lacan studied hard and deep the Dialogue and made explicit that his was the most ancient and long description of a prsychoanalytical transfert - he worked over paiderastía erotics (erastés-erómenos), and enlight agalma's concept, as a previous idea of his objet. Phillippe Julien (1985), and more recently Danielle Arnoux, use and explain some valuable aspects from that former Lacanian conception

Lexical Normalization of Spanish Tweets with Rule-Based Components and Language Models

This paper presents a system to normalize Spanish tweets, which uses preprocessing rules, a domain-appropriate edit-distance model, and language models to select correction candidates based on context. The system is an improvement on the tool we submitted to the Tweet-Norm 2013 shared task, and results on the task's test-corpus are above-average. Additionally, we provide a study of the impact for tweet normalization of the different components of the system: rule-based, edit-distance based and statistical

Instalación y conversatorio: proyecto poroso

Tenemos un proceso creativo que es el resultado del cruce de nuestro cuerpo y prácticas artísticas cotidianas, trabajo que comenzamos en 2014. Nuestro motivo es crear a partir de nuestra relación y participación, en el contexto de la ciudad y personas que cruzamos en nuestro camino. La frontera es lo que acerca las relaciones entre San Pablo y Buenos Aires, siendo el disparador de nuestros trabajos. Nos conocimos en un viaje en el año 2012, intercambiando ideas sobre nuestras prácticas. El año pasado entramos juntas a una tienda en San Pablo, y compramos el mismo vestido. Escribimos preguntas de una para la otra, desde el lugar de residencia de cada una y las contestamos con imágenes. Luego salimos a buscar nuevas preguntas en una acción simultánea en el metro Bs. As. – SP. ¿Cómo continuar este trabajo? Estamos preparándonos para encontrarnos y actuar en la Bienal Internacional de Asuncion-BIA “Grito de Libertad”, octubre de 2015, con este proyecto y residiendo juntas durante 15 días para crear y realizar acciones. Nos gustaría compartir el proyecto y las experiencias que realizaremos en Paraguay, en ECART La Plata. La propuesta consiste en armar una muestra participativa siguiendo el proyecto de preguntas y postales, que presentamos anteriormente en una exposición en Portugal, y realizar una charla o conversatorio que amplíe lo exhibido y sume la experiencia de la próxima Bienal de Asunción.Eje 3: La performance y lo performativo. Obras, Performances, Videos e InstalacionesFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Machine translation for subtitling: a large-scale evaluation

This article describes a large-scale evaluation of the use of Statistical Machine Translation for professional subtitling. The work was carried out within the FP7 EU-funded project SUMAT and involved two rounds of evaluation: a quality evaluation and a measure of productivity gain/loss. We present the SMT systems built for the project and the corpora they were trained on, which combine professionally created and crowd-sourced data. Evaluation goals, methodology and results are presented for the eleven translation pairs that were evaluated by professional subtitlers. Overall, a majority of the machine translated subtitles received good quality ratings. The results were also positive in terms of productivity, with a global gain approaching 40%. We also evaluated the impact of applying quality estimation and filtering of poor MT output, which resulted in higher productivity gains for filtered files as opposed to fully machine-translated files. Finally, we present and discuss feedback from the subtitlers who participated in the evaluation, a key aspect for any eventual adoption of machine translation technology in professional subtitlin

Utilisation de la conception centrée utilisateur dans les applications pour les enfants avec troubles du spectre autistiqueVers des outils d’inclusion en classe ordinaire

National audience— L'émergence des tablettes et des applications tactiles dans le milieu scolaire apparaît comme un levier supplémentaire pour inclure les enfants avec Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA) dans les classes ordinaires. Pourtant, ces outils restent sous-utilisés. De multiples raisons peuvent expliquer ce constat, et notamment des lacunes de conception de ces applications. Dans cet article, nous mettons en lumière les succès obtenus par les quelques études qui ont basé leur conception sur les méthodes centrées utilisateur menées auprès d'enfants avec TSA et des acteurs de leur scolarisation. Ces méthodes semblent permettre de concevoir des applications adaptées, utilisables, et utiles dans un contexte scolaire ordinaire, et in fine faciliter leur adoption par toutes les parties prenantes (élèves TSA, enseignants, AVS, praticiens, parents,etc.). Mots clés — Applications numériques, conception centrée utilisateur, design inclusif, design participatif, autisme, troubles du spectre autistique

