Sliding wear behavior of WC-Co-Cr3C2-VC composites fabricated by conventional and non-conventional techniques

[EN] The present work aims are to study the dry sliding wear behavior of WC-12 wt.%Co materials, with or without addition of Cr3C2/VC grain growth inhibitors, and to sinter them by two different consolidation techniques: conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The dry sliding wear tests were performed on a tribometer with a ball-on-disc configuration using a WC-Co ball as a counterpart material with a normal contact load of 60 N, a sliding distance of 10000 m and a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. The influence of the grain growth inhibitors and the consolidation techniques in sintered samples were related to the friction coefficient, wear rates and wear pattern damage. Samples sintered by non-conventional technique (SPS) show the best wear resistance and lower friction coefficient. The addition of inhibitors reduces the wear rates in materials consolidated by both techniques. The differences in the wear damage are related to microstructural parameters, mechanical properties and wear ratesThe work is supported financially by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation by the project MAT2009-14144-C03-C02. L. Espinosa-Fernández, acknowledges the AECI program for the realization of the Ph.D in the ITM-UPV. A. Borrell, acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for her Juan de la Cierva contract (JCI-2011-10498)Espinosa-Fernández, L.; Borrell Tomás, MA.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Gutierrez-González, C. (2013). Sliding wear behavior of WC-Co-Cr3C2-VC composites fabricated by conventional and non-conventional techniques. Wear. 307:60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.08.00S606730

Pathological Study of Facial Eczema (Pithomycotoxicosis) in Sheep

[EN] Facial eczema (FE) is a secondary photosensitization disease of farm ruminants caused by the sporidesmin A, produced in the spores of the saprophytic fungus Pithomyces chartarum. This study communicates an outbreak of ovine FE in Asturias (Spain) and characterizes the serum biochemical pattern and the immune response that may contribute to liver damage, favoring cholestasis and the progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Animals showed clinical signs of photosensitivity, with decrease of daily weight gain and loss of wool and crusting for at least 6 months after the FE outbreak. Serum activity of γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in sheep with skin lesions. In the acute phase, edematous skin lesions in the head, hepatocytic and canalicular cholestasis in centrilobular regions, presence of neutrophils in small clumps surrounding deposits of bile pigment, ductular proliferation, as well as cholemic nephrosis, were observed. Macrophages, stained positively for MAC387, were found in areas of canalicular cholestasis. In the chronic phase, areas of alopecia and crusting were seen in the head, and the liver was atrophic with large regeneration nodules and gallstones. Fibrosis around dilated bile ducts, “typical” and “atypical” ductular reaction and an inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and pigmented macrophages, with iron deposits and lipofuscin, were found. The surviving parenchyma persisted with a jigsaw pattern characteristic of biliary cirrhosis. Concentric and eccentric myointimal proliferation was found in arteries near damaged bile ducts. In cirrhotic livers, stellated cells, ductular reaction, ectatic bile ducts and presence of M2 macrophages and lymphocytes, were observed in areas of bile ductular reactionSIThis work was supported by the research funds of the Ruminant Health and Pathology research group of the University of Leó

Stellar Populations in type Ia supernova host galaxies at intermediate-high redshift: Star formation and metallicity enrichment histories

We present a summary of our project that studies galaxies hosting type Ia supernova (SN Ia) at different redshifts. We present Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC) optical spectroscopy of six SN Ia host galaxies at redshift $z\sim 0.4-0.5$. They are joined to a set of SN Ia host galaxies at intermediate-high redshift, which include galaxies from surveys SDSS and COSMOS. The final sample, after a selection of galaxy spectra in terms of signal-to-noise and other characteristics, consists of 680 galaxies with redshift in the range $0.04 < z < 1$. We perform an inverse stellar population synthesis with the code {\sc fado} to estimate the star formation and enrichment histories of this set of galaxies, simultaneously obtaining their mean stellar age and metallicity and stellar mass. After analysing the correlations among these characteristics, we look for possible dependencies of the Hubble diagram residuals and supernova features (luminosity, color and strength parameter) on these stellar parameters. We find that the Hubble residuals show a clear dependence on the stellar metallicity weighted by mass with a slope of -0.061\,mag\,dex$^{-1}$, when represented in logarithmic scale, $\log{ \langle Z_{M}/Z_{\odot}\rangle }$. This result supports our previous findings obtained from gas oxygen abundances for local and SDSS-survey galaxies. Comparing with other works from the literature that also use the stellar metallicity, we find a similar value, but with more precision and a better significance (2.08 vs $\sim$ 1.1), due to the higher number of objects and wider range of redshift of our sample.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Mapping giant mass transport deposits (MTDs) for delineating the extended Continental Shelf of Spain to the West of Canary Islands according UNCLOS Art. 76

