A abordagem do design em um laboratório de inovação do governo : o caso Colab-i

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Desenho Industrial, 2017. Relatório dos projetos de diplomação em Design, nas habilitações de Programação Visual e Projeto de Produto.Neste trabalho é apresentado as práticas de design adotadas pelo Laboratório de Inovação do Tribunal de Contas da União na condução de seus projetos, assim como as habilidades de domínio dos atores que conduzem os projetos de inovação, mostrando o diferencial do seu método frente amodelos projetuais tradicionais. A narrativa amplia-se na discussão das perspectivas do uso formal da abordagem do design, assim como seus atributos, que podem ser utilizados em projetos que visam conduzir à práticas mais inovadoras, tornando-se um diferencial

GBV-C/HGV and HIV-1 coinfection

An interesting interaction pattern has been found between HIV-1 and GBV-C/HGV, resulting in protection against progression to AIDS. The mechanisms involved in this interaction remain to be clarified. We examined the current knowledge concerning this coinfection and developed hypotheses to explain its effects. A better understanding of this interaction could result in new concepts, which may lead to new strategies to control HIV-1 replication and progression to AIDS.Federal University of São PauloPró-Sangue FoundationUNIFESPSciEL

SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 disease: a mini review on diagnostic methods

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease initially reported in China and currently worldwide dispersed caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) affecting more than seven million people around the world causing more than 400 thousand deaths (on June 8th, 2020). The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the clinical and epidemiological history of the patient. However, the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is the viral detection through the amplification of nucleic acids. Although the quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been described as the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19, there are several difficulties involving its use. Here we comment on RT-PCR and describe alternative tests developed for the diagnosis of COVID-19

Ausência de transmissão vertical do HTLV-I em crianças não amamentadas

The most frequent pathway of vertical transmission of HTLV-I is breast-feeding, however bottle fed children may also become infected in a frequency varying from 4 to 14%. In these children the most probable routes of infection are transplacental or contamination in the birth canal. Forty-one bottle-fed children of HTLV-I seropositive mothers in ages varying from three to 39 months (average age of 11 months) were submitted to nested polymerase chain reaction analysis (pol and tax genes). 81.5% of the children were born by an elective cesarean section. No case of infection was detected. The absence of HTLV-I infection in these cases indicates that transmission by transplacental route may be very infrequent.A amamentação é o meio mais freqüente de transmissão vertical do HTLV-I. No entanto, crianças não amamentadas mostram-se infectadas em freqüências que variam de 4 a 14%. Nestes casos, os meios mais prováveis de infecção devem ser através da placenta ou por contaminação no canal de parto. Quarenta e um filhos de portadoras do HTLV-I aleitados artificialmente foram submetidos a pesquisa do vírus pela reação em cadeia da polimerase. 81,5% destas crianças nasceram através de cesária eletiva. Nenhum caso de infecção pelo HTLV-I foi detectado. Este fato indica que a infecção por via transplacentária é pouco freqüente e que é provável que o parto artificial tenha contribuído para a ausência de transmissão do vírus

Factors associated with incomplete vaccination and negative antibody test results for measles, mumps, and hepatitis A among children followed in the MINA-BRAZIL cohort

Vaccination coverage has been dropping in Brazil and other countries. In addition, immune responses after vaccination may not be homogeneous, varying according to sociodemographic and clinical factors. Understanding the determinants of incomplete vaccination and negative antibody test results may contribute to the development of strategies to improve vaccination effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of vaccine adherence, factors associated with incomplete vaccination for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and hepatitis A, and factors associated with the seronegative test results for measles, mumps and hepatitis A at 2 years of age. This was a population-based cohort that addressed health conditions and mother/infant nutrition in Cruzeiro do Sul city, Brazil. Vaccination data were obtained from official certificates of immunization. The children underwent blood collection at the two-year-old follow-up visit; the samples were analyzed using commercially available kits to measure seropositivity for measles, mumps, and hepatitis A. We used modified Poisson regression models adjusted for covariates to identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination and negative serology after vaccination. Out of the 825 children included in the study, adherence to the vaccine was 90.6% for MMR, 76.7% for the MMRV (MMR + varicella), and 74.9% for the hepatitis A vaccine. For MMR, after the adjustment for covariates, factors associated with incomplete vaccination included: white-skinned mother; paid maternity leave; raising more than one child; lower number of antenatal consultations; and attending childcare. For hepatitis A, the factors included: white-skinned mother and not having a cohabiting partner. The factors with statistically significant association with a negative antibody test result included: receiving Bolsa Familia allowance for measles and mumps; incomplete vaccination for measles; and vitamin A deficiency for mumps. Strategies to improve the efficiency of vaccine programs are urgently needed. These include improvements in communication about vaccine safety and efficacy, and amplification of access to primary care facilities, prioritizing children exposed to the sociodemographic factors identified in this study. Additionally, sociodemographic factors and vitamin A deficiency may impact the immune responses to vaccines, leading to an increased risk of potentially severe and preventable diseases

