Pengembangan Paket Bimbingan Sebaya Mahasiswa untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Asertif Korban dalam Menghadapi Perilaku Bullying di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Unesa

Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Unesa, pengembang menyimpulkan adanya gejala perilaku pada korban bullying yang memiliki kecenderungan menjadi pelaku bullying. hal ini disebabkan rendahnya sikap asertif (tidak mampu mengungkapkan keinginan dan perasaannya) terhadap pelaku bullying sehingga korban cenderung bersikap agresif dan melakukan bullying pada situasi dan subyek yang berbeda. Selain itu tidak ditemukan adanya media yang secara khusus dikembangkan dalam bidang pribadi-sosial, yaitu sikap asertif dalam menghadapi perilaku bullying mahasiswa. Dalam penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan seperangkat paket Bimbingan Sebaya Mahasiswa, kemudian mengetahui akseptabilitas produk berdasarkan aspek kegunaan, kemudahan, ketepatan, dan kepatutan, serta untuk mengetahui kemampuan paket untuk meningkatkan sikap asertif korban dalam menghadapi perilaku bullying di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Unesa. Produk yang dihasilkan terdiri dari dua penggalan, yaitu paket penggalan I untuk pembimbing sebaya, dan paket penggalan II untuk mahasiswa yang teridentifikasi sebagai korban bullying. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Borg & Gall (1983) yang telah diadaptasi.                 Hasil analisis akseptabilitas produk pada aspek kegunaan paket penggalan I mencapai 88,92%, aspek kemudahan mencapai 85,25%, aspek ketepatan mencapai, 88,85%, aspek kepatutan mencapai 88,5%. Sedangkan aspek kegunaan paket penggalan II mencapai 90,23%, aspek kemudahan mencapai 88,43%, aspek ketepatan mencapai 90,18%, aspek kepatutan mencapai 80%. Hasil analisis kemampuan/efektifitas produk dilihat dari hasil ubahan skor pre test dan post test dilihat dari tabel tes binomial dengan ketentuan N=8 dan x=0 (z), maka diperoleh ρ (kemungkinan harga di bawah Ho) = 0,004 dengan taraf ketetapan α (taraf kesalahan) sebesar 5% adalah 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa harga 0,004 < 0,05. Rata-rata pre test sebesar 90,75 dan rata-rata post test sebesar 119,375. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa paket Bimbingan Sebaya Mahasiswa telah memenuhi kriteria akseptabilitas dan efektifitas produk yang meliputi aspek kegunaan, kemudahan, ketepatan dan kepatutan dan dapat meningkatkan sikap asertif korban dalam menghadapi perilaku bullying di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Unesa.  Kata kunci: bimbingan sebaya mahasiswa, perilaku bullying, sikap asertif korban dalam menghadapi perilaku bullyin

Makna Pencapaian Prestasi Belajar Pada Mahasiswa Program Pascasarjana Dengan Peran Ganda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengalaman dan makna pencapaian prestasi belajar pada mahasiswa Program Pascasarjana dengan peran ganda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan tiga orang mahasiswa perempuan pada Program Pascasarjana yang berstatus menikah dan bekerja dengan indeks prestasi kumulatif diatas 3.50 sebagai kriteria partisipan. Teknik penggalian data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara mendalam. Teknik pemantapan kredibilitas yang digunakan adalah member check. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Temuan pengalaman dalam mencapai prestasi belajar pada mahasiswa dengan peran ganda meliputi tertib presensi perkuliahan, mengerjakan tugas tepat waktu, mempersiapkan diri mengikuti ujian, dan melengkapi literatur yang mendukung pembelajaran. Temuan makna dalam mencapai prestasi belajar meliputi meningkatkan harga diri, membuat bangga keluarga, dan mencapai jenjang karir. Berdasarkan hasil temuan dalam penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengalaman mahasiswa dengan peran ganda berbeda-beda dalam mencapai prestasi belajar, sehingga pengalaman tersebut juga dimaknai berbeda menurut persepsi masing-masing individu

Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Highly Invasive Species: Cogongrass \u3ci\u3e(Imperata cylindrica)\u3c/i\u3e Expansion in the Invaded Range of the Southern United States (US)

The spatial expansions of invasive organisms in the novel range are generally expected to follow an isolation-by-distance relationship (IBD) if the invasion is biologically driven; however, many invasions are facilitated anthropogenically. This research focused on the extant expansion patterns of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica). Cogongrass is a widespread invasive species throughout the southern United States (US). Patterns of infestation vary among US states. Cogongrass is pyrogenic, and its invasion threatens softwood (Pinus spp.) plantations, a substantial economic market for this US region. Over 600 individuals were sampled from seven invaded US states, using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess genetic diversity and population structure. We suspected that differences in historical management efforts among US states influenced differences in genetic diversity and structure. We detected two genetic lineages at the highest level of analysis. One genetic lineage was locally restricted, whereas the other was found throughout the study region. Admixed individuals were found in all US states and consistently co-occurred with the dominant lineage, suggesting that secondary contact and hybridization may have facilitated expansion. The widespread prevalence of only one of the two detected genetic lineages suggests a primary genetic lineage responsible for on-going population expansion in the US

Surface-dwelling and Subterranean Invertebrate Fauna Associated with Giant Reed (Arundo donax Poaceae) in Southern California

