The life-history traits in a breeding population of Darevskia valentini from Turkey

We investigated the age structure, body size, longevity and growth in a breeding population of Darevskia valentini inhabiting highland altitude in Balahor, Turkey. According to the skeletochronological analysis (n= 25; 14 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀), the estimated ages ranged from 3 to 9 years (from 4 to 7 in males and from 3 to 9 in females). The maximum life span was 7 years in males and 9 years in females. The age at maturity was found to be 3 years in both sexes. The mean age and SVL were not statistically different between sexes. For both sexes, we found a significant positive correlation between body size and the number of LAGs. The growth coefficient (k) was lower in females (0.30) than in males (0.76) while asymptotic SVL was higher in females (70.06) than in males (60.55). Growth rates were found to be significantly different between both sexes (females grew faster than males). However, a low level of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) was observed in the population

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Vakalarla Kalp Damar Cerrahisi II

İzole persistan sol superior vena kava (PLSVC); sol subklavyen ve internal juguler venlerin bileşkesinden başlayan, mediastenin sol tarafında arkus aorta komşulu-ğundan geçen nadir görülen bir konjenitalvasküler anomalidir. PLSVC çoğun-lukla koroner sinüs(KS) yoluyla sağ atriyuma(RA) drene olur. Genellikle asemp-tomatik seyreder vekalp cerrahisi esnasında tesadüfen fark edilebilir. Farklı bir bölgeye drenajı olan ya da sağ-sol şant görülen hastalarçarpıntı, çabuk yorulma, halsizlik, göğüs ağrısı, senkop, siyanoz gibi bulgular ve semptomlar ile karşımıza çıkabilir(1-4).i bulgular ve semptomlar ile karşımıza çıkabilir(1-4).</p

Hidden diversity in a narrow valley: description of new endemic palearctic rock lizard darevskia (squamata: lacertidae) species from northeastern Turkey

WOS:000841447700004Darevskia is a particularly species-rich radiation of Palearctic rock lizards from the Caucasus region. Thanks to intense systematic and taxonomic research, the knowledge of species-level diversity within this genus has increased over the last quarter century. Here, we described a new species, Darevskia salihae sp. nov. from northeastern Turkey. The new taxon is differentiated from other nearby taxon by the low number of dorsal scales in the middle of the body, the shorter body length, and the absence of blue dots both on the lateral region above the forelimbs and on the margin of the ventral plates. In addition to their morphological differences, the new taxon is phylogenetically different from close groups. It is located in a separate subclade from the rudis-valentini-portschinskii subclade. This distinction is supported by both a high bootstrap value (100) and a high posterior probability value (1.00). These two subclades are separated from each other by a genetic distance of almost 4%. This separation is supported not only genetically and morphologically, but also geographically. Since the habitat of the new taxon is limited to a high mountain and a narrow valley, it does not provide an opportunity for a different Darevskia species to shelter because it creates geographical isolation. However, Darevskia parvula that live closest to the habitat of the new taxon live only at the habitat boundaries and do not enter areas where the new taxon is found. Therefore, it might be possible that while it was separated from the rudis-valentini-portschinskii group during the evolutionary transformation, it remained as a refuge and relict in a narrow area as a result of the collapse of the valleys and the partial uplift of the Kackar Mountains

Güneydoğu Anadolu'daki işçi popülasyonları için toprak ve su kaynaklı paraziter enfeksiyonlar sağlık riski oluşturur mu?

