Nutritional management of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis with intradialytic parenteral nutrition

No Abstract

Nutritional management of chronic renal failure by dietitians - the South African experience

Objective: The objective of this descriptive study was to assess the practices of South African dietitians regarding the dietary treatment of patients with chronic renal failure.Subjects and design: A questionnaire was mailed to 600 randomly selected dietitians registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Practices were compared to international standards for pre-dialysis, haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Results: A 26% response rate was obtained, with only 28% of these dietitians indicating that they counsel renal patients. The majority of dietitians met the international dietary recommendations, but a substantial number deviated from them. This was especially evident in PD patients, where the deviation ranged from 20% (4 dietitians) in the case of energy and phosphate, to 55% (11 dietitians) in the case of calcium. Parameters used for the assessment of nutritional status included body mass index (45% of dietitians), serum albumin (44%), clinical examinations (43%), bioelectrical impedance (37%) and diet history (36%). Methods used to monitor dietary compliance included biochemistry, dietary history, anthropometric measurements and clinical investigation. The most frequently used approaches in the management of protein-energy malnutrition included supplemental drinks (86%) and dietary enrichment at household level (76%).Conclusion: Although the majority of dietitians met international standards for most nutrients, there was some variation and uncertainty. Ongoing education will enable South African dietitians to treat renal patients competently and with confidence.South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 18(2) 2005: 60-6

Similarity theory and calculation of turbulent fluxes at the surface for the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layers

In this paper we revise the similarity theory for the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), formulate analytical approximations for the wind velocity and potential temperature profiles over the entire ABL, validate them against large-eddy simulation and observational data, and develop an improved surface flux calculation technique for use in operational models.Comment: The submission to a special issue of the Boundary-Layer Meteorology devoted to the NATO advanced research workshop Atmospheric Boundary Layers: Modelling and Applications for Environmental Securit

Expression and function of the bHLH genes ALCATRAZ and SPATULA in selected Solanaceae species

