47 research outputs found
Bragg spectroscopy for measuring Casimir-Polder interactions with Bose-Einstein condensates above corrugated surfaces
We propose a method to probe dispersive atom-surface interactions by measuring via two-photon Bragg spectroscopy the dynamic structure factor of a Bose-Einstein condensate above corrugated surfaces. This method takes advantage of the condensate coherence to reveal the spatial Fourier components of the lateral Casimir-Polder interaction energy.Fil: Moreno, Gustavo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FĂsica de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FĂsica de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Dalvit, Diego A. R.. Los Alamos National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Calzetta, Esteban Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FĂsica de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de FĂsica de Buenos Aires; Argentin
Cosmological Magnetic Fields from Gauge-Mediated Supersymmetry-Breaking Models
We study the generation of primordial magnetic fields, coherent over
cosmologically interesting scales, by gravitational creation of charged scalar
particles during the reheating period. We show that magnetic fields consistent
with those detected by observation may obtained if the particle mean life
\tau_s is in the range 10^{-14} sec \leq \tau_s \leq 10{-7} sec. We apply this
mechanism to minimal gauge mediated supersymmetry-breaking models, in the case
in which the lightest stau \tilde\tau_1 is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric
particle. We show that, for a large range of phenomenologically acceptable
values of the supersymmetry-breaking scale \sqrt{F}, the generated primordial
magnetic field can be strong enough to seed the galactic dynamo.Comment: 12 pages, Latex. Final version accepted for publication in Phys.
Lett.
Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory
Bringing together the key ideas from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and powerful methodology from quantum field theory, this 2008 book captures the essence of nonequilibrium quantum field theory. Beginning with the foundational aspects of the theory, the book presents important concepts and useful techniques, discusses issues of basic interest, and shows how thermal field, linear response, kinetic theories and hydrodynamics emerge. It also illustrates how these concepts are applied to research topics including nonequilibrium phase transitions, thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions, the nonequilibrium dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation, and the generation of structures from quantum fluctuations in the early Universe. This self-contained book is a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in particle physics, gravitation, cosmology, atomic-optical and condensed matter physics. It has been reissued as an Open Access publication
Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory
Bringing together the key ideas from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and powerful methodology from quantum field theory, this 2008 book captures the essence of nonequilibrium quantum field theory. Beginning with the foundational aspects of the theory, the book presents important concepts and useful techniques, discusses issues of basic interest, and shows how thermal field, linear response, kinetic theories and hydrodynamics emerge. It also illustrates how these concepts are applied to research topics including nonequilibrium phase transitions, thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions, the nonequilibrium dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation, and the generation of structures from quantum fluctuations in the early Universe. This self-contained book is a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in particle physics, gravitation, cosmology, atomic-optical and condensed matter physics. It has been reissued as an Open Access publication
Primordial fluctuations from nonlinear couplings
We study the spectrum of primordial fluctuations in theories where the
inflaton field is coupled to massless fields and/or to itself. Conformally
invariant theories generically predict a scale invariant spectrum. Scales
entering the theory through infrared divergences cause logarithmic corrections
to the spectrum, tiltilng it towards the blue. We discuss in some detail
whether these fluctuations are quantum or classical in nature.Comment: 12 pages, Revtex, we added an appendix clarifying our assumptions
about the initial conditions at the beggining of inflatio
Noise induced transitions in semiclassical cosmology
A semiclassical cosmological model is considered which consists of a closed
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker in the presence of a cosmological constant, which
mimics the effect of an inflaton field, and a massless, non-conformally coupled
quantum scalar field. We show that the back-reaction of the quantum field,
which consists basically of a non local term due to gravitational particle
creation and a noise term induced by the quantum fluctuations of the field, are
able to drive the cosmological scale factor over the barrier of the classical
potential so that if the universe starts near zero scale factor (initial
singularity) it can make the transition to an exponentially expanding de Sitter
phase. We compute the probability of this transition and it turns out to be
comparable with the probability that the universe tunnels from "nothing" into
an inflationary stage in quantum cosmology. This suggests that in the presence
of matter fields the back-reaction on the spacetime should not be neglected in
quantum cosmology.Comment: LaTex, 33.tex pages, no figure
Semiclassical Effects and the Onset of Inflation
We present a class of exact solutions to the constraint equations of General
Relativity coupled to a Klein - Gordon field, these solutions being isotropic
but not homogeneous. We analyze the subsequent evolution of the consistent
Cauchy data represented by those solutions, showing that only certain special
initial conditions eventually lead to successfull Inflationary cosmologies. We
argue, however, that these initial conditions are precisely the likely outcomes
of quantum events occurred before the inflationary era.Comment: 22 pages, file written in RevTe
Dissipation, noise and vacuum decay in quantum field theory
We study the process of vacuum decay in quantum field theory focusing on the
stochastic aspects of the interaction between long and short-wavelength modes.
This interaction results in a diffusive behavior of the reduced Wigner function
describing the state of the long-wavelength modes, and thereby to a finite
activation rate even at zero temperature. This effect can make a substantial
contribution to the total decay rate.Comment: 5 page
Renormalization group and nonequilibrium action in stochastic field theory
We investigate the renormalization group approach to nonequilibrium field
theory. We show that it is possible to derive nontrivial renormalization group
flow from iterative coarse graining of a closed-time-path action. This
renormalization group is different from the usual in quantum field theory
textbooks, in that it describes nontrivial noise and dissipation. We work out a
specific example where the variation of the closed-time-path action leads to
the so-called Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, and show that the renormalization
group obtained by coarse graining this action, agrees with the dynamical
renormalization group derived by directly coarse graining the equations of
motion.Comment: 33 pages, 3 figures included in the text. Revised; one reference
adde