In the southwestern United States giant reed, Arundo donax, is a nonnative invasive plant that has become widely established in moist places and forms its largest stands along riparian corridors. The most widely reported negative effects include competition with native species, increased rate of transpiration, increased potential for wildfires, and stream channel and bank alteration. However, little is known about the faunal communities associated with this plant and the potential effects on native fauna. In this study, we focused our efforts on determining the faunal composition specifically from rhizome clumps of A. donax from a site located along the Santa Margarita River in San Diego County, California. A total of 2590 individual macro-invertebrates were collected and identified, and represented 64 species from 7 classes. No sensitive species and few vertebrates were found to be in association with A. donax rhizome clumps. Four non-native invertebrate species made up 43% of the total number of captured invertebrates, and 31% of the sampled invertebrates were confirmed as native species. This study demonstrates that A. donax rhizome clumps, and the soils associated with them, provide habitat for several native macro-invertebrate species, but can be dominated by a greater abundance of non-native species

Complexity-Entropy Causality Plane as a Complexity Measure for Two-dimensional Patterns

Complexity measures are essential to understand complex systems and there are numerous definitions to analyze one-dimensional data. However, extensions of these approaches to two or higher-dimensional data, such as images, are much less common. Here, we reduce this gap by applying the ideas of the permutation entropy combined with a relative entropic index. We build up a numerical procedure that can be easily implemented to evaluate the complexity of two or higher-dimensional patterns. We work out this method in different scenarios where numerical experiments and empirical data were taken into account. Specifically, we have applied the method to i) fractal landscapes generated numerically where we compare our measures with the Hurst exponent; ii) liquid crystal textures where nematic-isotropic-nematic phase transitions were properly identified; iii) 12 characteristic textures of liquid crystals where the different values show that the method can distinguish different phases; iv) and Ising surfaces where our method identified the critical temperature and also proved to be stable.Comment: Accepted for publication in PLoS On

Magnetorheological landing gear: 2. Validation using experimental data

Aircraft landing gears are subjected to a wide range of excitation conditions with conflicting damping requirements. A novel solution to this problem is to implement semi-active damping using magnetorheological (MR) fluids. In part 1 of this contribution, a methodology was developed that enables the geometry of a flow mode MR valve to be optimized within the constraints of an existing passive landing gear. The device was designed to be optimal in terms of its impact performance, which was demonstrated using numerical simulations of the complete landing gear system. To perform the simulations, assumptions were made regarding some of the parameters used in the MR shock strut model. In particular, the MR fluid's yield stress, viscosity, and bulk modulus properties were not known accurately. Therefore, the present contribution aims to validate these parameters experimentally, via the manufacture and testing of an MR shock strut. The gas exponent, which is used to model the shock strut's nonlinear stiffness, is also investigated. In general, it is shown that MR fluid property data at high shear rates are required in order to accurately predict performance prior to device manufacture. Furthermore, the study illustrates how fluid compressibility can have a significant influence on the device time constant, and hence on potential control strategies

An Analysis of Resting-State Functional Transcranial Doppler Recordings from Middle Cerebral Arteries

Functional transcrannial Doppler (fTCD) is used for monitoring the hemodynamics characteristics of major cerebral arteries. Its resting-state characteristics are known only when considering the maximal velocity corresponding to the highest Doppler shift (so called the envelope signals). Significantly more information about the resting-state fTCD can be gained when considering the raw cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) recordings. In this paper, we considered simultaneously acquired envelope and raw CBFV signals. Specifically, we collected bilateral CBFV recordings from left and right middle cerebral arteries using 20 healthy subjects (10 females). The data collection lasted for 15 minutes. The subjects were asked to remain awake, stay silent, and try to remain thought-free during the data collection. Time, frequency and time-frequency features were extracted from both the raw and the envelope CBFV signals. The effects of age, sex and body-mass index were examined on the extracted features. The results showed that the raw CBFV signals had a higher frequency content, and its temporal structures were almost uncorrelated. The information-theoretic features showed that the raw recordings from left and right middle cerebral arteries had higher content of mutual information than the envelope signals. Age and body-mass index did not have statistically significant effects on the extracted features. Sex-based differences were observed in all three domains and for both, the envelope signals and the raw CBFV signals. These findings indicate that the raw CBFV signals provide valuable information about the cerebral blood flow which can be utilized in further validation of fTCD as a clinical tool. © 2013 Sejdić et al

A Study of Brain Networks Associated with Swallowing Using Graph-Theoretical Approaches

Functional connectivity between brain regions during swallowing tasks is still not well understood. Understanding these complex interactions is of great interest from both a scientific and a clinical perspective. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was utilized to study brain functional networks during voluntary saliva swallowing in twenty-two adult healthy subjects (all females, 23.1±1.52 years of age). To construct these functional connections, we computed mean partial correlation matrices over ninety brain regions for each participant. Two regions were determined to be functionally connected if their correlation was above a certain threshold. These correlation matrices were then analyzed using graph-theoretical approaches. In particular, we considered several network measures for the whole brain and for swallowing-related brain regions. The results have shown that significant pairwise functional connections were, mostly, either local and intra-hemispheric or symmetrically inter-hemispheric. Furthermore, we showed that all human brain functional network, although varying in some degree, had typical small-world properties as compared to regular networks and random networks. These properties allow information transfer within the network at a relatively high efficiency. Swallowing-related brain regions also had higher values for some of the network measures in comparison to when these measures were calculated for the whole brain. The current results warrant further investigation of graph-theoretical approaches as a potential tool for understanding the neural basis of dysphagia. © 2013 Luan et al