[EN] The genetic mechanisms underlying fruit development have been identified in Arabidopsis and have been comparatively studied in tomato as a representative of fleshy fruits. However, comparative expression and functional analyses on the bHLH genes downstream the genetic network, ALCATRAZ (ALC) and SPATULA (SPT), which are involved in the formation of the dehiscence zone in Arabidopsis, have not been functionally studied in the Solanaceae. Here, we perform detailed expression and functional studies of ALC/SPT homologs in Nicotiana obtusifolia with capsules, and in Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum with berries. In Solanaceae, ALC and SPT genes are expressed in leaves, and all floral organs, especially in petal margins, stamens and carpels; however, their expression changes during fruit maturation according to the fruit type. Functional analyses show that downregulation of ALC/SPT genes does not have an effect on gynoecium patterning; however, they have acquired opposite roles in petal expansion and have been co-opted in leaf pigmentation in Solanaceae. In addition, ALC/SPT genes repress lignification in time and space during fruit development in Solanaceae. Altogether, some roles of ALC and SPT genes are different between Brassicaceae and Solanaceae; while the paralogs have undergone some subfunctionalization in the former they are mostly redundant in the latter.This work was funded by COLCIENCIAS (111565842812), the iCOOP + 2016 COOPB20250 from the Centro Superior de Investigación Científica, CSIC, the ExpoSeed (H2020.MSCA-RISE-2015-691109) EU grant, the Convocatoria Programáticas 2017-16302, and the Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 2018-2019, from the Universidad de Antioquia. The authors would like to thank the group members of the Ferrándiz and Madueño Labs at IBMCP-UPV for training and help in the standardization of in situ hybridization. Finally, the authors thank Ricardo Callejas and Zulma Monsalve, from the Universidad de Antioquia, for their helpful suggestions during this research.Ortiz-Ramirez, CI.; Giraldo, MA.; Ferrandiz Maestre, C.; Pabon-Mora, N. (2019). Expression and function of the bHLH genes ALCATRAZ and SPATULA in selected Solanaceae species. The Plant Journal. 99(4):686-702. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14352S686702994Golam Masu, A. S. M., Khandaker, L., Berthold, J., Gates, L., Peters, K., Delong, H., & Hossain, K. (2011). Anthocyanin, Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Common Bean. American Journal of Food Technology, 6(5), 385-394. doi:10.3923/ajft.2011.385.394Atchley, W. R., Terhalle, W., & Dress, A. (1999). Positional Dependence, Cliques, and Predictive Motifs in the bHLH Protein Domain. 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Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Repressed in Lignin Synthesis Affects Auxin Transport and Plant Growth. The Plant Cell, 19(1), 148-162. doi:10.1105/tpc.106.044495Dardick, C., & Callahan, A. M. (2014). Evolution of the fruit endocarp: molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00284Dardick, C. D., Callahan, A. M., Chiozzotto, R., Schaffer, R. J., Piagnani, M. C., & Scorza, R. (2010). Stone formation in peach fruit exhibits spatial coordination of the lignin and flavonoid pathways and similarity to Arabidopsisdehiscence. BMC Biology, 8(1). doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-13Dinneny, J. R., Weigel, D., & Yanofsky, M. F. (2005). A genetic framework for fruit patterning inArabidopsis thaliana. Development, 132(21), 4687-4696. doi:10.1242/dev.02062Dong, Y., Burch-Smith, T. M., Liu, Y., Mamillapalli, P., & Dinesh-Kumar, S. P. (2007). A Ligation-Independent Cloning Tobacco Rattle Virus Vector for High-Throughput Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Identifies Roles for NbMADS4-1 and -2 in Floral Development. Plant Physiology, 145(4), 1161-1170. doi:10.1104/pp.107.107391Dong, T., Hu, Z., Deng, L., Wang, Y., Zhu, M., Zhang, J., & Chen, G. (2013). A Tomato MADS-Box Transcription Factor, SlMADS1, Acts as a Negative Regulator of Fruit Ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 163(2), 1026-1036. doi:10.1104/pp.113.224436Feller, A., Machemer, K., Braun, E. L., & Grotewold, E. (2011). Evolutionary and comparative analysis of MYB and bHLH plant transcription factors. The Plant Journal, 66(1), 94-116. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04459.xFerrandiz, C. (2002). Regulation of fruit dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(377), 2031-2038. doi:10.1093/jxb/erf082Ferrándiz, C., Liljegren, S. J., & Yanofsky, M. F. (2000). Negative Regulation of the SHATTERPROOF Genes by FRUITFULL During Arabidopsis Fruit Development. Science, 289(5478), 436-438. doi:10.1126/science.289.5478.436Fourquin, C., & Ferrándiz, C. (2012). Functional analyses of AGAMOUS family members in Nicotiana benthamiana clarify the evolution of early and late roles of C-function genes in eudicots. The Plant Journal, 71(6), 990-1001. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05046.xFourquin, C., & Ferrándiz, C. (2014). The essential role of NGATHA genes in style and stigma specification is widely conserved across eudicots. New Phytologist, 202(3), 1001-1013. doi:10.1111/nph.12703Fujisawa, M., Nakano, T., & Ito, Y. (2011). Identification of potential target genes for the tomato fruit-ripening regulator RIN by chromatin immunoprecipitation. BMC Plant Biology, 11(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-26Fujisawa, M., Shima, Y., Higuchi, N., Nakano, T., Koyama, Y., Kasumi, T., & Ito, Y. (2011). Direct targets of the tomato-ripening regulator RIN identified by transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Planta, 235(6), 1107-1122. doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1561-2Garceau, D. C., Batson, M. K., & Pan, I. L. (2017). Variations on a theme in fruit development: the PLE lineage of MADS-box genes in tomato (TAGL1) and other species. Planta, 246(2), 313-321. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2725-5Girin, T., Paicu, T., Stephenson, P., Fuentes, S., Körner, E., O’Brien, M., … Østergaard, L. (2011). INDEHISCENT and SPATULA Interact to Specify Carpel and Valve Margin Tissue and Thus Promote Seed Dispersal in Arabidopsis  . The Plant Cell, 23(10), 3641-3653. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.090944Gomariz-Fernández, A., Sánchez-Gerschon, V., Fourquin, C., & Ferrándiz, C. (2017). The Role of SHI/STY/SRS Genes in Organ Growth and Carpel Development Is Conserved in the Distant Eudicot Species Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00814Gould, K. S. (2000). Functional role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Quintinia serrata A. Cunn. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(347), 1107-1115. doi:10.1093/jexbot/51.347.1107Groszmann, M., Paicu, T., & Smyth, D. R. (2008). Functional domains of SPATULA, a bHLH transcription factor involved in carpel and fruit development in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 55(1), 40-52. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03469.xGroszmann, M., Bylstra, Y., Lampugnani, E. R., & Smyth, D. R. (2010). Regulation of tissue-specific expression of SPATULA, a bHLH gene involved in carpel development, seedling germination, and lateral organ growth in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(5), 1495-1508. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq015Groszmann, M., Paicu, T., Alvarez, J. P., Swain, S. M., & Smyth, D. R. (2011). SPATULA and ALCATRAZ, are partially redundant, functionally diverging bHLH genes required for Arabidopsis gynoecium and fruit development. The Plant Journal, 68(5), 816-829. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04732.xHorbowicz, M., Kosson, R., Grzesiuk, A., & Dębski, H. (2008). Anthocyanins of Fruits and Vegetables - Their Occurrence, Analysis and Role in Human Nutrition. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 68(1), 5-22. doi:10.2478/v10032-008-0001-8Ichihashi, Y., Horiguchi, G., Gleissberg, S., & Tsukaya, H. (2009). The bHLH Transcription Factor SPATULA Controls Final Leaf Size in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology, 51(2), 252-261. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp184Itkin, M., Seybold, H., Breitel, D., Rogachev, I., Meir, S., & Aharoni, A. (2009). TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKEâ 1 is a component of the fruit ripening regulatory network. The Plant Journal, 60(6), 1081-1095. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.04064.xIto, Y., Nishizawa-Yokoi, A., Endo, M., Mikami, M., Shima, Y., Nakamura, N., … Toki, S. (2017). Re-evaluation of the rin mutation and the role of RIN in the induction of tomato ripening. Nature Plants, 3(11), 866-874. doi:10.1038/s41477-017-0041-5KAY, Q. O. N., DAOUD, H. S., & STIRTON, C. H. (1981). Pigment distribution, light reflection and cell structure in petals. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 83(1), 57-83. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00129.xLiljegren, S. J., Ditta, G. S., Eshed, Y., Savidge, B., Bowman, J. L., & Yanofsky, M. F. (2000). SHATTERPROOF MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis. Nature, 404(6779), 766-770. doi:10.1038/35008089Liljegren, S. J., Roeder, A. H. ., Kempin, S. A., Gremski, K., Østergaard, L., Guimil, S., … Yanofsky, M. F. (2004). Control of Fruit Patterning in Arabidopsis by INDEHISCENT. Cell, 116(6), 843-853. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00217-xLiu, E., & Page, J. E. (2008). Optimized cDNA libraries for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) using tobacco rattle virus. Plant Methods, 4(1), 5. doi:10.1186/1746-4811-4-5Liu, Y., Schiff, M., Marathe, R., & Dinesh-Kumar, S. P. (2002). Tobacco Rar1, EDS1 and NPR1/NIM1 like genes are required for N-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The Plant Journal, 30(4), 415-429. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01297.xLivak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001). Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method. Methods, 25(4), 402-408. doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262Nesi, N., Debeaujon, I., Jond, C., Pelletier, G., Caboche, M., & Lepiniec, L. (2000). The TT8 Gene Encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Domain Protein Required for Expression of DFR and BAN Genes in Arabidopsis Siliques. The Plant Cell, 12(10), 1863-1878. doi:10.1105/tpc.12.10.1863Ortiz-Ramírez, C. I., Plata-Arboleda, S., & Pabón-Mora, N. (2018). Evolution of genes associated with gynoecium patterning and fruit development in Solanaceae. Annals of Botany, 121(6), 1211-1230. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy007Pabón-Mora, N., & Litt, A. (2011). Comparative anatomical and developmental analysis of dry and fleshy fruits of Solanaceae. American Journal of Botany, 98(9), 1415-1436. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100097Pabón-Mora, N., Ambrose, B. A., & Litt, A. (2012). Poppy APETALA1/FRUITFULL Orthologs Control Flowering Time, Branching, Perianth Identity, and Fruit Development    . Plant Physiology, 158(4), 1685-1704. doi:10.1104/pp.111.192104Pan, I. L., McQuinn, R., Giovannoni, J. J., & Irish, V. F. (2010). Functional diversification of AGAMOUS lineage genes in regulating tomato flower and fruit development. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(6), 1795-1806. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq046Penfield, S., Josse, E.-M., Kannangara, R., Gilday, A. D., Halliday, K. J., & Graham, I. A. (2005). Cold and Light Control Seed Germination through the bHLH Transcription Factor SPATULA. Current Biology, 15(22), 1998-2006. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.010Pires, N., & Dolan, L. (2009). Origin and Diversification of Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Plants. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27(4), 862-874. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp288Rajani, S., & Sundaresan, V. (2001). The Arabidopsis myc/bHLH gene ALCATRAZ enables cell separation in fruit dehiscence. Current Biology, 11(24), 1914-1922. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00593-0Roeder, A. H. K., & Yanofsky, M. F. (2006). Fruit Development in Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis Book, 4, e0075. doi:10.1199/tab.0075Roeder, A. H. K., Ferrándiz, C., & Yanofsky, M. F. (2003). The Role of the REPLUMLESS Homeodomain Protein in Patterning the Arabidopsis Fruit. Current Biology, 13(18), 1630-1635. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.08.027Schulz, M., & Weissenböck, G. (1986). Isolation and Separation of Epidermal and Mesophyll Protoplasts from Rye Primary Leaves — Tissue-Specific Characteristics of Secondary Phenolic Product Accumulation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 41(1-2), 22-27. doi:10.1515/znc-1986-1-205Seymour, G. B., Østergaard, L., Chapman, N. H., Knapp, S., & Martin, C. (2013). Fruit Development and Ripening. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 64(1), 219-241. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120057Smykal, P., Gennen, J., De Bodt, S., Ranganath, V., & Melzer, S. (2007). Flowering of strict photoperiodic Nicotiana varieties in non-inductive conditions by transgenic approaches. Plant Molecular Biology, 65(3), 233-242. doi:10.1007/s11103-007-9211-6Tani, E., Polidoros, A. N., & Tsaftaris, A. S. (2007). Characterization and expression analysis of FRUITFULL- and SHATTERPROOF-like genes from peach (Prunus persica) and their role in split-pit formation. Tree Physiology, 27(5), 649-659. doi:10.1093/treephys/27.5.649Tani, E., Tsaballa, A., Stedel, C., Kalloniati, C., Papaefthimiou, D., Polidoros, A., … Tsaftaris, A. (2011). The study of a SPATULA-like bHLH transcription factor expressed during peach (Prunus persica) fruit development. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49(6), 654-663. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.020Tisza, V., Kovács, L., Balogh, A., Heszky, L., & Kiss, E. (2010). Characterization of FaSPT, a SPATULA gene encoding a bHLH transcriptional factor from the non-climacteric strawberry fruit. 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Vertical structure of recent arctic warming from observed data and reanalysis products

