Interacción entre procesos sedimentarios longitudinales y transversales en el Mar de Alborán durante el Plioceno y Cuaternario

Several morphosedimentary signatures produced by the interaction between alongslope and downslope sedimentary processes have been identified in the Pliocene and Quaternary records as well as on the present-day seafloor of the Alboran Sea. The scenarios of interaction move between two-end-members: from bottom currents dominating gravity flows to gravity flows dominating contour currents. In between these extreme cases, the alternation and balancing of both processes can occur; bottom current activity influencing the gravity flows has been also detected. Although interaction occurs in the Spanish and Moroccan margins, it is especially complex and varied on the Spanish margin, with regional and local effects on the turbidite systems. In contrast, the interaction on the Moroccan margin primarily inhibits the formation of canyons and related fan lobe deposits.Versión del edito

New evidences of the interplay between a turbidite canyon (Guadiaro canyon, NW Alboran Sea) and current-driven along slope processes

Workshop. Alboran Domain and Gibraltar Arc: Geological Research and Natural Hazards - El dominio de Alborán y el Arco de Gibraltar: Investigación geológica y riesgos naturales - Le Domaine Alboran et l'Arch de Gibraltar: Recherche géologique et risques naturels, 16-18 octubre 2019, Granada..-- 2 pages, 1 figureThe NW Alboran Sea contains geological evidences of the intricate interplay of downslope and alongslope features on one hand, and of the interaction of the Atlantic Waters flowing out and the intermediate Mediterranean Waters (MWs) flowing into the Strait of Gibraltar on the other hand.Both of these interactions are of high scientific relevance and have been studied separately before, but must also be considered together since both phenomena occur simultaneously. The work is based on data acquired during the FAUCES surveys, comprising high-resolution bathymetry and seismic profiles, in combination with a database comprising seismic profiles acquired since the 70s. The interaction between downslope and alongslope processes occurs on both margins of the Alboran Sea, but this interaction is especially complex in the Spanish margin, where the turbidite canyons cut the continuity of terraced plastered drifts. The interaction may vary between the dominance of downslope processes over the alongslope processes (i.e., Almeria turbidite system), the alternation between downslope and alongslope deposits (which is the case of the most recent lobe of the Guadiaro fan) and the influence of alongslope processes over downslope processes. The Guadiaro canyon provides an example of the last case: After a first phase in which the canyon was incised, during a second phase (Pliocene) downslope processes were dominant, as indicated by the chaotic facies infilling the canyon incision. A last phase (Quaternary) characterized by stratified discontinuous facies indicate a greater influence of contourite alongslope deposits. During the stage two and mostly during stage three, the lateral accretion of packages (LAPs) of stratified facies with NE progradation trend have been recognized on its SW side (right margin), progressively invading of the Guadiaro Palaeocanyon and affecting its current location and shape (Fig. 1). These findings have been confirmed by isochore maps, in which a depocentre of Quaternary age runs parallel to the canyon on its SW side. The oceanography of the study area is marked by the closeness to the Strait of Gibraltar, located to the west. The Mediterranean intermediate waters, comprising Western Intermediate Waters (WIW), Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) and the upper portion of Tyrrhenian Dense Waters (TDWi), flow along the Spanish margin towards the Strait. On the opposite, the Atlantic Waters enter forming a strong jet into the Mediterranean. These two groups of water masses are separated by a pycnocline, along which internal waves formed in the Camarinal Sill travel eastwards. The NE progradation of the LAPs affecting the Guadiaro canyon points to the much stronger effect of the Atlantic Jet and the eastwardtravelling internal waves over the intermediate MWs directed towards the Strait of Gibraltar. Ultimately, these findings may shed light on one of the reasons behind the sudden abandonment and obliteration of the Estepona Palaeocanyon after the BQD, possibly located where the Atlantic Jet and the internal waves cease their sediment transport towards the NE and where the weaker SW transport by the intermediate Mediterranean Waters become the only alongslope transport mechanismContribution from Project FAUCES - CTM2015-65461-C2-R (MINECO/FEDER