Anti-Zika virus activity of several abietane-type ferruginol analogues

[EN] Abietane diterpenoids are naturally occurring plant metabolites with a broad spectrum of biological effects including antibacterial. antileishmanial, antitumor, antioxidant, as well as antiinfiammatory activities. Recently, we found that some analogues of natural ferruginol (2) actively inhibited dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) replication. Due to the similarity with DENY, we envisaged that abietane diteipenoids would also be active against Zika virus (ZIKV). Six selected semi-synthetic abietane derivatives of (+)-dehydroabietylatnine (3) were tested. Cytotoxicity was determined by Mn' assay in Vero cells. In vitro anti-ZIKV (clinical isolate. imT17) activity was evaluated by plaque assay. Interestingly, these molecules showed potential as anti-ZIKV agents, with EC50 values ranging from 0.67 to 18.57 mu M. and cytotoxicity (CC50 values) from 256 to 35.09 mu M. The 18-Oxoferruginol (8) (EC50 = 2.60 mu M, SI = 13.51) and 12-nitro-N-benzoyldehydroabietylamine (9) (ECG 0.67 mu M, SI = 3.82) were the most active compounds, followed by 12-hydroxy-N-tosyldehydroabietylamine (7) (EC50 = 3.58 mu M, SI = 3.20) and 12-hydroxy-N,N-phthaloyldehydroabietylamine (5) (EC50 = 7.76 mu M, SI = 1.23). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on anti-Zika virus properties of abietanes.Financial support from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, under a cooperation "ADSIDEO" research grant (AD1902), is gratefully acknowledged. We are also gratefully to the financial support of the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grants No 2013/01690-0, No 2019/03859-9, and FAPESP Scholarship No 2013/017029 to FTGS.Sousa, FTG.; Nunes, C.; Malta Romano, C.; Cerdeira Sabino, E.; González-Cardenete, MA. (2020). Anti-Zika virus activity of several abietane-type ferruginol analogues. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 62:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202062097S1462Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2020). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770-803. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285Hanson, J. R., Nichols, T., Mukhrish, Y., & Bagley, M. C. (2019). Diterpenoids of terrestrial origin. Natural Product Reports, 36(11), 1499-1512. doi:10.1039/c8np00079dGonzález, M. A. (2015). Aromatic abietane diterpenoids: their biological activity and synthesis. Natural Product Reports, 32(5), 684-704. doi:10.1039/c4np00110aBrandt, C. W., & Neubauer, L. G. (1939). 221. Miro resin. Part I. Ferruginol. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 1031. doi:10.1039/jr9390001031González, M. A., Clark, J., Connelly, M., & Rivas, F. (2014). Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 24(22), 5234-5237. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.061Balasubramanian, A., Teramoto, T., Kulkarni, A. A., Bhattacharjee, A. K., & Padmanabhan, R. (2017). Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Research, 137, 141-150. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.015Roa-Linares, V. C., Brand, Y. M., Agudelo-Gomez, L. S., Tangarife-Castaño, V., Betancur-Galvis, L. A., Gallego-Gomez, J. C., & González, M. A. (2016). Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 108, 79-88. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.009González, M. A., & Pérez-Guaita, D. (2012). Short syntheses of (+)-ferruginol from (+)-dehydroabietylamine. Tetrahedron, 68(47), 9612-9615. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.055Dea-Ayuela, M. A., Bilbao-Ramos, P., Bolás-Fernández, F., & González-Cardenete, M. A. (2016). Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of C7- and C12-functionalized dehydroabietylamine derivatives. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 121, 445-450. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.004Cory, A. H., Owen, T. C., Barltrop, J. A., & Cory, J. G. (1991). Use of an Aqueous Soluble Tetrazolium/Formazan Assay for Cell Growth Assays in Culture. Cancer Communications, 3(7), 207-212. doi:10.3727/095535491820873191Chattopadhyay, D., Sarkar, M. C.-, Chatterjee, T., Sharma Dey, R., Bag, P., Chakraborti, S., & Khan, M. T. H. (2009). Recent advancements for the evaluation of anti-viral activities of natural products. New Biotechnology, 25(5), 347-368. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.00

Distribuição dos genótipos do vírus GB-C (HGV) em indivíduos da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil

Há na literatura vários estudos filogenéticos e de distribuição de genótipos do chamado "Vírus GB-C" ou da "Hepatite G", mais conhecido pela dupla sigla "GBV-C/HGV". Ocorre que, em sua grande maioria, estas pesquisas foram realizadas com amostras de grupos ligados epidemiologicamente e não com indivíduos representativos da população geral. O presente estudo é uma continuação do primeiro trabalho no Brasil feito com este tipo de amostragem. Trata-se de análise filogenética e distribuição genotípica do GBV-C/HGV a partir de amostras isoladas dentre mais de 1.000 indivíduos da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, um fragmento de 728 pares de base da região 5' não-codificadora (5´NCR) do genoma viral, de 24 amostras, foi sequenciado e submetido à analise filogenética. Foram identificados os genótipos 1, 2a e 2b nas respectivas freqüências: 8,3% (2/24), 50% (12/24) e 41,7% (10/24). Concluindo, São Paulo apresenta uma distribuição de genótipos semelhante à publicada para outros estados e regiões do Brasil, endossando a idéia de que os tipos 1 e 2 teriam vindo com os africanos e europeus, respectivamente, e portanto estariam na população do país desde a sua formação.There has been several studies worldwide on phylogenetics and genotype distribution of the GB-virus C / Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV). However, in their great majority, those investigations were based on some epidemiologically linked group, rather than on a representative sampling of the general population. The present is a continuation of the first study in Brazil with such a population; it addresses the GBV-C/HGV phylogenetics and genotype distribution based on samples identified among more than 1,000 individuals of the city of São Paulo. For this purpose, a 728 bp fragment of the 5´non-coding region (5´NCR) of the viral genome, from 24 isolates, was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Genotypes 1, 2a and 2b were found at 8.3% (2/24), 50% (12/24) and 41.7% (10/24), respectively. In conclusion São Paulo displays a genotype distribution similar to the published data for other States and Regions of Brazil, endorsing the notion that types 1 and 2 would have entered the country with African and European people, respectively, since its earliest formation