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0192-8Spatiotemporal patterns of recent (1979–2008) air temperature trends are evaluated using three reanalysis datasets and radiosonde data. Our analysis demonstrates large discrepancies between the reanalysis datasets, possibly due to differences in the data assimilation procedures as well as sparseness and inhomogeneity of high-latitude observations. We test the robustness of Arctic tropospheric warming based on the ERA-40 dataset. ERA-40 Arctic atmosphere temperatures tend to be closer to the observed ones in terms of root mean square error compare to other reanalysis products used in the article. However, changes in the ERA-40 data assimilation procedure produce unphysical jumps in atmospheric temperatures, which may be the likely reason for the elevated tropospheric warming trend in 1979-2002. NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis show that the near-surface upward temperature trend over the same period is greater than the tropospheric trend, which is consistent with direct radiosonde observations and inconsistent with ERA-40 results. A change of sign in the winter temperature trend from negative to positive in the late 1980s is documented in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere with a maximum over the Canadian Arctic, based on radiosonde data. This change from cooling to warming tendency is associated with weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex and shift of its center toward the Siberian coast and possibly can be explained by the changes in the dynamics of the Arctic Oscillation. This temporal pattern is consistent with multi-decadal variations of key Arctic climate parameters like, for example, surface air temperature and oceanic freshwater content. Elucidating the mechanisms behind these changes will be critical to understanding the complex nature of high-latitude variability and its impact on global climate change.acceptedVersio