Water mass footprints in uneven turbidite system development in the Alboran Sea

Multidisciplinary work between oceanography, geomorphology and sedimentology has uncovered evidence explaining the uneven development of the turbidite systems (TSs) in the Alboran Sea. Nine TSs have been mapped in the Spanish margin, ranging from sandy to mixed sand-mud fans, and which become sandier towards the Strait of Gibraltar; in contrast TSs do not develop in the Moroccan margin, where three canyons incise the continental slope but there is no TS formation. We interpret that the uneven development of TSs in the two margins and their variable architectures are conditioned by the interaction of alongslope with downslope processes. Two different interaction scenarios with varying intensities are proposed.Versión del edito

Nutritional Status and Eating Disorder in Adolescents from two Rural Communities

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son enfermedades psiquiátricas que se caracterizan por distorsiones en la imagen corporal y el peso, lo que afecta la alimentación y la salud mental. Factores como aspectos socioculturales, individuales, biológicos y familiares contribuyen a su desarrollo. La falta de educación nutricional en comunidades rurales agrava el problema, limitando a los adolescentes a dietas poco variadas y desequilibradas debido a la escasez de recursos económicos y acceso limitado a la educación. Este trabajo se realizó en dos Telesecundarias rurales, donde se evaluó el estado nutricional y la presencia de TCA en 165 adolescentes. Se encontró que la mayoría tiene una estatura y peso normales, pero un porcentaje significativo presenta problemas de peso y obesidad. Respecto a los TCA, la mayoría no está preocupada por engordar, algunos tienen episodios de atracones y pocos experimentan preocupaciones constantes. La variabilidad en el estado nutricional rural se atribuye a la falta de recursos económicos, aunque la obtención de alimentos del campo puede ser beneficiosa. La baja incidencia de TCA se relaciona con la limitada exposición a estereotipos de belleza debido al aislamiento de estas comunidades.Eating disorders (ED) are psychiatric diseases characterized by distortions in body image and weight, which affect eating and mental health. Factors such as sociocultural, individual, biological and family aspects contribute to its development. The lack of nutritional education in rural communities aggravates the problem, limiting adolescents to poorly varied and unbalanced diets due to scarce economic resources and limited access to education. This work was carried out in two rural telesecondary schools, where the nutritional status and the presence of eating disorders were evaluated in 165 adolescents. It was found that the majority have a normal height and weight, but a significant percentage has weight problems and obesity. Regarding EDs, most are not worried about gaining weight, some have episodes of binge eating, and few experience constant worries. The variability in rural nutritional status is attributed to the lack of economic resources, although obtaining food from the countryside can be beneficial. The low incidence of ED is related to limited exposure to beauty stereotypes due to the isolation of these communities

Biotic and abiotic factors shape the microbiota of wild-caught populations of the arbovirus vector Culicoides imicola

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are known vectors of arboviruses affecting human and animal health. However, little is known about Culicoides imicola microbiota and its influence on this insect’s biology. In this study, the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on C. imicola microbiota was characterized using shotgun-metagenomic sequencing of whole-body DNA samples. Wild-caught C. imicola adult nulliparous females were sampled in two locations from Sicily, Italy. The climatic variables of temperature and soil moisture from both localities were recorded together with potential host bloodmeal sources. Shared core microbiome among C. imicola populations included Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Halomonas, Candidatus Zinderia, Propionibacterium, and Schizosaccharomyces. Specific and unique taxa were also found in C. imicola from each location, highlighting similarities and differences in microbiome composition between the two populations. DNA and protein identification showed differences in host preferences between the two populations, with Homo sapiens and Canis lupus familiaris L. being the preferred bloodmeal source in both locations. A principal component analysis showed that the combined effect of host preferences (H. sapiens) and local soil moisture factors shape the microbiome composition of wild-caught populations of C. imicola. These results contribute to characterizing the role of the microbiome in insect adaptation and its utility in predicting geographic expansion of Culicoides species with potential implications for the control of vector-borne diseases.This work was financially supported by the H2020 COllaborative Management Platform for detection and Analyses of (Re-) emerging and foodborne outbreaks in Europe (COMPARE) grant 643476, and the Italian Ministry of Health grants RC IZS SI 01/13 and RC IZS SI 03/15.Peer reviewe

