Contract law and economics: cycles and equilibrium in the cannon of north american legal thought

Abstract The dynamics of law and economics in the cannon of American legal thought was initially characterized by a denial of the independence of contract law, tailored by judicial decisions and the realist revolution. This paper shows that this denial begets the rebirth of contract law based on policy doctrines that asked for the turn to economics, by giving a new linguistic framework and foundation to contracts. After such process, an inconspicuous doctrine of contract law was built by the Critical Legal Studies (CLS) doctrine. Its effect was not constructive but deconstructive, but purposeless and proposeless. After the failure of CLS, law and economics consolidated as the actual base of US contract law.Contract, Law and Economics, Law-Theory.

Notas acerca de las transformaciones de lo popular realizadas por el nuevo cine latinoamericano de Argentina, Brasil y Chile (1959-1976)

El artículo indaga teórica y críticamente la práctica cinematográfica desarrollada por el Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de Argentina, Brasil y Chile (1959-1976), examinando el proceso de construcción de una nueva concepción acerca de lo popular. Esta concepción ubica en el centro de sus preocupaciones los conflictos socioculturales y políticos, configurando lo popular como un estilo de vida y como una clase social que se encuentra en tensión continua con la clase dominante. Esta tensión nos lleva a tener presente que las formas y actividades culturales son un campo dinámico, en el cual se articulan relaciones de dominación y subordinación.The article explores theoretical and critically the film practice developed by the New Latin American Cinema of Argentina, Brazil and Chile (1959-1976), reviewing the process of building a new conception of the popular. This conception locates in the center of their concerns the socio-cultural, political and economic conflict, configuring the popular as a lifestyle and as a social class which is in constant tension with the ruling class. This tension leads us to bear in mind that cultural forms and activities are dynamic fields, in which relations of domination and subordination are articulated

Mediatic Preparation of Social Protest. Notes about the formation of an opinion full of aesthetics and free from politics

This essay poses some theoretical and critical thoughts aboutthe mediatic preparation of social protest free from politics. Weunderstand that these representations on TV inscribe themselvesas speeches, which bear mythic and aesthetic components,showing certain mechanisms of ideological transfer, that givean account for the internalization of the neo-liberal hegemony,which tends to reduce and privatize the argumentative politicalspeech under a compressed and disposable form that cannotbe but a hollow portrait of the deliberation and elucidation ofwhat is political.Este ensayo plantea algunas reflexiones teórico-críticas acerca de la despolitización mediática de la protesta social. En este sentido, entendemos que estas representaciones televisivas se inscriben como discursos que conllevan componentes mitificadores y estetizantes que permiten entrever ciertos mecanismos de transferencia ideológica que dan cuenta de la internalización de la hegemonía neoliberal, la cual tiende a reducir y privatizar el discurso político contestatario bajo una forma comprimida y desechable que no puede sino ser un retrato hueco de la deliberación y elucidación de lo polític

De la eclosión a la consolidación. Una mirada aproximativa a la construcción de lo popular por el nuevo cine chileno 1958 -1970

Este artículo se desarrolla a partir de la idea de que la prácticacinematográfica desarrollada por el Nuevo Cine Chileno se configura comouna práctica significante que permite, a través de la producción fílmica,dar cuenta del proceso de construcción de una nueva concepción acercade lo popular. Así, esta concepción ubica en el centro de sus preocupacioneslos conflictos socioculturales, políticos y económicos, configurando lopopular como un estilo de vida y como una clase social que se encuentraen tensión continua con la clase dominante. Esta tensión nos lleva a tenerpresente que las formas y actividades culturales son un campo dinámico,en el cual se articulan relaciones de dominación y subordinación.Concentrarnos en los procesos por los cuales determinadas relaciones depoder se instalan dentro del campo cultural, nos permite dar cuenta de lascambiantes y desiguales relaciones de fuerza, poniendo atención a larelación entre la cultura y las cuestiones de hegemonía. Así, lo que propongoes discutir desde y sobre las implicancias ideológicas inscritas en la prácticacinematográfica desarrollada por el Nuevo Cine Chileno

Inconstitucionalidad por inconmesurabilidad de modelos económicos: El caso de las tasas retributivas por contaminación

The author studies the incommensurability of economic models as a type, little explored of unconstitutionality, called the unconstitutionality for incommensurability of economic models. The author statutes that many of Colombian rules relapse in this type of methodological error and due to the lack of attention regarding the economic technique, no one had referred to this phenomenon. To explain the concept, the author analyses the case of the recompensing taxes for contamination of natural resources, implemented from 1974 in our country and reformed under Law 99 of 1993 and ordinance 901 of 1997. In order to explain this type of unconstitutionality, the author makes a brief study of what an economic model constitutes, then he elaborates a theoretical explanation of the concept of incommensurability, and incommensurability of economic models. Later on, he develops a review for the history of this policy instrument centring in models of environmental policy that inspires it, focusing in the current legislation and concluding with the explanation of the incommensurability in economic models in the actual legislation of the recompensing taxes for contamination of natural resources.Law and Economics, Environmental economics, taxes, Colombia, unconstitutionality, environmental policy