Cascade or Direct Speech Translation? A Case Study

Speech translation has been traditionally tackled under a cascade approach, chaining speech recognition and machine translation components to translate from an audio source in a given language into text or speech in a target language. Leveraging on deep learning approaches to natural language processing, recent studies have explored the potential of direct end-to-end neural modelling to perform the speech translation task. Though several benefits may come from end-to-end modelling, such as a reduction in latency and error propagation, the comparative merits of each approach still deserve detailed evaluations and analyses. In this work, we compared state-of-the-art cascade and direct approaches on the under-resourced Basque–Spanish language pair, which features challenging phenomena such as marked differences in morphology and word order. This case study thus complements other studies in the field, which mostly revolve around the English language. We describe and analysed in detail the mintzai-ST corpus, prepared from the sessions of the Basque Parliament, and evaluated the strengths and limitations of cascade and direct speech translation models trained on this corpus, with variants exploiting additional data as well. Our results indicated that, despite significant progress with end-to-end models, which may outperform alternatives in some cases in terms of automated metrics, a cascade approach proved optimal overall in our experiments and manual evaluations. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Evaluating domain adaptation in machine translation across scenarios

We present an evaluation of the benefits of domain adaptation for machine translation, on three separate domains and language pairs, with varying degrees of domain specificity and amounts of available training data. Domain-adapted statistical and neural machine translation systems are compared to each other and to generic online systems, thus providing an evaluation of the main options in terms of machine translation. Alongside automated translation metrics, we present experimental results involving professional translators, in terms of quality assessment, subjective evaluations of the task and post-editing productivity measurements. The results we present quantify the clear advantages of domain adaptation for machine translation, with marked impacts for domains with higher specificity. Additionally, the results of the experiments show domain-adapted neural machine translation systems to be the optimal choice overal

Cognitive mediators of school-related socio-adaptive behaviors in children and adolescents with ASD: A pilot study.

International audienceSchool inclusion of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is still a research challenge. Promoting school inclusion notably requires the understanding of cognitive underpinnings of ASD related limitations in school adaptive behaviors. More, such knowledge might provide relevant intervention’s targets for fostering school inclusion of youths with ASD. Our study aimed at exploring the relationships between school-related adaptive behaviors and cognitive functioning in youths with ASD according to the distinction of general (IQ, age) and specific cognitive factors (social-emotional skills, executive functions).Forty-five participants were recruited in specialized classrooms, including 27 with ASD (mean age = 14.26), and 18 with intellectual and/or learning disability (non-ASD) (mean age = 14.17). The participants, their parents and/or the specialized teachers answered to a set of tests measuring the cognitive functioning, school-related socio-adaptive behaviors and quality of life. After group comparisons on each measure, we performed multiple regression analyses for determining whether general and/or specific cognitive factors may predict school-related socio-adaptive behaviors and quality of life, which constitute hallmarks of school disability.Both groups exhibited equal performances on socio-emotional and executive measures. By contrast, youths with ASD showed more difficulties in socio-adaptive behaviors than youths in no-ASD group. Regression analyses revealed a single strong contribution of socio-emotional skills for predicting such limitations in the ASD group, while IQ and age were the best contributors in the non-ASD group. The low quality of life reported in both groups was slightly predicted by executive performances. These results emphasized the critical role of socio-emotional skills in the socio-adaptive functioning of youths with ASD at school, as well as the role of executive functioning in school-related quality of life

Fostering parents-professional collaboration for facilitating the school inclusion of students with ASD: design of the "ToGather" web-based prototype

In recent years, many psycho-educational technologies were studied to address the school-related difficulties encountered by students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most of them remain individual-centered and do not consider the social environment. To fill this gap, this study reports on the user-centered design of a web-based support tool, which aims to support communication and coordination between parents, school staff and health professionals of middle and high school students with ASD, in the context of elaborating, implementing, and following an Individualized Education Plan. The study followed a two-step design process: (1) a need analysis for identifying information domains deemed important by the stakeholders; (2) through a participative iterative design process, a panel of professionals and parents provided ideas and feedbacks on the design, which was integrated in subsequent prototype versions of the "ToGather" app. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11423-021-10073-w