Effect of incentive policy on performance and international competitiveness of fruits, vegetables, and olive oil in Morocco: the case of greenhouse tomatoes, Clementine mandarins, and Maroc-Late oranges

This article presents a brief review of agriculture situation in Morocco and deals with evaluating the effects of Morocco's incentive policy on performance and international competitiveness of four agricultural produce. These products are: green house tomatoes, two citrus fruits: the large orange variety Maroc- Late and the small fruit Clementine, and olive oil. Data of the respective agricultural chains of the four products were collected in two major producing areas of the products, and were used to calculate the Nominal Protection Coefficients (NPC) and the Effective Protection Coefficients (EPC) to evaluate the effects of the local incentive policy, and to calculate the Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) ratios as indicators of international competitiveness of the products. The four NPC ratios, which all were less than one, indicate that the four products are relatively taxed. In addition, the EPC's show that along with the direct taxes on these products, indirect taxes on their inputs are further penalizing these products. All the DRC ratios for the four products were also less than one, indicating a comparative advantage and an efficient allocation of domestic resources. Green house tomatoes had the smallest DRC, 0.36. Those of the two citrus products were a little higher; 0.41 for the Clementine and 0.50 for Maroc- Late. Olive oil had the highest, 0.93, DRC. The low yield per hectare is the main contributor to this relatively modest performance. However, there is a considerable potential for this product if its productivity is improved and the processing industry along with the marketing channels are modernized. Reforms therefore need to be implemented to correct the distortions introduced by the current incentive system which is biased against the export oriented products and is favorable to import substitute products. Such reforms will have to ensure better allocations of domestic resources according to the comparative advantage of the country and to deal with the challenges facing the agricultural sector within the trade agreements signed by Morocco with its trade partners.International Relations/Trade, Marketing,

A Distance-Based Decision in the Credal Level

Belief function theory provides a flexible way to combine information provided by different sources. This combination is usually followed by a decision making which can be handled by a range of decision rules. Some rules help to choose the most likely hypothesis. Others allow that a decision is made on a set of hypotheses. In [6], we proposed a decision rule based on a distance measure. First, in this paper, we aim to demonstrate that our proposed decision rule is a particular case of the rule proposed in [4]. Second, we give experiments showing that our rule is able to decide on a set of hypotheses. Some experiments are handled on a set of mass functions generated randomly, others on real databases

Stress oxydant induit par la coexposition au plomb et au cadmium : deux contaminants des eaux souterraines de Oued Nil (Jijel - Algérie)

L’évaluation globale des résultats d’analyses physico-chimiques de certaines sources d’eaux d’alimentation, situées dans le bassin versant de l’oued Nil dans la ville de Jijel, met en évidence un profil de concentration du plomb et du cadmium qui dépasse de loin les normes requises. Dans l’objectif d’étudier les effets sous-jacents de la concentration la plus élevée détectée de ces deux métaux sur les biomarqueurs du stress oxydant, quatre lots de rats mâles adultes ont été exposés, via l’eau de boisson, à des concentrations ×0, ×1, ×10 et ×100 les concentrations environnementales du plomb et du cadmium, détectées dans les échantillons de l’eau analysée, pendant quatre semaines. L’évaluation toxicologique a montré une réponse biochimique caractérisée par une augmentation hautement significative des taux cytosoliques et mitochondriaux de la superoxyde dismutase chez les rats exposés aux concentrations ×10 et ×100 du mélange plomb-cadmium par rapport aux rats exposés à la concentration ×0. Les résultats de notre étude indiquent une diminution très significative de l’activité de la catalase dans les cytosols et les mitochondries pour le niveau d’exposition ×1 et hautement significative pour les niveaux d’exposition ×10 et ×100. La diminution du glutathion réduit dans les cytosols pour les niveaux d’exposition ×10 et ×100 traduit l’altération des mécanismes des défenses non enzymatiques. Une atteinte très sévère des membranes biologiques dans les mitochondries et les cytosols est objectivée par une augmentation des taux du malondialdéhyde pour tous les niveaux d’exposition de ×1 à ×100.Physico-chemical analyses of water collected in the Nile wadi catchment in the city of Jigel, Algeria, revealed concentrations of cadmium and lead that far exceeded drinking water standards. To study the effects of the highest detected concentration on oxidative stress biomarkers, drinking water containing a mixture of lead and cadmium at the concentrations detected in the field (and at concentrations 10x and 100x higher) was given to four groups of adult male rats over a period of four weeks. The toxicological evaluation showed a biochemical response characterized by a highly significant increase in the cytosolic and mitochondrial concentrations of superoxide dismutase, a very significant decrease in cytosolic and mitochondrial catalase, a highly significant decrease in the levels of cytosolic reduced glutathion (reflecting a deterioration of non-enzymatic mechanisms of defence against oxidative stress), and a significant increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial concentrations of malondialdehyde (suggesting a severe attack on the biological membranes of the mitochondria and other organelles)

Weight loss reduces basal-like breast cancer through kinome reprogramming

Additional file 1. Tumor burden and growth were not affected by diet. a. Tumor burden was quantified at sacrifice. b. Tumor volume was measured by calipers at detection and sacrifice. (N = 28 10 %; N = 31 60 %; N = 29, 60–10 %)

Corruption In Morocco-A Sectorial Analysis

Corruption, a pervasive socio-economic problem, has a significant impact on Morocco, reflecting a global challenge that undermines trust in public institutions and hinders development. This phenomenon, often defined as the abuse of public power for private gain, results in widespread citizen distrust of their government and public institutions. Recognizing the critical need to address this issue, Morocco has implemented various strategies and reforms at the institutional and civil society levels to combat corruption. Our study aims to provide a sectoral analysis of corruption in Morocco, assessing the prevalence of corrupt practices and the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures put in place. Using a descriptive methodology, our research relies on secondary data from various databases, including Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) from 2004 to 2023. This index provides a longitudinal perspective on how perceptions of corruption have evolved in Morocco over the years and serves as a key indicator of the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts. Our findings indicate that despite these efforts, corruption remains entrenched in several sectors, suggesting that the strategies adopted have not yet succeeded in significantly changing the corruption landscape. This analysis underscores the complexity of fighting corruption in Morocco and highlights the need for continued efforts and innovative strategies to effectively address this endemic problem

Corruption In Morocco-A Sectorial Analysis

Corruption, a pervasive socio-economic problem, has a significant impact on Morocco, reflecting a global challenge that undermines trust in public institutions and hinders development. This phenomenon, often defined as the abuse of public power for private gain, results in widespread citizen distrust of their government and public institutions. Recognizing the critical need to address this issue, Morocco has implemented various strategies and reforms at the institutional and civil society levels to combat corruption. Our study aims to provide a sectoral analysis of corruption in Morocco, assessing the prevalence of corrupt practices and the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures put in place. Using a descriptive methodology, our research relies on secondary data from various databases, including Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) from 2004 to 2023. This index provides a longitudinal perspective on how perceptions of corruption have evolved in Morocco over the years and serves as a key indicator of the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts. Our findings indicate that despite these efforts, corruption remains entrenched in several sectors, suggesting that the strategies adopted have not yet succeeded in significantly changing the corruption landscape. This analysis underscores the complexity of fighting corruption in Morocco and highlights the need for continued efforts and innovative strategies to effectively address this endemic problem

Solitonska teorija smetnje za Kawahara-ovu jednadžbu

The Kawahara equation is studied along with its perturbation terms. The adiabatic dynamics of the soliton amplitude and the velocity of the soliton is obtained by the aid of soliton perturbation theory.Proučavamo Kawahara-ovu jednadžbu s članovima smetnje. Izveli smo adijabatsku dinamiku solitonske amplitude i brzinu solitona primjenom solitonske teorije smetnje