Urban Landscapes

The issue focuses on philosophies and designs that shape our cities on a broader scale; exploring different approaches between architecture, built environment, and nature; from material to medicinal plants, from plant scale to urban and social sciences. The issue examines the natural and built environment in Istanbul through the relationship between urban planning, urban space, architecture, and landscape architecture. It focuses on designs made in different parts of Istanbul between natural areas and built areas in the city. The urban landscape is an effective and important design process that includes the interaction of architecture, city planning, and landscape architecture disciplines and creates the living environment of people within and between buildings. It has a complementary and important effect in the process of providing and maintaining the physical, physiological, psychological, and social needs of its users. It covers structural design and furniture location selection and design as well as planting. The special issue on Urban Landscape covers this concept; It has a content setup that starts from the upper scale and shrinks towards the building scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Synthetic Cannabinoid (Bonsai) Intoxication in Intensive Care Unit

Objective: In recent years, synthetic cannabinoids (bonsai) poisoning is a widely seen case that needs to be treated in intensive care unit (ICU) in our country. In this study, it was aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with synthetic cannabinoid intoxication followed in ICU. Material and Method: Patients followed in ICU of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University and Çanakkale State Hospital between 2014 and 2015 were studied retrospectively. Results: Twelve cases were included. In neurological system; confusions (n=4), drowsiness (n=7), restlessness/agitations (n=5), hallucinations (n=2), anxieties/panics (n=3), acute psychosis (n=1) and amnesias (n=11) were detected. One patient was intubated. In cardiovascular system; tachycardias (n=3), bradycardias (n=2), hypertensions (n=2), hypotension (n=1), and arrhythmias (n=2) were observed. In laboratory tests, leukocytosis (n=4), leukopenia (n=1), hypoglycemias (n=3), elevation in liver and renal function tests (n=1) were identified. The average recovery time was 19.3-hours and the average ICU stay was 3-days. Conclusion: In the synthetic cannabinoid intoxication cases; it should be kept in mind that seizure activities may occur in the first hours, myocardial infarction risk in the first 3-days. Liver-kidney functions should be monitored. Hypopotasemia is the most common electrolyte disorder. Cases without any complication are expected to recover in 24-hours. However, new types of synthetic cannabinoids are put on the market every day

Postpartum Endogenous Panophthalmitis Caused by Sphingomonas Paucimobilis

Bu çalışmada nadir görülen bir postpartum endojen panoftalmi olgusu sunulmuştur. Otuz bir yaşında kadın hasta, doğum yaptıktan bir gün sonra başlayan ve iki gündür devam eden sağ gözde ağrı ve görme kaybı yakınmasıyla başvurdu. Oftalmolojik muayenesinde panoftalmi bulguları izlenen hasta tetkik ve tedavi amacıyla yatırıldı. Yoğun tedaviye rağmen korneada incelme ve spontan perforasyon gelişmesi üzerine hastanın sağ gözüne evisserasyon uygulandı. Hastanın konjonktiva sürüntüsü ve evisserasyon örneği kültüründe fırsatçı bir enfeksiyon ajanı olan Sphingomonas paucimobilis izole edildi. Hamileler ve lohusalarda immun sistemin etkilendiği ve inflamatuar yanıtların değiştiği bilinmektedir, bu nedenle peripartum dönem ve lohusalıkta göz enfeksiyonları ihmal edilmemelidir.We present a very rare case of endogenous panophthalmitis in a postpartum patient. A 31-year-old woman was admitted with vision loss and pain in the right eye for two days that began the day after the delivery. Her ophthalmologic examination revealed panophthalmitis and she was hospitalized for treatment and investigation. Despite intensive medication corneal melting and spontaneous perforation occurred, so evisceration had to be performed. Sphingomonas paucimobilis, an opportunistic infection agent, was isolated in the conjunctival swab and evisceration specimen cultures of the patient. It is known that immune system is influenced and inflammatory responses are altered in pregnants and puerperants, so any symptom of eye infection should not be ignored in peripartum and puerperium periods

Synthesis of tricyclic ring systems: [2+2] ketene addition reaction for preparation of tricyclic ketone, alcohol, and lactone derivatives

WOS: 000400020200007The addition of dichloroketene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene was examined. Dichloroketene, which was easily prepared from trichloroacetyl chloride and Zn-Cu, reacted with 1,4-cyclohexadiene in the presence of POCl3 to afford novel racemic products of single addition (5) and double addition (6). The adducts 6 and 7 were reacted separately with MCPBA (meta-chloroperbenzoic acid), H2O2, LiAlH4, and cis-diol 10 was reacted with PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate) to afford lactone, alcohol, and ketone derivatives likely to exhibit biological activity. The structures of all the racemic molecules mentioned in the article were determined from H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, MS, and IR data.Mersin University [BAP-FBE KA (OY) 2014-1DR, 2015-AP4-1235, BAP-FBE K (EYB) 2011-7 YL]; Aksaray University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Aksaray, Turkey [2010K120480]The authors are indebted to Mersin University (BAP-FBE KA (OY) 2014-1DR, 2015-AP4-1235 and BAP-FBE K (EYB) 2011-7 YL) for its financial support of this work. The authors acknowledge Aksaray University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Aksaray, Turkey, for the use of the Bruker SMART BREEZE CCD diffractometer (purchased under grant No. 2010K120480 from the State Planning Organization)

Osmoprotectant and antioxidant effects of new synthesized 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol on barley under drought stress

The aim of present study was synthesize 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol (11) and investigate its antioxidant properties in barley plants under drought stress. For this aim, 1,4-cyclohexadiene (7) was subjected to [2 + 2] ketene addition reaction with dichloro ketene and the chlorine atoms were reduced. After that, the cyclobutanone ring was converted to a lactone ring and the lactone ring was reduced with LiAlH4. Subsequently, 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol (13) was obtained with high yield. The structures of the synthesized molecules were clarified by NMR, FTIR, GCMS spectroscopic methods. Two different methods were used to evaluate antioxidant activity of cyclohexenediol 11. One of them was DPPH radical scavenging activity which was used extensively. Also, osmoprotectant and antioxidant effects of 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol (13) were investigated in barley under drought stress. Drought decreased the relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP) in barley leaves. Cyclohexenediol 11 treatment remarkably increased RWC and WP in leaves under drought conditions. Superoxide (O−2) and nitric oxide (NO) accumulated under drought. In cyclohexenediol 11 treated-plants, the accumulation O−2 and NO were strongly reduced under drought conditions. Our results showed that cyclohexenediol 11 helped barley plants for maintaining water under drought stress; this makes synthetic cyclitol cyclohexenediol 11 as a good osmoprotectant candidate. Another important result in this study was the strong radical scavenging potential of cyclohexenediol 11. We think that much more comprehensive biochemical studies should be conducted to determine how cyclohexenediol 11 performs the radical scavenge role

Comparison of rebound tonometer, dynamic contour tonometer, tonopen XL with goldmann applanation tonometer in normal eyes

Amaç: Bu klinik çalışmada Goldmann applanasyon tonometresi (GAT), Rebound tonometre (İcare), Dinamik kontur tonometre (Pascal DKT) ve TonoPen XL (TP) ile yapılan göz içi basınç ölçümlerinin (GİB) karşılaştırılması ve İcare, Pascal DKT, TP ile yapılan göz içi basınç ölçümleri üzerine santral kornea kalınlığının etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Otuz dokuz sağlıklı birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Olguların sırasıyla İcare, Pascal DKT, TP ve GAT ile GİB ölçümleri ya- pıldı. Ultrasonik pakimetri kullanılarak santral kornea kalınlığı (SKK) değerleri elde edildi. Ölçümlerin karşılaştırılması için yüzde değişim analizi, Pearson korelasyon analizi ile ortalama, standart sapma değerleri ve minimum-maksimum değerleri hesaplandı. İki farklı metod arasındaki uyumluluk Bland-Altman metodu kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen olguların ortalama yaşı 38±4 (30-45) idi. Ortalama SKK 528±16 ?m (483-555 ?m). Ortalama GİB; İcare ile ortalama 13.8±2.1 mmHg, Pascal DKT ile ortalama 14.0±2.2 mmHg,TP ile 14.0±3.4 mmHg, GAT ile ortalama 13.8±2.4 mmHg, olarak ölçüldü. Ölçümler arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmedi. İcare, Pascal DKT, TP ile yapılan ölçümlerin yüzde kaçının GAT ile elde edilen değerlerin ±3 mmHg aralığında olduğu araştırıldığında sırasıyla %66.6, %61.5, %56.4 değerler elde edildi. Bland-Altman analizinde düzeltilmiş GAT değerleri ile diğer tonometreler arasında uyum mevcuttu. SKK ile GİB değerleri arasında korelasyon saptanmadı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda tüm tonometrelerle elde edilen GİB değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. İcare topikal anestezi gerektirmemesi, kullanımının kolay olması, ölçümün hızlı olması nedeniyle klinikte uygun bir tonometre yöntemi olarak kullanılabilir.Purpose: This clinical study was conducted to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), Rebound tonometry (Icare), Dynamic Contour tonometer (Pascal) and TonoPen XL (TP), to evaluate the effect of central corneal thickness (CCK) on IOP measurements. Materials and Methods: The study included 39 healthy subjects. IOP measurements were taken using Icare, Pascal, TP and GAT, respec- tively. CCK was measured with ultrasound pachymetry. To compare the measurements; the analysis of percentage change and Pearson correlation, the average, median, standart deviation and minimum-maximum values were calculated. The agreement between 2 different devices was assessed by use of the Bland-Altman method. Results: The average CCK was 528±16 µm (483-555 µm). The mean IOP, with Icare was 13.8±2.1 mmHg, with Pascal DCT was 14.0±2.2 mmHg, with TP was 14.0±3.4 mmHg, with GAT was 13.8±2.4 mmHg. There was no significant difference statistically between the IOP measurements of all methods (p>0.05). The percentage of the Icare, Pascal DCT and TP readings, which were all within ±3 mmHg of the GAT readings were respectively 66.6%, 61.5%, 56.4%. There was an agreement between corrected GAT values and the other tonometry values on the Bland-Altman graphs. There was no correlation between IOP measurements and CCT. Conclusion: In our study, there was no significant difference between the four methods of IOP measurements. Icare tonometry does not require topical anesthesia, is easy to use, the measurement is fast. So, it can be used as a relevant tonometry in clinical setting

Comparison of sirolimus-eluting stent versus polyzene-F polymer-coated stent in terms of early inflammatory response and long term outcomes

Amaç: Perkütan translüminal koroner anjioplasti (PTCA) işleminin erken ve geç dönem sonuçlarında çok önemli iyileşmeler sağlayan stentler ile geç dönemde karşılaşılan en önemli sorun %25-30'lara varan restenoz oranları olmuştur. Bunun üstesinden gelmek için geliştirilen ilaç kaplı stentler (DES), restenoz oranlarını azaltmakla birlikte damar iyileşmesini ve endotelizasyonu bozduğundan stent trombozu riskini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Biyoinert bir molekül olan Polizen-F (PzF) polimerleriyle yüzey modifikasyonu uygulanmış yeni nesil stentler anti-inflamatuvar ve anti-trombojenik özelliklerini vurgulayarak piyasaya sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada PzF polimeriyle kaplı stent ile sirolimus kaplı stent takılan hastaları, erken dönemdeki inflamatuvar yanıtları ve 1 yıllık takipte görülen majör istenmeyen kardiyak olay (MACE) sıklığı bakımından karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: Stabil koroner arter hastalığı (KAH) tanısıyla PzF polimeri kaplı stent takılan hastalar 1.grubu (n=19), sirolimus kaplı stent takılan hastalar 2.gurubu (n=13) oluşturdu. Hastalardan perkütan koroner girişim (PKG) öncesi (pre-PKG), işlem sonrası 1. ve 10.günde (post-PKG 1. ve post-PKG 10.gün) hsCRP ve IL-6 düzeyi bakıldı. Hastalar ortalama 1 yıl süreyle gelişebilecek MACE sıklığı açısından takip edildi.Bulgular: Pre-PKG, post-PKG 1. ve 10.gündeki hsCRP ve IL-6 düzeyleri bakımından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. 1.gruptaki19 hastadan 4'ünde (%21) MACE gelişirken, bu oran 2.grupta 13 hastada 1 idi (%8); fakat gruplar arasındaki bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,26).Sonuç: Daha az inflamatuvar yanıtı tetiklediği ve anti-trombojenik özelliği iddiasıyla piyasaya sürülen PzF polimeriyle kaplı stent ile sirolimus-kaplı stent arasında tetikledikleri inflamatuvar yanıt belirteçleri ve 1-yıllık MACE oranları bakımından anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. Bu konunun aydınlatılması için prospektif, randomize, büyük ölçekli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Objective: The intra-coronary stents provided great benefit after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); however, high in-stent restenosis rates, even up to 25-30%, is the the main concern. Cytotoxic drug-eluting stents were developed to overcome this challenge. Whereas, they interfered vessel healing and endothelization process which led to increased risk of stent thrombosis. A bioinert molecule, polyzene-F(PzF), was applied to the surface of a new generation stent to provide anti-inflammatory and antithrombogenic property. We aimed to compare the sirolimuseluting stent with PzF-coated cobalt-chrome stent in terms of early inflammatory response and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rates. Methods: Stable coronary artery disease patients treated with PzF-coated cobalt-chrome stent formed the 1st group (n=19), and those received sirolimus-eluting stent (n=13) formed the 2nd group. Serum hsCRP and IL-6 levels were measured before percutaneous coronary intervention (prePCI), and after 1st and 10th days (post-PCI 1, and post-PCI 10, respectively) of PCI. The patients were followed-up to 1 year in terms of MACE experience. Results: The study groups were comparable in terms of pre-PCI, post-PCI-1 and post-PCI-10 serum hsCRP and IL-6 levels. Four of 19 patients (21%) in the 1st group and 1 of 13 patients (8%) in the 2nd group experienced MACE during 1-year follow-up; whereas this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.26). Conclusion: Although, the PzF-coated cobalt-chrome stent was claimed to have lower anti-inflammatory and antithrombogenic properties, we showed similar inflammatory response and long-term MACE rates compared to sirolimuseluting stent. Prospective, randomized, large scale studies are needed to clarify this issue