European Geosciences Union General Assembly (2017. Viena)On 19 December 2014, Spain presented a third partial submission for the delineation of the Extended Continental in the area west of the Canary Islands to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS). The Canary Islands are located within a NE-SW 1,350 km long ridge of hotspot-inferred volcanic islands and seamounts (composed by more of 100, from Lars to Tropic seamounts). This submission has been documented with an extensive dataset specifically obtained for the project during ten oceanographic cruises between 2010 and 2014 aboard the Spanish research vessels Hespérides, Sarmiento de Gamboa and Miguel Oliver. This new dataset allows to investigate an area of 440,000 km2 with acoustic backscatter images and multibeam echosounder bathymetric (MBES) data (Simrad EM-12, EM-120 and EM-302, and Atlas HYDROSWEEP DS), a dense network of 65,800 km of very-high resolution (VHR) seismic lines (including chirp parametric source TOPAS PS-18 and Atlas PARASOUND P-35) and 4,471 km of multichannel seismic reflection lines (MCS) acquired with an array of air-guns yielding a total volume of 4,600 inch3 (75.38 L) and a 3,500 m long streamer composed of 280 channels.Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaInstituto Español de Oceanografía, EspañaInstituto Hidrográfico de la Marina, Españ

Functional capacity evaluation in a clinical and ambulatory setting: new challenges of accelerometry to assessment balance and muscle power in aging population

Dentro de cualquier población de individuos mayores de 65 años, una proporción sustancial (entre el 6% y el 25%) sufre diferentes síntomas del síndrome de fragilidad. A pesar de la complejidad del termino fragilidad y de las imprecisiones en cuanto a su definición existe un consenso sobre sus síntomas y signos. Las personas que poseen este síndrome presentan pérdidas de fuerza muscular, fatiga, disminución de la actividad física, con un aumento del riesgo de padecer anorexia-pérdida de peso, delirium, hospitalización, declive funcional, deterioro cognitivo, mortalidad, ingreso en residencias, caídas e inestabilidad. Bajo este contexto, surge la necesidad de desarrollar tests que sean capaces de predecir de la forma más precoz posible la fragilidad y la discapacidad. La acelerometría es una herramienta adecuada para la monitorización de movimientos humanos de una forma objetiva y fiable, aplicable en la vida diaria de los sujetos sin implicar grandes costes. Los acelerómetros están siendo utilizados en la monitorización de diferentes movimientos. Se pueden obtener una amplio abanico de medidas como: clasificación de movimientos, valoración del nivel de actividad física, estimación del gasto de energía metabólica, medida del equilibrio, ritmo de marcha y control al levantarse-sentarse. Combinando la acelerometría con giróscopos y magnetómetros se podrá añadir información relacionada con la orientación y los cambios de posición. Esta revisión analiza las herramientas y tecnologías existentes que puedan llegar a detectar de manera precoz posibles signos y síntomas de la fragilidad y permitan a los individuos vivir autónomamente de forma más prolongada y en condiciones de mayor seguridad.If we consider a population of free-living individuals, who are 65 years old and even older, a substantial proportion (in the range of 6% to 25%) suffers from many of the elements of the syndrome of frailty Although the syndrome is complex and still lacks a standard definition, there is a growing consensus about its signs and symptoms. Patients who are afflicted with frailty typically exhibit losses of muscle strength, fatigue easily, are physically inactive, with all increased risk (and fear) of failing, have undergone a recent, unintentional loss of weight, experience impaired cognition and depression, all of which is frequently complicated by a variety of coexistent illnesses. In this context, functional tests to predict disability and frailty are needed. Accelerometry offers a practical and low cost method of objectively monitoring human movements, and has particular applicability to the monitoring of disability in all aging population. Accelerometers have been used to monitor a range of different movements, including gait, sit to stand transfers and postural sway. This review focuses on methodological concepts in the evaluation of skeletal muscle function and monitoring systems (accelerometers and gyroscopes) in each of these areas. An integrated approach is described in which a combination of accelorometry and gyroscopy can be used to monitor a range of different parameters (muscle power, gait and balance) in all aging population in a clinical or out-patient setting.Este trabajo se ha realizado en parte gracias a una beca de investigación de la Fundación MAPFRE Medicina y una ayuda para la realización de proyectos de investigación por el Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra y a las ayudas destinadas a financiar Redes Temáticas de Investigación (Red Envejecimiento y Fragilidad) en el marco del Plan Nacional de Investigación 2004-2007

