Organizational design and quality management. Practical cases from the pharmaceutical industry

El presente trabajo trata de estudiar cómo se ve afectada la estructura de una organización tras la implantación de un sistema de gestión de la calidad. En un escueto marco teórico, se describen los cambios que se producen en las principales variables de diseño, concretamente, variables referentes al diseño de los puestos (grado de especialización, formalización, formas de control del rendimiento y los resultados, formación y socialización), y variables de diseño de la estructura (criterios de formación de unidades, tamaño de las unidades, dispositivos de enlace y diseño del sistema decisor), tras la implantación de un sistema de Aseguramiento de la Calidad (AC) y un sistema de Gestión de la Calidad Total (GCT). La investigación se completa con el estudio cualitativo de dos casos de empresa del sector farmacéutico: una empresa de gran tamaño correspondiente a un almacén mayorista, y una pequeña empresa correspondiente a las llamadas oficina de farmacia. Los resultados apuntan a que la empresa de mayor tamaño presenta características de diseño organizativo correspondientes al aseguramiento de la calidad. La oficina de farmacia, por el contrario, presenta características correspondientes a gestión de la calidad total.This research attempts to study the effects of introducing a quality management system on the structure of an organization. In a brief theoretical framework, the ensuing changes are described in the main design variables, and in particular, variables that refer to job design (degree of specialization, formalization, forms of performance control and outcomes, training and socialization), and structural design variables (training criteria for units, size of unit, linking mechanisms and the design of the decision-making system), after introducing a Quality Assurance Scheme (QA) and a Total Quality Management Scheme (TQM). The study is completed by a qualitative study of two cases of firms from the pharmaceutical sector: one large firm in the form of a wholesaler and a small firm dealing with pharmacy telephone enquiries. Results indicate that the larger firm shows organizational design characteristics that correspond to quality assurance. The pharmacy office, on the other hand, has characteristics that correspond to total quality management

An analysis of code mixing used in the novel Long Distance Hearts 2 by @LongDistance_R

This research concern with a sociolinguistics study. It is focused on thecode mixing theory. Nowadays some people often use code mixing in their dailycommunication. Code mixing becomes familiar in among, teenanger, old human even child. Most of them speak using code mixing. They used code mixing toavoid missunderstanding, this is also to show that code mixing can increase their ability to speak more than one languange. In this research, the researcher wants to analysis code mixing which exist in the novel entitled “Long Distance Hearts 2”The aims of this research is to describe the forms of code mixing used in the novel of Long Distance Hearts 2 and explain the reason of using code mixingin the novel of Long Distance Hearts 2.This research used descriptive qualitative method. This method used to explore and understanding the meaning individuals or group about the form ofcode mixing and the reason of using code mixing based on the data that gainedthrough reading the novel then selecting the form which exist in those novel. The last, explain the reason of using code mixing in the novel.The result of this research show that there are six forms which appear in the novel, they are insertion of word, insertion of phrase, insertion of hybrid,insertion of word reduplication, insertion of idiom and the last insertion of clause.Meanwhile, the reason of using code mixing are talking about particular topic,interjection, repetition used for clarification,intention of clarifying the speechcontent for interlocutor. Three reasons that are quoting somebody else, expressinggroup identity and being emphatic about something did not found in those novel. The researcher hopes this research can give the benefit to everyone especially to the reader and English Department student. The researcher alsohopes this research can increase the knowledge and can apply in the society sothat they have a bilingual speech

Case report: Self-administration of alpha-1 antitrypsin therapy: a report of two cases

Intravenous augmentation therapy with human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor for the management of respiratory disease is recommended for people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) who are nonsmokers or former smokers. Augmentation therapy usually requires weekly administration at the hospital or clinic and poses an additional burden for patients due to interference with daily life, including work and social activities. Self-administration is a useful alternative to overcome this limitation, but there is a lack of published information on clinical outcomes. We report two cases of individuals with AATD at different stages of the disease who were successfully managed with self-administered augmentation therapy, with increased satisfaction because of the independence gained, lack of interference with clinical stability, and no relevant safety issues

Quality of Life: Changes in Self-Perception in People with Down Syndrome as a Result of Being Part of a Football/Soccer Team. Self-Reports and External Reports

