Prevalence of burnout syndrome among teachers according to educational stage and the teaching experience

Se confirma que el síndrome de burnout constituye un serio riesgo no solo para la salud de los docentes, sino también por los efectos en la educación de los niños y jóvenes. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar en profesionales de la educación la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout según la etapa educativa y la experiencia docente. La muestra la componen 171 docentes de Educación Infantil, Primaria, Secundaria y Bachillerato. Los resultados confirman que no existe asociación entre la presencia de burnout con la variable etapa educativa, aunque sí se evidencia una clara tendencia de índices de burnout incrementados en Educación Primaria y ESO-bachillerato y niveles atenuados en Educación Infantil. El efecto del factor años de experiencia docente resultó ser estadísticamente no significativo tanto para cada una de las dimensiones del burnout, como para la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout.This can cause teachers to suffer from the burnout syndrome which is a serious risk not only for teachers themselves, but also for the effects on children and young people education. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence of burnout syndrome according to educational stage and the teaching experience. The sample includes 171 Childhood, Primary, Secondary and A levels teachers. The results confirm that there is no association between the presence of burnout and the educational stage variable, however there is a clear trend of elevated burnout rate in primary school, ESO and A levels and diminished levels in Childhood education. The effect of experience years resulted to be not statistically significant, not only for each one of the burnout dimensions, but also for the burnout syndrome prevalence

Hubbard U library and high throughput exploration of spin Hamiltonian parameters for the rational design of metal trihalides MX3_3 (M={Ti,V,Cr,Fe}, X={Cl,Br,I}) with high Curie temperature

Metal trihalides (MX$_3$) are the most important family of 2D magnetic materials, being the chromium trihalides the most studied 2D magnets. The discovery of CrI$_3$, the recent obtention of CrCl$_3$ in-plane magnetic monolayer and the role of CrBr$_3$ inducing topological superconductivity in NbSe$_2$, may serve to showcase the active research being done in this family nowadays. Despite the high impact of these materials, most of the members in the MX$_3$ family are still unexplored and constitute an untapped source of interesting physical properties. Stimulated by the most recent advances in straintronics and aware of the crucial role of the dielectric screening, we present here a high throughput methodology to automatize the exploration of 2D materials. Employing this methodology, we studied the MX$_3$ family (M= Cr, Fe, V, Ti; X= Cl, Br, I) with the goal of advancing towards the solution of the most problematic issue in these materials, namely the Curie temperature. We use a particular case to show how this methodology allows us to obtain a complete description of the magnetic interaction picture (J$_{iso}$, J$_{xx}$, J$_{yy}$, J$_{zz}$) up to third neighbors condensed in a single effective equation per parameter, describing magnetic interaction in terms of the strain and the Hubbard U parameter. Additionally, and because of the important role of the Hubbard U in MX$_3$ materials, we provide a library of self-consistent calculated Hubbard U for the principal pseudopotential families. The work presented herein advances in the description of the still unexplored MX$_3$ materials, opening the door to a rational design of 2D magnetic materials

Mitochondrial hyperpolarization in iPSC-derived neurons from patients of FTDP-17 with 10+16 MAPT mutation leads to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration

Tau protein inclusions are a frequent hallmark of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. The 10+16 intronic mutation in MAPT gene, encoding tau, causes frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), by altering the splicing of the gene and inducing an increase in the production of 4R tau isoforms, which are more prone to aggregation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking increased 4R tau to neurodegeneration are not well understood. Here, we have used iPSC-derived neurons from patients of FTDP-17 carrying the 10+16 mutation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We show that mitochondrial function is altered in the neurons of the patients. We found that FTDP-17 neurons present an increased mitochondrial membrane potential, which is partially maintained by the F1Fo ATPase working in reverse mode. The 10+16 MAPT mutation is also associated with lower mitochondrial NADH levels, partially supressed complex I-driven respiration, and lower ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, with cells relying on glycolysis to maintain ATP levels. Increased mitochondrial membrane potential in FTDP-17 neurons leads to overproduction of the ROS in mitochondria, which in turn causes oxidative stress and cell death. Mitochondrial ROS overproduction in these cells is a major trigger for neuronal cell death and can be prevented by mitochondrial antioxidants

Magnon straintronics in the 2D van der Waals ferromagnet CrSBr from first-principles

The recent isolation of two-dimensional (2D) magnets offers tantalizing opportunities for spintronics and magnonics at the limit of miniaturization. One of the key advantages of atomically-thin materials is their outstanding deformation capacity, which provides an exciting avenue to control their properties by strain engineering. Herein, we investigate the magnetic properties, magnon dispersion and spin dynamics of the air-stable 2D magnetic semiconductor CrSBr ($T_C$ = 146 K) under mechanical strain using first-principles calculations. Our results provide a deep microscopic analysis of the competing interactions that stabilize the long-range ferromagnetic order in the monolayer. We showcase that the magnon dynamics of CrSBr can be modified selectively along the two main crystallographic directions as a function of applied strain, probing the potential of this quasi-1D electronic system for magnon straintronics applications. Moreover, we predict a strain-driven enhancement of $T_C$ considering environmental screening by ~30%, allowing the propagation of spin waves at higher temperatures