El acceso intraoseo en reanimación pediátrica. 1999-2001. Intra-osseous approach in pediatric resuscitation. 2001-2002

El establecimiento de un acceso en la circulación es un componente crítico en la resucitación. La infusión intraósea fue descrita por primera vez en 1922 y utilizada para la administración de drogas en 1940, permitiendo un rápido acceso intravascular en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con el objetivo de demostrar sus beneficios en la reanimación infantil en situaciones emergentes. Se realizó una investigación longitudinal, prospectiva y descriptiva en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital General Docente Comandante Pinares, San Cristóbal. Pinar del Río. Cuba. En la etapa comprendida entre enero-1999 a diciembre-2001. Se estudiaron 11 pacientes menores de 5 años que necesitaron medidas de reanimación, realizándose una encuesta que contaba con las siguientes variables: edad, diagnóstico al ingreso, tiempo de obtención de la vía y mantenimiento, drogas, fluidos administrados y complicaciones, se le aplicó el método de estadística descriptivo, distribución de frecuencia y test de proporción. Se concluyó que el 28,2 % (11) de la muestra requirió canalización intraósea, los lactantes (menores de 6 meses) con deshidratación severa necesitaron esta vía en el 54,5% (6), se logró obtener en un tiempo menor de un minuto en 81,8% (7) de los pacientes y se mantuvo hasta 4 horas en el 90,9% de los casos estudiados, las drogas y fluidos mayormente administrados fueron las catecolaminas y la solución salina fisiológica en el 63,6% y el 100% respectivamente, es una técnica con muy raras complicaciones reportándose solo un 9,1%. DeCS: INFUSIÓN INTRAÓSEA, SITUACIONES EMERGENTES, REANIMACIÓN, CATECOLAMINAS, ACCESO INTRAVASCULAR. ABSTRACTThe establishment of an access in Circulation is a very important component in resuscitation. The intraosseous infusion was described for the first time in 1922 and use to administer medications in 1940 allowing a fast intravascular access in critically ill patients. A longitudinal, prospective and descriptive research was carried out at Intensive Care Pediatric Unit belonging to Comandante Pinares General Hospital, San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio aimed at showing its benefits in child resuscitation mainly in emergent situations. During January 1999 to December 2001 eleven patients under 5 years old needing resuscitation measures were studied. A survey taking into account age, diagnosis at admission, time obtained for route and maintenance, drugs, administration of fluids and complications was conducted. Descriptive method, frequency distribution and proportion test were statistically used. Concluding that 28.2 % (11) of the sample required intraosseous infusions, infants (under 6 months) suffering from severe dehydration needed this via (54.5 %) (6), it was obtained (less than a minute) the 81.8 % (7) of the patients and the maintenance was 4 hours in the 90.9 % of the cases studied, drugs and fluids having a greater administration were catecholamines and hypertonic saline solution in 63.6 % and in 100 % of the cases respectively, this technique provoked scarcely complications, only 9.1 % could be reported. DeCS: INTRAOSSEOUS INFUSION, CRITICAL CARE, RESUSCITATION, CATECHOLAMINES, INTRAVASCULAR ACCESS

El acceso intraoseo en reanimación pediátrica. 1999-2001. Intra-osseous approach in pediatric resuscitation. 2001-2002