On the Velocity Gradient in Stably Stratified Sheared Flows. Part 1: Asymptotic Analysis and Applications

Peer reviewe

Induction of microRNAs, mir-155, mir-222, mir-424 and mir-503, promotes monocytic differentiation through combinatorial regulation

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involves a block in terminal differentiation of the myeloid lineage and uncontrolled proliferation of a progenitor state. Using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), it is possible to overcome this block in THP-1 cells (an M5-AML containing the MLL-MLLT3 fusion), resulting in differentiation to an adherent monocytic phenotype. As part of FANTOM4, we used microarrays to identify 23 microRNAs that are regulated by PMA. We identify four PMA-induced micro- RNAs (mir-155, mir-222, mir-424 and mir-503) that when overexpressed cause cell-cycle arrest and partial differentiation and when used in combination induce additional changes not seen by any individual microRNA. We further characterize these prodifferentiative microRNAs and show that mir-155 and mir-222 induce G2 arrest and apoptosis, respectively. We find mir-424 and mir-503 are derived from a polycistronic precursor mir-424-503 that is under repression by the MLL-MLLT3 leukemogenic fusion. Both of these microRNAs directly target cell-cycle regulators and induce G1 cell-cycle arrest when overexpressed in THP-1. We also find that the pro-differentiative mir-424 and mir-503 downregulate the anti-differentiative mir-9 by targeting a site in its primary transcript. Our study highlights the combinatorial effects of multiple microRNAs within cellular systems.Comment: 45 pages 5 figure

Energy- and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure model for the stably stratified flows. Part I: Steady-state, homogeneous regimes

We propose a new turbulence closure model based on the budget equations for the key second moments: turbulent kinetic and potential energies: TKE and TPE (comprising the turbulent total energy: TTE = TKE + TPE) and vertical turbulent fluxes of momentum and buoyancy (proportional to potential temperature). Besides the concept of TTE, we take into account the non-gradient correction to the traditional buoyancy flux formulation. The proposed model grants the existence of turbulence at any gradient Richardson number, Ri. Instead of its critical value separating - as usually assumed - the turbulent and the laminar regimes, it reveals a transition interval, 0.1< Ri <1, which separates two regimes of essentially different nature but both turbulent: strong turbulence at Ri<<1; and weak turbulence, capable of transporting momentum but much less efficient in transporting heat, at Ri>1. Predictions from this model are consistent with available data from atmospheric and lab experiments, direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES).Comment: 40 pages, 6 figures, Boundary-layer Meteorology, resubmitted, revised versio