Evaluation of face shape in Turkish individuals

The aim of this study was to determine the types of face shape in the Turkish population. Knowledge on face shape is important in anthropology and for planning medical procedures such as in aesthetic, maxillofacial and orthodontic surgery. The study group consisted of 1003 healthy subjects (470 male, 533 female) aged 18–68 years. Mean height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 1.74 m, 78.65 Kg, 25.80±3.50 kg/m2 and 1.62 m, 60.55 kg, 22.87±3.49 kg/m2 in males and females, respectively. Face length (FL; the distance from nasion to gnathion) and face width (FW; bizygomatic breadth) were measured, from which a Prosopic Index (PI) was determined using the following formula: (PI= FL/FW x 100). The types of face shape were classified according to Banister’s classification Type I (hypereuryprosopic), Type II (euryprosopic), Type III (mesoprosopic), Type IV (leptoprosopic), Type V (hyperleptoprosopic) in both males and females. PI was 84.31 (FL: 12.07 cm; FW: 14.34 cm) in males and 85.25 (FL: 11.30 cm; FW: 13.28 cm) in females. In males and females Type I face shape was observed in 18.1 % and 15.6 %; Type II in 35.3 % and 34.3 %; Type III in 33.2 % and 34.3 %; Type IV in 8.7 % and 11.8 %; and Type V in 4.7 % and 3.9 %, respectively. The determination of types of face shape as presented in this study may be useful for aesthetic surgical procedures as well as medical and anthropological investigations.</p

Stres Üriner Inkontinansi Olan Kadinlarda Suburetral Doku Elastikiyetinin Değerlendirilmesinde Elastosonografinin Yeri

Amaç: Stres Üriner İnkontinansı (SÜİ) olan kadın hastalarda Elastosonografinin (ES) klinik ve diagnostik deerini saptamak. Gereç ve yöntemler: SÜİ tanısı olan 30 kadın ve şikayeti olmayan 30 kadın hastanın ES tetkikindeki suburetral doku elastikiyetleri karşılaştırıldı. Ped testi, Q-tip ve stres testleriyle SÜİ ve mesane boynunun hipermobilitesi teşhis edildi. ES tetkikinde mesane altı (MA) ve cilt altı (CA) dokular ile üretra (Ü) ölçüm alanları olarak deerlendirildi. MAĞCA,ÜĞCA ve MAĞÜ oranları hesaplandı. ES esnasında elde edilen bu oranların tanısal deeri ROC curve analizi ile incelendi. Bulgular: MAĞCA (AUC0.962, P0.001) ve ÜĞCA (AUC0.953, P0.001) stres test pozitişii için anlamlı prediktördür. MAĞCA (AUC0.883, P0.001) ve ÜĞCA (AUC0.885, P0.001) Ped testi için anlamlı prediktördür. MAĞCA (AUC0.877, P0.001) ve ÜĞCA (AUC0.857, P0.001) Q tip test pozitişii için anlamlı prediktördür. Lineer regresyon analizinde Stres test pozitişii MAĞCA (R20.84, beta0.369, P0.026) ve ÜĞCA (R20.84, beta0.496, P0.003) ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı birliktelik göstermektedir. Sonuç: ES ile doku elastikiyetinin karakterizasyonu, SÜİ ve mesane boynu hipermobilitesinin teşhisinde umut verici bir teknik olup, SÜİ cerrahisi için hasta seçiminde ek metot olarak kullanılabilir.Objective: To determine clinical and diagnostic value of elastosonography (ES) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Material and methods: Thirty subjects with SUI and 30 subjects without SUI were compared in terms of elastosonographic suburethral tissue elasticity. SUI and bladder neck hypermobility was determined by pad test, Q-tip and stress tests. Measurements points included under bladder (UB), subcutaneous fatty tissue (SC), and the urethra (U) points. Three indices were calculated using these measurements (UB/SC, U/SC and UB/U). The diagnostic value of ES indices were investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results: ES UB/SC (AUC0.962, P0.001) and U/SC (AUC0.953, P0.001) were significant predictors for stress test positivity. ES UB/SC (AUC0.883, P0.001) and U/SC (AUC0.885, P0.001) were significant predictors for pad test positivity. ES UB/SC (AUC0.877, P0.001) and U/SC (AUC0.857, P0.001) were significant predictors for Q tip test positivity. In linear regression analysis, stress test positivity was significantly associated with the ES UB/SC (R20.84, beta0.369, P0.026) and ES U/SC (R20.84, beta0.496, P0.003). Conclusion: Elastosonographic tissue elasticity determination is a promising tool in bladder neck hypermobility and SUI diagnosis, and may be used as an adjunctive method in selecting patients appropriate for stress urinary incontinence surgery