The hypothesis posed was whether being part of a football/soccer team influenced the quality of life (QL) of the people who participated in it since their perception of themselves is enhanced by factors, such as self-determination, social inclusion, emotional well-being, physical well-being, material well-being, rights, personal development, and internal relationships. The objective was to evaluate the QL of people with Down Syndrome (DS) using their self-perception (n = 39) and the perception of the informants (family members, teachers) (n = 39). The KidsLife-Down Scale, with a few modifications, was used. In general, differences of opinion between the subgroups of participants with DS and informants showed that results were higher in terms of perception for participants in the DS subgroup. Scores for all variables were higher for those participants with DS who said they did engage in practicing competitive football/soccer. Although the perception of informants provides a great deal of information regarding the QL of participants with DS, participants with DS should also be involved in the evaluation process and their self-perceptions taken into account. It is not participating in a football team that causes the conclusions of the study, but training (which includes the friendly matches that are played), the cause correlated with the improvements detected in the athlete’s DS

Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Modifies the Changes Induced in Non-Nervous Organs and Tissues by Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Models

This study reveals the existence of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) in non-nervous organs and tissues in multiple sclerosis (MS) by means of a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. This model reproduces a similar situation to MS, as well as its relationship with intestinal microbiota starting from the changes in bacterial lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS) in the outer wall of the gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the administration of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), hydroxytirosol (HT), and oleic acid (OA) exert beneficial effects. Twenty-five Dark Agouti two-month-old male rats, weighing around 190 g, were distributed into the following groups: Control, EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis group), EAE + EVOO, EAE + HT, and EAE + OA. The glutathione redox system with the EAE was measured in heart, kidney, liver, and small and large intestines. The LPS and the correlation with oxidative stress in the small and large intestines were also investigated. The results showed that (1) the oxidative damage in the EAE model affects non-nervous organs and tissues; (2) The LPS is related to inflammatory phenomena and oxidative stress in the intestinal tissue and in other organs; (3) The administration of EVOO, HT, and OA reduces the LPS levels at the same time as minimizing the oxidative damage; (4) EVOO, HT, and OA improve the disease’s clinical score; and (5) on balance, EVOO offers a better neuroprotective effect

Diseño y desarrollo de un simulador del entorno de cruce peatonal. Desde la evaluación mediante la captura de movimiento hacia su posible uso como entorno de entrenamiento

[ES]Los hallazgos encontrados por la psicología experimental relacionados con la marcha en las personas mayores y los riesgos de caídas y su prevención, no se han generalizado de forma sistemática al contexto de seguridad vial y por lo tanto no se han incorporado suficientemente a la investigación del comportamiento peatonal. Los estudios que unen las dos perspectivas son escasos, además de no reunir el rigor de medida y el control de variables que caracterizan a los estudios experimentales frente a los observacionales. Incorporar el paradigma de la doble tarea, propio del contexto experimental, al ámbito de la seguridad vial de las personas mayores, es el objetivo del trabajo. Además, pretendemos verificar el papel de la experiencia previa como conductores y del conocimiento de la normativa de tráfico en los protocolos educativos. Intentaremos conseguirlo mediante la creación de un simulador de cruce peatonal en todas sus condiciones (con semáforo y sin semáforo). En definitiva, se trata de establecer si el efecto de estímulos, tanto relacionados con el tráfico como no, interfiere de manera diferente en la conducta motora de cruce de calzada, dependiendo de la experiencia previa como conductores que tengan las personas.Dirección General de Tráfic

HLA-DRB1 association with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Objective: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in children but it is not exceptional in adults. Increased familial occurrence supports a genetic predisposition for HSP. In this context, an association with the human leukocyte antigen-HLA-DRB1*01 phenotype has been suggested in Caucasian individuals with HSP. However, data on the potential association of HSP with HLA-DRB1*01 were based on small case series. To further investigate this issue, we performed HLA-DRB1 genotyping of the largest series of HSP patients ever assessed for genetic studies in Caucasians. Methods: 342 Spanish patients diagnosed with HSP fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and the Michel et al classification criteria, and 303 sex and ethnically matched controls were assessed. HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined using a PCR-Sequence-Specific-Oligonucleotide Probe (PCR-SSOP) method. Results: A statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*01 in HSP patients when compared with controls was found (43% vs 7%, respectively; p<0.001; odds ratio-OR=2.03 [1.43-2.87]). It was due to the increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*0103 phenotype in HSP (14% vs 2%; p<0.001; OR=8.27 [3.46-23.9]). These results remained statistically significant after adjusting for Bonferroni correction. In contrast, a statistically significant decreased frequency of the HLA-DRB1*0301 phenotype was observed in patients compared to controls (5.6% vs 18.1%, respectively; p<0.001, OR=0.26 [0.14-0.47]), even after adjustment for Bonferroni correction. No HLA-DRB1 association with specific features of the disease was found. Conclusion: Our study confirms an association of HSP with HLA-DRB1*01 in Caucasians. Also, a protective effect against the development of HSP appears to exist in Caucasians carrying the HLA-DRB1*03 phenotype