El establecimiento de un acceso en la circulación es un componente crítico en la resucitación. La infusión intraósea fue descrita por primera vez en 1922 y utilizada para la administración de drogas en 1940, permitiendo un rápido acceso intravascular en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con el objetivo de demostrar sus beneficios en la reanimación infantil en situaciones emergentes. Se realizó una investigación longitudinal, prospectiva y descriptiva en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital General Docente Comandante Pinares, San Cristóbal. Pinar del Río. Cuba. En la etapa comprendida entre enero-1999 a diciembre-2001. Se estudiaron 11 pacientes menores de 5 años que necesitaron medidas de reanimación, realizándose una encuesta que contaba con las siguientes variables: edad, diagnóstico al ingreso, tiempo de obtención de la vía y mantenimiento, drogas, fluidos administrados y complicaciones, se le aplicó el método de estadística descriptivo, distribución de frecuencia y test de proporción. Se concluyó que el 28,2 % (11) de la muestra requirió canalización intraósea, los lactantes (menores de 6 meses) con deshidratación severa necesitaron esta vía en el 54,5% (6), se logró obtener en un tiempo menor de un minuto en 81,8% (7) de los pacientes y se mantuvo hasta 4 horas en el 90,9% de los casos estudiados, las drogas y fluidos mayormente administrados fueron las catecolaminas y la solución salina fisiológica en el 63,6% y el 100% respectivamente, es una técnica con muy raras complicaciones reportándose solo un 9,1%. DeCS: INFUSIÓN INTRAÓSEA, SITUACIONES EMERGENTES, REANIMACIÓN, CATECOLAMINAS, ACCESO INTRAVASCULAR. ABSTRACTThe establishment of an access in Circulation is a very important component in resuscitation. The intraosseous infusion was described for the first time in 1922 and use to administer medications in 1940 allowing a fast intravascular access in critically ill patients. A longitudinal, prospective and descriptive research was carried out at Intensive Care Pediatric Unit belonging to Comandante Pinares General Hospital, San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio aimed at showing its benefits in child resuscitation mainly in emergent situations. During January 1999 to December 2001 eleven patients under 5 years old needing resuscitation measures were studied. A survey taking into account age, diagnosis at admission, time obtained for route and maintenance, drugs, administration of fluids and complications was conducted. Descriptive method, frequency distribution and proportion test were statistically used. Concluding that 28.2 % (11) of the sample required intraosseous infusions, infants (under 6 months) suffering from severe dehydration needed this via (54.5 %) (6), it was obtained (less than a minute) the 81.8 % (7) of the patients and the maintenance was 4 hours in the 90.9 % of the cases studied, drugs and fluids having a greater administration were catecholamines and hypertonic saline solution in 63.6 % and in 100 % of the cases respectively, this technique provoked scarcely complications, only 9.1 % could be reported. DeCS: INTRAOSSEOUS INFUSION, CRITICAL CARE, RESUSCITATION, CATECHOLAMINES, INTRAVASCULAR ACCESS

Sliding Wear Behavior of Al2O3-TiO2 Coatings Fabricated by the Suspension Plasma Spraying Technique

[EN] The friction and dry sliding wear behavior of alumina and alumina-titania near-nanometric coatings were examined. Coatings were obtained by the suspension plasma spraying technique. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on a ball-on-disk tribometer, with an Al2O3 ball as counterpart material, a normal load of 2 N, a sliding distance of 1200 m and a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. The effect of including TiO2 in the fabricated coatings on friction coefficient behavior, wear rates and wear damage patterns was determined. The addition of TiO2 to the coatings was found to greatly increase wear resistance by, for example, 2.6-fold for 40 wt% of TiO2. The analysis of the wear surface was correlated with microstructural parameters, mechanical properties and wear rates.The authors wish to thank for the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MAT2012-38364-C03) and the Autonomous Government of Valencia for funding for the stay in SPCTS-UMR CNRS (France), and the French FCENANOSURF consortium funded by the French Ministry and Industry and local governments of Region Centre and Region Limousin.Klyatskina, E.; Espinosa Fernández, L.; Darut, G.; Segovia López, EF.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Montavon, G.; Agorges, H. (2015). Sliding Wear Behavior of Al2O3-TiO2 Coatings Fabricated by the Suspension Plasma Spraying Technique. Tribology Letters. 59(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0530-5S19591Pawlowski, L.: The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings. Wiley: Hoboken (2008)Lampe, Th, Eisenberg, S., Cabeo, E.R.: Plasma surface engineering in the automotive industry—trends and future prospective. Surf. Coat. 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