Environmental agreements as an alternative environmental policy mechanism

In this paper the author exposes an aproximation to what voluntary agreements as liberal mechanism of environmental policy constitute. He studies the environmental policy elements that take account for the elimination of State intervention in environmental policy for a managerial voluntary program of environmental protection. In development of this idea, the author exposes the political philosophy of freedom as a foundation for the environmental protection policy. Later on, he defines what the voluntary agreements are and he justifies why the economic agents, consumers and producers, need their implementation. He follows describing the types of agreements that exist and, then, studies the legal and economic implications -problems and advantages - of this mechanisms. He concludes analyzing some empiric evidence on the agreements and their implementation as the first step in the process of environmental regulation secession.Envoronmnetal policy, environmental agreements, law and economics, freedom,

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW OVER THE WING EQUIPPED WITH PASSIVE HIGH-LIFT DEVICES

[ES] Proyecto realizado en movilidad en Bucarest. Los objetivos son: - Análisis CFD 2D para mejorar la configuración de un perfil aerodinámico con dispositivos hipersustentadores pasivos de borde de ataque y de salida para despegue. Para ello se emplea el software CONVERGE CFD. - Análisis CFD 3D de un ala con el perfil anterior equipado con los dispositivos hipersustentadores. Para ello se emplea el software FlightStream.[EN] Project carried out in mobility in Bucharest. The objectives are: - 2D CFD analysis to improve an airfoil configuration with passive high-lift leading and trailing edge devices for take-off. CONVERGE CFD software is used for this purpose. - 3D CFD analysis of a wing with the airfoil equipped with the chosen high-lift devices. FlightStream software is used for this purpose.Cid Escobar, PG. (2021). CFD ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW OVER THE WING EQUIPPED WITH PASSIVE HIGH-LIFT DEVICES. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/169214TFG

Clinical Risk Score to Predict Pathogenic Genotypes in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Background Although genotyping allows family screening and influences risk-stratification in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or isolated left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), its result is negative in a significant number of patients, limiting its widespread adoption. Objectives This study sought to develop and externally validate a score that predicts the probability for a positive genetic test result (G+) in DCM/LVSD. Methods Clinical, electrocardiogram, and echocardiographic variables were collected in 1,015 genotyped patients from Spain with DCM/LVSD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables independently predicting G+, which were summed to create the Madrid Genotype Score. The external validation sample comprised 1,097 genotyped patients from the Maastricht and Trieste registries. Results A G+ result was found in 377 (37%) and 289 (26%) patients from the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Independent predictors of a G+ result in the derivation cohort were: family history of DCM (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.73-3.04; P < 0.001), low electrocardiogram voltage in peripheral leads (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.38-5.49; P < 0.001), skeletal myopathy (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.60-7.31; P = 0.001), absence of hypertension (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.67-3.13; P < 0.001), and absence of left bundle branch block (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.57-5.01; P < 0.001). A score containing these factors predicted a G+ result, ranging from 3% when all predictors were absent to 79% when ≥4 predictors were present. Internal validation provided a C-statistic of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.77) and a calibration slope of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.80-1.10). The C-statistic in the external validation cohort was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.78). Conclusions The Madrid Genotype Score is an accurate tool to predict a G+ result in DCM/LVSD.post-print1456 K

Fijación transpedicular y artrodesis posterolateral en el canal lumbar estrecho y espondilolistesis degenerativa: revisión de serie de casos, evaluando resultados de esta técnica quirúrgica

El canal lumbar estrecho y la espondilolistesis degenerativa son patologías frecuentes en la consulta de columna. Las opciones terapéuticas actuales van desde el manejo conservador hasta la cirugía con tasas de éxito del 90 al 96% y complicaciones hasta el 16%. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los resultados a largo plazo con la técnica de fijación transpedicular y artrodesis posterolateral en canal lumbar estrecho y espondilolistesis degenerativ

Insights into the Effect of Geometrical Parameters in the Mechanical Properties of the Radular Teeth of the Cryptochiton Stelleri – A 3D print Approach

The Cryptochiton Stelleri is known to have ultra-hard radular teeth that have one of the largest hardness (9-12GPa) and stiffness (90-125GPa) among other biological materials such as Enamel and Abalone shell. The ultrastructure of the teeth is formed by a bundle of highly mineralized rods composed of iron oxides and organic material. The main method to measure the material properties has been through nanoindentation. However there are limitations to nanoindentation of the Chiton’s teeth such as limited equipment, costly and time consuming preparation of the samples, and observation of nanoscale features being difficult. In this work, the rod-like microstructure of the Chiton’s teeth is modeled through 3D printing technology which are designed to represent the original counterparts and tested with indentation to compare the mechanical properties. The model is designed to mimic the Chiton’s teeth by having stiff hexagonal rods made of a polymer with a certain aspect ratio which are surrounded by weak support material. The results show a dependency of mechanical properties measured by indentation to the geometrical design, and shows improvement when having an aspect ratio of ~15. Further variations in aspect ratio and geometrical designs will be studied. Also, the advantages of a rod-like microstructure versus a random orientation are observed in the abrasion resistance of the material