High-throughput SNP genotyping in Cucurbita pepo for map construction and quantitative trait loci mapping

Background: Cucurbita pepo is amember of the Cucurbitaceae family, the second-most important horticultural family in terms of economic importance after Solanaceae. The ¿summer squash¿ types, including Zucchini and Scallop, rank among the highest-valued vegetables worldwide. There are few genomic tools available for this species. The first Cucurbita transcriptome, along with a large collection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), was recently generated using massive sequencing. A set of 384 SNP was selected to generate an Illumina GoldenGate assay in order to construct the first SNP-based genetic map of Cucurbita and map quantitative trait loci (QTL). Results: We herein present the construction of the first SNP-based genetic map of Cucurbita pepo using a population derived from the cross of two varieties with contrasting phenotypes, representing the main cultivar groups of the species¿ two subspecies: Zucchini (subsp. pepo) ¿ Scallop (subsp. ovifera). The mapping population was genotyped with 384 SNP, a set of selected EST-SNP identified in silico after massive sequencing of the transcriptomes of both parents, using the Illumina GoldenGate platform. The global success rate of the assay was higher than 85%. In total, 304 SNP were mapped, along with 11 SSR from a previous map, giving a map density of 5.56 cM/marker. This map was used to infer syntenic relationships between C. pepo and cucumber and to successfully map QTL that control plant, flowering and fruit traits that are of benefit to squash breeding. The QTL effects were validated in backcross populations. Conclusion: Our results show that massive sequencing in different genotypes is an excellent tool for SNP discovery, and that the Illumina GoldenGate platform can be successfully applied to constructing genetic maps an performing QTL analysis in Cucurbita. This is the first SNP-based genetic map in the Cucurbita genus and is an invaluable new tool for biological research, especially considering that most of these markers are located in the coding regions of genes involved in different physiological processes. The platform will also be useful for future mapping and diversity studies, and will be essential in order to accelerate the process of breeding new and better adapted squash varieties.This research was funded by the INIA projects RTA2008-00035-C02-01/02 and RTA2011-00044-C02-1/2 of the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria and FEDER funds (EU). The NVD grant was supported by the Programa de Formacion del Personal Tecnico e Investigador from IFAPA, co-financed with European Social Funds. The authors wish to thank P. Salas and E. Martinez Perez for their technical assistance in the fruit characterization. We are thankful for the kindly suggestions of Dr. Harry Paris for the F2 C. pepo mapping population.Esteras Gómez, C.; Gómez, P.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Blanca Postigo, JM.; Vicente-Dolera, N.; Roig Montaner, MC.; Nuez Viñals, F.... (2012). High-throughput SNP genotyping in Cucurbita pepo for map construction and quantitative trait loci mapping. BMC Genomics. 13(80):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-80S121138

Familial Alzheimer's Disease Lymphocytes Respond Differently Than Sporadic Cells to Oxidative Stress: Upregulated p53-p21 Signaling Linked with Presenilin 1 Mutants

Familial (FAD) and sporadic (SAD) Alzheimer's disease do not share all pathomechanisms, but knowledge on their molecular differences is limited. We previously reported that cell cycle control distinguishes lymphocytes from SAD and FAD patients. Significant differences were found in p21 levels of SAD compared to FAD lymphocytes. Since p21 can also regulate apoptosis, the aim of this study was to compare the response of FAD and SAD lymphocytes to oxidative stress like 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dRib) treatment and to investigate the role of p21 levels in this response. We report that FAD cells bearing seven different PS1 mutations are more resistant to 2dRib-induced cell death than control or SAD cells: FAD cells showed a lower apoptosis rate and a lower depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. Despite that basal p21 cellular content was lower in FAD than in SAD cells, in response to 2dRib, p21 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in FAD cells. Moreover, we found a higher cytosolic accumulation of p21 in FAD cells. The transcriptional activation of p21 was shown to be dependent on p53, as it can be blocked by PFT-α, and correlated with the increased phosphorylation of p53 at Serine 15. Our results suggest that in FAD lymphocytes, the p53-mediated increase in p21 transcription, together with a shift in the nucleocytoplasmic localization of p21, confers a survival advantage against 2dRib-induced apoptosis. This compensatory mechanism is absent in SAD cells. Thus, therapeutic and diagnostic designs should take into account possible differential apoptotic responses in SAD versus FAD cells

Ultra-broad spectral photo-response in FePS3 air-stable devices

Van der Waals materials with narrow energy gaps and efficient response over a broadband optical spectral range are key to widen the energy window of nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Here, we characterize FePS3 as an appealing narrow-gap p-type semiconductor with an efficient broadband photo-response, a high refractive index, and a remarkable resilience against air and light exposure. To enable fast prototyping, we provide a straightforward guideline to determine the thickness of few-layered FePS3 nanosheets extracted from the optical transmission characteristics of several flakes. The analysis of the electrical photo-response of FePS3 devices as a function of the excitation energy confirms a narrow gap suitable for near IR detection (1.23 eV) and, more interestingly, reveals a broad spectral responsivity up to the ultraviolet region. The experimental estimate for the gap energy is corroborated by ab-initio calculations. An analysis of photocurrent as a function of gate voltage and incident power reveals a photo-response dominated by photogating effects. Finally, aging studies of FePS3 nanosheets under ambient conditions show a limited reactivity of the outermost layers of flakes in long exposures to air