CyberKnife Robotic-Assisted Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Advanced Stages of Ciliochoroidal Uveal Melanoma. Preliminary Results in Mexico

Objective: The objective of this study was to report the early results of CyberKnife® (CK®) stereotactic radiosurgery in advanced stages of ciliochoroidal (CBCh) melanoma in Mexican patients. Methods: A retrospective review of charts was performed to analyze the outcomes of patients who underwent CK® (Accuray Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, United States). Results: Four patients with CBCh melanoma were treated under this protocol. The mean age was 53.2 ± 5.3 years (range, 47-60). Median of follow-up was 9.5 ± 3.1 months (range, 5-12). Mean tumor diameter was 13.49 mm, mean thickness, 11.74 mm, and mean gross tumor volume was 1251.97 mm3. Tumors were dome- (50%) and mushroom-shaped (50%) in medium-to-large sizes. Three patients had T3b tumors, and one had a T4d tumor at the early tumor staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer. A mean dose of 2763 ± 181.3 cGy was prescribed to the 90% isodose line. All patients achieved local tumor control after single-session radiosurgery at the latest follow-up. One patient presented with acute toxicity (extensive serous retinal detachment associated with radiation induced tumor vasculopathy) that was promptly managed. None of the patients required secondary enucleation. Conclusions: CK® appears to be an effective therapy for medium to large-sized CBCh melanoma. A prospective comparative study with longer follow-up is needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate long-term morbidity

Identifying Where REDD+ Financially Out Competes Oil Palm in Floodplain Landscapes Using a Fine-Scale Approach

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) aims to avoid forest conversion to alternative land-uses through financial incentives. Oil-palm has high opportunity costs, which according to current literature questions the financial competitiveness of REDD+ in tropical lowlands. To understand this more, we undertook regional finescale and coarse-scale analyses (through carbon mapping and economic modelling) to assess the financial viability of REDD+ in safeguarding unprotected forest (30,173 ha) in the Lower Kinabatangan floodplain in Malaysian Borneo. Results estimate 4.7 million metric tons of carbon (MgC) in unprotected forest, with 64% allocated for oil-palm cultivations. Through fine-scale mapping and carbon accounting, we demonstrated that REDD+ can outcompete oil-palm in regions with low suitability, with low carbon prices and low carbon stock. In areas with medium oil-palm suitability, REDD+ could outcompete oil palm in areas with: very high carbon and lower carbon price; medium carbon price and average carbon stock; or, low carbon stock and high carbon price. Areas with high oil palm suitability, REDD + could only outcompete with higher carbon price and higher carbon stock. In the coarse-scale model, oil-palm outcompeted REDD+ in all cases. For the fine-scale models at the landscape level, low carbon offset prices (US $3 MgCO2e) would enable REDD+ to outcompete oil-palm in 55$27 million to secure these areas for 25 years. Higher carbon offset price (US $30 MgCO2e) would increase the competitiveness of REDD+ within the landscape but would still only capture between 69$380–416 million in carbon financing. REDD+ has been identified as a strategy to mitigate climate change by many countries (including Malaysia). Although REDD+ in certain scenarios cannot outcompete oil palm, this research contributes to the global REDD+ debate by: highlighting REDD+ competitiveness in tropical floodplain landscapes; and, providing a robust approach for identifying and targeting limited REDD+ funds

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis