Guía para el desarrollo de habilidades de percepción, expresión y comprensión emocional en niños y niñas de edad escolar. Manual de aplicación

En esta guía se expone un programa de intervención diseñado para desarrollar habilidades de percepción, expresión y comprensión emocional en niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años. El mismo ha sido elaborado en base a una adaptación de uno de los programa de referencia en el ámbito de la Inteligencia Emocional en español, el programa INTEMO, originalmente dirigido a adolescentes. Este material tiene el objetivo de servir de guía para la puesta en marcha de acciones sistemáticas para el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales en niños y niñas de edad escolar en ámbitos tanto académicos, como no académicos o extracurriculares. Para ello se presenta una síntesis de las bases teóricas que fundamentan este trabajo y se describen de manera detallada las fases, actividades, temporalización y materiales a utilizar. Además, se propone un listado de instrumentos que pueden utilizarse para la evaluación de su eficacia y se ofrecen recursos complementarios, como fichas u hojas de registro para facilitar la aplicación de este programa

Bacteriological and Immunological Profiling of Meconium and Fecal Samples from Preterm Infants : A Two-Year Follow-Up Study

An abnormal colonization pattern of the preterm gut may affect immune maturation and exert a long-term influence on the intestinal bacterial composition and host health. However, follow-up studies assessing the evolution of the fecal microbiota of infants that were born preterm are very scarce. In this work, the bacterial compositions of fecal samples, obtained from sixteen 2-year-old infants were evaluated using a phylogenetic microarray; subsequently, the results were compared with those obtained in a previous study from samples of meconium and feces collected from the same infants while they stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In parallel, the concentration of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and immunoglobulins were determined in meconium and fecal samples. Globally, a higher bacterial diversity and a lower interindividual variability were observed in 2-year-olds' feces, when compared to the samples obtained during their first days of life. Hospital-associated fecal bacteria, that were dominant during the NICU stay, seemed to be replaced, two years later, by genera, which are usually predominant in the healthy adult microbiome. The immune profile of the meconium and fecal samples differed, depending on the sampling time, showing different immune maturation statuses of the gut.Peer reviewe

Urinary metabolomic fingerprinting after consumption of a probiotic strain in women with mastitis

Infectious mastitis is a common condition among lactating women, with staphylococci and streptococci being the main aetiological agents. In this context, some lactobacilli strains isolated from breast milk appear to be particularly effective for treating mastitis and, therefore, constitute an attractive alternative to antibiotherapy. A (1)H NMR-based metabolomic approach was applied to detect metabolomic differences after consuming a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus salivarius PS2) in women with mastitis. 24h urine of women with lactational mastitis was collected at baseline and after 21 days of probiotic (PB) administration. Multivariate analysis (OSC-PLS-DA and hierarchical clustering) showed metabolome differences after PB treatment. The discriminant metabolites detected at baseline were lactose, and ibuprofen and acetaminophen (two pharmacological drugs commonly used for mastitis pain), while, after PB intake, creatine and the gut microbial co-metabolites hippurate and TMAO were detected. In addition, a voluntary desertion of the pharmacological drugs ibuprofen and acetaminophen was observed after probiotic administration. The application of NMR-based metabolomics enabled the identification of the overall effects of probiotic consumption among women suffering from mastitis and highlighted the potential of this approach in evaluating the outcomes of probiotics consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this approach has been applied in women with mastitis during lactation

Effect of HTST and Holder Pasteurization on the Concentration of Immunoglobulins, Growth Factors, and Hormones in Donor Human Milk

Donor human milk (DHM) is submitted to Holder pasteurization (HoP) to ensure its microbiological safety in human milk banks but this treatment affects some of its bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of HoP and high temperature short time (HTST) treatments on some bioactive compounds found in DHM. A total of 24 DHM batches were processed in a continuous HTST system (70, 72, and 75°C for 5–25 s) and by HoP (62.5°C for 30 min). The concentrations of immunoglobulins (Igs) A, G, and M, transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), adiponectine, ghrelin, and leptin were measured using a multiplex system, whereas the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined by ELISA. In relation to Igs, IgG showed the highest preservation rates (87–101%) after HTST treatments, followed by IgA (54–88%) and IgM (25–73%). Ig retention after any of the HTST treatments was higher than after HoP (p < 0.001). Treatment times required to reduce the concentration of IgM by 90% (D-value) were 130, 88, and 49 s at 70, 72, and 75°C, while the number of degrees Celsius required to change the D-value by one factor of 10 (z-value) was 11.79°C. None of the heat treatments had a significant effect on the concentrations of TGF-β2, EGF, adiponectin, and ghrelin. In contrast, leptin was detected only in 4 of the samples submitted to HoP, whereas it was present in all samples after the different HTST treatments, with retention rates ranging between 34 and 68%. Globally, the concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, and leptin in DHM was significantly higher after HTST pasteurization performed in a continuous system designed to be used in human milk banks than after the HoP procedure that is routinely applied at present

High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.This research was funded by grants from the Spanish Research Projects in Health funded by ISCIII-the state plan for scientific and technical research and innovation and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (ref. PI12/02128 and PI15/00995) and by ALG2016-75476-R project from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spain). Moreover, this work has received a grant from the Hero Institute for Infant Nutrition (Alcantarilla, Murcia, España; 2012). Additionally, this study was supported by RETICS “Maternal and Child Health and Development Network” (SAMID Network), funded by the PN I+D+i 2008-2011 (Spain), ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and the ERDF (ref. RD12/0026)

Reply: “Letter to the editor Re: Diaz M., et al. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1481”

The objective of this letter of reply is to provide answers to the doubts and critical issues that Martín Martinez and López Liñan [...