Photoluminescence Enhancement by Band Alignment Engineering in MoS2/FePS3 van der Waals Heterostructures

Single-layer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (2H-TMDs) display robust excitonic photoluminescence emission, which can be improved by controlled changes to the environment and the chemical potential of the material. However, a drastic emission quench has been generally observed when TMDs are stacked in van der Waals heterostructures, which often favor the nonradiative recombination of photocarriers. Herein, we achieve an enhancement of the photoluminescence of single-layer MoS2 on top of van der Waals FePS3. The optimal energy band alignment of this heterostructure preserves light emission of MoS2 against nonradiative interlayer recombination processes and favors the charge transfer from MoS2, an n-type semiconductor, to FePS3, a p-type narrow-gap semiconductor. The strong depletion of carriers in the MoS2 layer is evidenced by a dramatic increase in the spectral weight of neutral excitons, which is strongly modulated by the thickness of the FePS3 underneath, leading to the increase of photoluminescence intensity. The present results demonstrate the potential for the rational design of van der Waals heterostructures with advanced optoelectronic properties.The authors acknowledge funding from Generalitat Valenciana through grants IDIFEDER/2020/005, IDIFEDER/2018/061, PROMETEO Program and PO FEDER Program, the APOSTD/2020/249 fellowship for M.R., and support from the Plan Gen-T of Excellence for J.J.B. (CDEIGENT/ 2019/022), J.C.-F. (CIDEGENT/2018/005), and M.R.C (CideGenT2018004); from the Spanish MCINN through grants PLASTOP PID2020-119124RB-I00, 2D-HETEROS PID2020-117152RB-100, and Excellence Unit “María de Maeztu” CEX2019-000919-M; and from the European Union (ERC-2021-StG-101042680 2D-SMARTiES and ERC AdG Mol-2D 788222)

Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Zarid, M., García-Carpintero, V., Esteras, C., Esteva, J., Bueso, M.C., Cañizares, J., Picó, M.B., Monforte, A.J. and Fernández-Trujillo, J.P. (2021), Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening. J Sci Food Agric, 101: 754-777, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10688. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] BACKGROUND A near-isogenic line (NIL) of melon (SC10-2) with introgression in linkage group X was studied from harvest (at firm-ripe stage of maturity) until day 18 of postharvest storage at 20.5 degrees C together with its parental control ('Piel de Sapo', PS). RESULTS SC10-2 showed higher flesh firmness and whole fruit hardness but lower juiciness than its parental. SC10-2 showed a decrease in respiration rate accompanied by a decrease in ethylene production during ripening, both of which fell to a greater extent than in PS. The introgression affected 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the levels of which during ripening were generally higher in SC10-2 than in PS. Transcriptomic analysis from RNA-Seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the effects studied. For example, 909 DEGs were exclusive to the introgression, and only 23 DEGs were exclusive to postharvest ripening time. Major functions of the DEGs associated with introgression or ripening time were identified by cluster analysis. About 37 genes directly and/or indirectly affected the delay in ripening of SC10-2 compared with PS in general and, more particularly, the physiological and quality traits measured and, probably, the differential non-climacteric response. Of the former genes, we studied in more detail at least five that mapped in the introgression in linkage group (LG) X, and 32 outside it. CONCLUSION There is an apparent control of textural changes, VOCs and fruit ripening by an expression quantitative trait locus located in LG X together with a direct control on them due to genes presented in the introgression (CmTrpD,CmNADH1,CmTCP15,CmGDSL esterase/lipase, andCmHK4-like) and CmNAC18.This work was funded by grants 11784/PI/09 (Seneca Foundation, Region of Murcia) and Ministry of Economy and Innovation (AGL2010-20858). M Zarid acknowledges an UE-Erasmus predoctoral fellowship, a program coordinated by the University of Murcia in the framework of CMN. Thanks are due to Semillas Fitó SA (Barcelona, Spain), for providing seeds of PS melons and IRTACRAG for the seeds of SC10-2. We acknowledge the assistance of P Varó and his team in CIFEA-Torre Pacheco for crop management, to N Dos-Santos, M Medina, M García-Gutiérrez, A Hakmaoui, E Cuadros, I Canales and AA Escudero (UPCT) for sampling and technical assistance, to SAIT-UPCT for GC-MS analysis, to AG Sifres (COMAV) for RNA extraction, and to CNAG (Barcelona) for professional assistance in RNA-Seq. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.Zarid, M.; García-Carpintero, V.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Esteva, J.; Bueso, MC.; Cañizares Sales, J.; Picó Sirvent, MB.... (2021). Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 101(2):754-777. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10688S7547771012Ríos, P., Argyris, J., Vegas, J., Leida, C., Kenigswald, M., Tzuri, G., … Garcia-Mas, J. (2017). 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