Estudio teórico y experimental de un dispositivo de fibra óptica micro-estructurada con electrodos internos

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se analizó una fibra microestructurada con electrodos internos de indio y bismuto, evaluando de esta manera el comportamiento óptico de estos dispositivos totalmente integrados a fibra al emplear metales con coeficientes de expansión térmica diferentes. Se evidencio experimentalmente y teóricamente que existe un comportamiento óptico no lineal de las MOF empleando electrodos de indio y que dichas no linealidades para muestras de ~22 cm se dan a partir de temperaturas de 45 °C aplicadas sobre los electrodos. Se encontró a través de un protocolo de simulación que este comportamiento no lineal está fuertemente ligado a la rotación de los ejes de birrefringencia de la fibra al incrementar la temperatura aplicada con un sistema de calentamiento. Dichos resultados forman una base y punto de partida en el entendimiento del comportamiento multifísico de estas fibras, lo cual abre las puertas al inicio de la fabricación de dispositivos empleando esta tecnología.Abstract: This thesis analyzed a microstructured fiber with internal electrodes of indium and bismuth, thus evaluating the optical behavior of all fiber devices by using metals with different thermal expansion coefficients. It was noticed that there experimentally and theoretically non-linear optical behavior of the MOF using indium electrodes such nonlinearities to ~ 22 cm samples are given temperatures from 45 ° C applied to the electrodes. Found through a simulation that this protocol nonlinear behavior is strongly linked to the rotation of the birefringence axes of the fiber by increasing the temperature applied to a heating system. These results form a basis and starting point in understanding the multiphysics behavior of these fibers, which opens the door to the start of the fabrication of devices using this technology.Maestrí

Estudio comparativo de la normalización de competencias laborales en América

Informe en el que se expone de manera explícita los resultados del comparativo de metodologías de normalización de competencias laborales en Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, México, Perú y Centro América (Panamá y República Dominicana).Report in which the results of the comparison of methodologies for the standardization of labor competencies in Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Mexico, Peru and Central America (Panama and the Dominican Republic) are explicitly exposed.Presentación -- Metodología de recolección de información -- Muestra -- Selección de criterios temáticos “Clases o variables de estudio” -- Diseño del instrumento de comparación -- Análisis de casos -- Chile -- Ecuador -- Perú -- México -- Argentina -- Centro América, Panamá y República Dominicana -- Colombia -- Comparativo (Semejanzas y diferencias)na22 página

Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber Behaviour as a Chromatic Dispersion Compensator of a 40 Gbps Link

In this paper, the capabilities of chromatic dispersion compensation of a photonic crystal fiber with a hexagonal distribution of circular air holes was investigated. The vector finite element method with scattering boundary condition was used to analyze a set of configurations of the fiber in which the distance between air holes’ centers was modified. With this method it was possible to obtain the values of chromatic dispersion and confinement factor in the C fiber band. The best suited configurations were tested in a 160 km optical link with a bit rate of 40 Gbps. The performance was evaluated by measuring the bit error rate for a set of 20 channels with channel spacing of 100 GHz. The simulation results showed that is possible to reach values of chromatic dispersion as low as -850 ps/(nm⋅km) , confinement losses close to 10─3 dB/km and good BER results in the order of 〖10〗^(-17) for a wavelength of 1550 nm

Dutos de parede composta para águas ultra-profundas

ConcedidaTrata a presente invenção de um duto de camada composta (DPC), que compreende um sistema tubular rígido em três camadas sobrepostas, com funções térmicas e mecânicas, para ser utilizado no transporte de hidrocarbonetos aquecidos ou fluidos em geral, em águas ultra-profundas

Lifetime Economic Burden of Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Adults

Introduction: This study estimated the U.S. lifetime per-victim cost and economic burden of intimate partner violence. Methods: Data from previous studies were combined with 2012 U.S. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey data in a mathematical model. Intimate partner violence was defined as contact sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking victimization with related impact (e.g., missed work days). Costs included attributable impaired health, lost productivity, and criminal justice costs from the societal perspective. Mean age at first victimization was assessed as 25 years. Future costs were discounted by 3%. The main outcome measures were the mean per-victim (female and male) and total population (or economic burden) lifetime cost of intimate partner violence. Secondary outcome measures were marginal outcome probabilities among victims (e.g., anxiety disorder) and associated costs. Analysis was conducted in 2017. Results: The estimated intimate partner violence lifetime cost was $103,767 per female victim and$23,414 per male victim, or a population economic burden of nearly $3.6 trillion (2014 US$) over victims’ lifetimes, based on 43 million U.S. adults with victimization history. This estimate included $2.1 trillion (59$1.3 trillion (37%) in lost productivity among victims and perpetrators, $73 billion (2$62 billion (2%) in other costs, including victim property loss or damage. Government sources pay an estimated $1.3 trillion (37%) of the lifetime economic burden. Conclusions: Preventing intimate partner violence is possible and could avoid substantial costs. These findings can inform the potential benefit of prioritizing prevention, as well as evaluation of implemented prevention strategies

Methods of measuring residual stresses in components

Residual stresses occur in many manufactured structures and components. Large number of investigations have been carried out to study this phenomenon and its effect on the mechanical characteristics of these components. Over the years, different methods have been developed to measure residual stress for different types of components in order to obtain reliable assessment. The various specific methods have evolved over several decades and their practical applications have greatly benefited from the development of complementary technologies, notably in material cutting, full-field deformation measurement techniques, numerical methods and computing power. These complementary technologies have stimulated advances not only in measurement accuracy and reliability, but also in range of application; much greater detail in residual stresses measurement is now available. This paper aims to classify the different residual stresses measurement methods and to provide an overview of some of the recent advances in this area to help researchers on selecting their techniques among destructive, semi destructive and non destructive techniques depends on their application and the availabilities of those techniques. For each method scope, physical limitation, advantages and disadvantages are summarized. In the end this paper indicates some promising directions for future developments

Three-fiber optical probe for studying fluidized gas-solid beds in bubbling regime.

This work shows the development of a three-optical fi ber probe to study the behavior of the bubble in bubbling fluidized gas-solid beds. Its compact design allows minimizing disturbance to the fl ow fi eld, resulting in more accurate results than other probes. Bubbling fl uidized beds are widely used in petrochemical processes, metallurgical, and thermoelectric plants. The behavior of the bubble is one of the most important parameters for the simulation and design of thermoelectric reactors, as it relates to the jumping phase, the interaction between solid and gaseous phases of the bed, and the behavior of mass transfer. Knowing both the speed and the size of the bubble helps to characterize these systems, bringing about a better design of large-scale reactors

Three-fiber optical probe for studying fluidized gas-solid beds in bubbling regime

This work shows the development of a three-optical fi ber probe to study the behavior of the bubble in bubbling fl uidized gas-solid beds. Its compact design allows minimizing disturbance to the fl ow fi eld, resulting in more accurate results than other probes. Bubbling fl uidized beds are widely used in petrochemical processes, metallurgical, and thermoelectric plants. The behavior of the bubble is one of the most important parameters for the simulation and design of thermoelectric reactors, as it relates to the jumping phase, the interaction between solid and gaseous phases of the bed, and the behavior of mass transfer. Knowing both the speed and the size of the bubble helps to characterize these systems, bringing about a better design of large-scale reactors

Collapse of ring stiffened cylinders

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