Amaç: Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde toprak ve su kaynaklı paraziter enfeksiyon oranı yüksektir. Göçmen işçiler, bu paraziter enfeksiyonlara daha fazla maruz kalmaktadırlar ve işçilerdeki bu enfeksiyonlardan dolayı ölümler görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin güneydoğusundaki Gaziantep Organize Sanayi Bölgesindeki toprak ve su ile bulaşan parazit varlığını araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: Gaziantep Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nden (kış ve yaz) iki farklı mevsimde toplam 25 çevre örneği (7 su örneği ve 18 toprak örneği) alınmıştır. Örneklerin hepsi mikroskobik inceleme, kültür yöntemleri ile parazit varlığı açısından incelendi. Parazitler polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ve DNA dizi analizi ile genotiplendirildi. Bulgular: Yaz mevsiminde alınan toprak ve su örneklerinde %52 (13/25) oranında parazit tespit edilirken, kış mevsiminde alınan örneklerde parazit bulunmadı. Toprak örneklerinde %22,3 (4/18) Acanthamoeba (genotype 4); %16,6 (3/18) Ascaris lumbricoides, %11,1 (2/18) Strongoides stercoralis ve su örneklerinde %14,3 (1/7) Acanthamoeba (T4), %42,9 (3/7) Blastocystis (subtip3) bulundu. Sonuç: Göç eden işçi dalgaları, Gaziantep şehrinin etnik bileşimini ve halk sağlığı sorununu her zaman şekillendirmiştir. İklim değişikliği, parazit dağılımını etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir ve bizim çalışmamız yaz aylarında parazit prevalansının arttığını göstermektedir. Önümüzdeki yıllardaki global hedefimiz işçi popülasyonlarındaki toprak ve su kaynaklı paraziter enfeksiyonlara bağlı ölümleri ortadan kaldırmak olmalıdır. Böylece ülkemizdeki parazit enfeksiyonlarının hastalıklarının dağılımını önlemiş oluruzObjective: The soil and waterborne parasitic infections rate is high degree in developed and developing countries. Migratory workers have greater exposure to these parasitic infections and a lot of morbidity due to these infections in workers. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the presence of soil and waterborne parasites in the Gaziantep Organized Industrial Zone of southeast Turkey. Methods: A total of 25 environmental samples (18 soil samples and 7 water samples) were taken from The Gaziantep Organized Industrial Zone, in two different seasons (summer and winter). All of the samples were screened for parasites using microscopic examination and culture methods. The parasites were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis. Results: The prevalence of soil and water transmitted parasites was found to be positive 52% (13/25) in summer while there is no any parasites in winter. It was found 22.3% (4/18) Acanthamoeba (genotype4), 16.6% (3/18) Ascaris lumbricoides, 11.1% (2/18) Strongoides stercoralis in soil samples and 14.3% (1/7) Acanthamoeba (genotype 4), 42.9% (3/7) Blastocystis (subtype3) in all of water samples. Conclusion: The migratory worker waves have always shaped the ethnic composition and public health problem of the province of Gaziantep. Climate change has the potential to influence prevalence of parasite and our study has shown that increased prevalence of parasite in summer. The global target for the coming years should be to remove the deaths from earth and waterborne parasitic infections in the worker populations. Thus, we prevent the distribution of parasitic infections in our countr

Overview of Treatment Methods in Peripheral Major Vascular Injuries: A Retrospective Study

Objective: Vascular injuries are observed in 0.2-4% of all traumas and can be life-threatening or difficult when not properly treated. In this study, we aimed to present our experience in the treated vascular injury cases

Phylogenetic relationships of <i>D. rudis</i> (Bedriaga, 1886) and <i>D. bithynica</i>(Mehely, 1909) based on microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA in Turkey

<p>The spiny-tailed lizard of the genus <i>Darevskia</i> have a series of taxonomic revisions, but still their phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain. In the present study, we have assessed taxonomic relationships among <i>Darevskia bithynica</i> and <i>Darevskia rudis</i> populations through estimation of phylogenetic relationships among 96 specimens using microsatellite DNA (<i>Du215</i>, <i>Du281</i>, <i>Du323</i> and <i>Du418</i> loci) and 53 specimens using mtDNA (16S rRNA and cytb) from main populations in Turkey. Although <i>D. b. bithynica</i> and <i>D. r. mirabilis</i> were separated based on the PCoA analysis at low level from other <i>D. rudis</i> and <i>D. bithynica</i> populations, the distance values of Nei's genetic distance, Nei's unbiased genetic distance, Fst and Linear Fst were not high among taxa in microsatellite DNA. On the other hand, our phylogenetic analyses (NJ, ML, MP and BI) did not separate <i>D. rudis</i> and <i>D. bithynica</i> populations. Finally, most of the topologically identical trees of phylogenetic analyses and microsatellite results showed that the extant populations of <i>D. rudis</i> and <i>D. bithynica</i> were found to be polytomy. Based on our molecular phylogenetic study, <i>D. rudis</i> complex is still ongoing revisions.</p

Body size and age structure of the endangered Clark’s lizard (Darevskia clarkorum) populations from two different altitudes in Turkey

We investigated age structure, body size and longevity in two breeding populations of <i>Darevskia clarkorum </i>inhabiting altitudes ranging from 450 m a.s.l. (Kamilet) to 2250 m a.s.l. (Ba¸syayla) in Turkey by skeletochronology performed on the phalanges. The mean age was found to be 6 years in the Kamilet population and 7 years in the Ba¸syayla population. The maximum life span was 10 years in the lowland population while it was 12 years in the highland population. Age at sexual maturity of both males and females was 1-2 years in the lowland population while it was 2-3 for both sexes in the highland population. Both age and SVL of specimens from the Kamilet population were significantly different between the sexes while age and SVL did not differ significantly between the sexes in Ba¸syayla population. As a conclusion, we observed that the mean age, longevity and age at maturity were increased by altitude while there was a decrease based on the mean SVL in the highland population of <i>D. clarkorum</i>. Our data on body size, longevity and age at sexual maturity may contribute to conservation efforts for this endangered species