Indigestible fraction of okara from soybean: Composition, physicochemical properties and in vitro fermentability by pure cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (European Food Research and Technology DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0979-7)

Peer Reviewe

Composición y propiedades del suero de soja, un subproducto de la elaboración del tofu

Resumen del trabajo presentado al XI Congreso Anual en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CYTALIA), celebrado en España en marzo de 2006.[Objetivo]: Determinar la composición y capacidad antioxidante del suero de soja.[Metodología]: Humedad y cenizas se determinaron gravimétricamente. Azúcares solubles, oligosacáridos e isoflavonas por HPLC. Fibra soluble por el método enzimático-gravimétrico de la AOAC, con diálisis. Carbohidratos totales, ácidos urónicos, proteína soluble y polifenoles totales espectrofotométricamente. Nitrógeno total en un equipo LECO FP-2000, empleando como factor 6,25 para determinar la proteína total. Las proteínas solubles se separaron por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida-SDS. La capacidad antioxidante in vitro se determinó mediante los métodos FRAP y ABTS.[Resultados]: El suero de soja es un subroducto generado en la elaboración industrial del tofu. Aunque es desechado, contiene cantidades apreciables de componentes procedentes de la soja como azúcares, oligosacáridos, proteínas e isoflavonas. Los oligosacáridos no digeribles, identificados como inulina y estaquiosa (328+3 mg/100mL), constituyen aproximadamente la mitad de los carbohidratos presentes en el suero (821+5 mg/100mL). También contiene fibra soluble (58 mg/100mL) compuesta por azúcares neutros y ácidos urónicos. La proteína total presente en el suero es de 530+5 mg/100mL. La electroforesis en gel SDS-PAGE de las proteínas solubles mostró tres bandas mayoritarias de 55, 35 y 10 KDa, menores que las presentes en la leche de soja. Los componentes minoritarios del suero de soja son cenizas e isoflavonas; a éstas últimas se puede deber su capacidad antioxidante in vitro.[Conclusiones]: La composición y propiedades del suero de soja lo convierten en un residuo reutilizable con aplicaciones potenciales en la industria alimentaria y farmaceútica.Peer reviewe

Milésimas

Treball Final de Grau en Comunicació Audiovisual. Modalitat A. Codi: CA0932. Curs acadèmic 2021-2022Milésimas es el título bajo el que se presenta el cortometraje documental, el cual relata la trayectoria profesional de unos jóvenes deportistas de la Comunidad Valenciana que compitieron por una medalla en los Juegos Paralímpicos (JJPP) de Tokio 2020. El proyecto está realizado a raíz de todos los conocimientos adquiridos durante los cuatro años de formación académica en el grado de Comunicación Audiovisual. Además, dicho trabajo, nos ha servido para conocer más de cerca lo que supone llevar a cabo una obra audiovisual en su totalidad. Para empezar, presentamos la justificación del proyecto, el porqué de la elección del tema. A continuación, nos centraremos en los objetivos que fijamos a la hora de empezar con la pieza audiovisual, junto al marco teórico. Más adelante, argumentamos todas las decisiones discursivas que conforman el plano narrativo y el propio discurso de Milésimas. Tras esto, exponemos la parte técnica; desde el título del proyecto, la sinopsis y el tema hasta el propio guión, la estructura de la producción, el storyboard, etc. Es decir, todos los pasos y herramientas que han sido necesarias a la hora de llevar a cabo el proyecto. Y, por último, exponemos las conclusiones.Milésimas is the title under which the documentary short film is presented, which recounts the professional career of some young athletes from the Valencian Community who competed for a medal at the Paralympic Games in Tokyo 2020. This project is the result of all the knowledge acquired during the four years of academic training in the degree of Audiovisual Communication. In addition, this work has helped us to learn more about what it means to carry out an audiovisual work in its entirety. To begin with, we present the justification of the project, the reason for the choice of the subject. Then, we will focus on the objectives we set at the time of starting the audiovisual piece, together with the theoretical framework. Later on, we argue all the discursive decisions that make up the narrative plane and the discourse of Milésimas itself. After that, we expose the technical part; from the title of the project, the synopsis and the theme to the script itself, the structure of the production, the storyboard, etc. That is, all the steps and tools that have been necessary to carry out the project. And finally, we expose the conclusions