Evaluando el discurso docente: desarrollo de un modelo de Rasch a partir de la evidencia audiovisual de profesores chilenos de primer ciclo de educación básica en el aréa de lenguaje

El presente estudio investiga la naturaleza del discurso docente en aula de los profesores y profesoras de lenguaje de enseñanza básica en Chile. Para ello reanaliza datos de videos recolectados en un estudio previo en 2003. El modelo estadístico utilizado para analizar dicha información permite ubicar en una misma escala intervalar las características (habilidades) de los profesores y las características (dificultades) de las tareas que definen el discurso docente; esto permite no sólo la comparación directa entre profesores, sino también entre profesores con respecto a las variables de discurso docente. De esta forma, es posible interpretar la habilidad de los profesores con respecto al significado sustantivo de las variables del discurso docente. Utilizando estas comparaciones, este estudio pretende alcanzar dos fines: primero, detectar cuáles son las principales fortalezas y debilidades que caracterizan el discurso docente y, en segundo lugar, tratar de posicionar estas fortalezas y debilidades en un enfoque de diferencias individuales.La preparación de este manuscrito fue financiada por el proyecto "Estrategias de medición y análisis de datos educacionales usando modelos con variables latentes. Proyecto VRAID 2008 Concurso Especial en Educación". Adicionalmente, el trabajo de David Preiss en la preparación de este manuscrito fue financiado por el proyecto FONDECYT No. 11060389

¿Se puede afirmar que la Ciencia une y la religión divide?

La historia registra numerosas instancias de conflicto y división religiosa, incluidos los tiempos modernos en que ciertas posturas fundamentalistas alteran la convivencia y pueden dar origen a inusitada violencia. Al mismo tiempo, la emergencia de la ciencia y la construcción conceptual acerca de la naturaleza a que esta ha dado origen aparece como una conquista unitaria de la humanidad, emergiendo desde la igualdad de los se-res humanos por encima de las diferencias de género, raza o cultura. La validación empírica de sus verdades permite a la ciencia alcanzar consensos universales, mientras las verdades de la religión se apoyan en la voluntad humana a través de la fe, generando división entre diferentes cultos. Considerando esta realidad, la convivencia social es todavía posible a través de la tolerancia, actitud que se puede formar en la escuela, particularmente a través de la enseñanza de las matemáticas y las ciencias

The Phosphatase CSW Controls Life Span by Insulin Signaling and Metabolism Throughout Adult Life in Drosophila

Noonan syndrome and related disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the RAS-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which affect development by enhanced ERK1/2 activity. However, the mutations’ effects throughout adult life are unclear. In this study, we identify that the protein most commonly affected in Noonan syndrome, the phosphatase SHP2, known in Drosophila as corkscrew (CSW), controls life span, triglyceride levels, and metabolism without affecting ERK signaling pathway. We found that CSW loss-of-function mutations extended life span by interacting with components of the insulin signaling pathway and impairing AKT activity in adult flies. By expressing csw-RNAi in different organs, we determined that CSW extended life span by acting in organs that regulate energy availability, including gut, fat body and neurons. In contrast to that in control animals, loss of CSW leads to reduced homeostasis in metabolic rate during activity. Clinically relevant gain-of-function csw allele reduced life span, when expressed in fat body, but not in other tissues. However, overexpression of a wild-type allele did not affect life span, showing a specific effect of the gain-of-function allele independently of a gene dosage effect. We concluded that CSW normally regulates life span and that mutations in SHP2 are expected to have critical effects throughout life by insulin-dependent mechanisms in addition to the well-known RAS-ERK1/2-dependent developmental alterations.Fil: Ruzzi, Leonardo Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Schilman, Pablo Ernesto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: San Martín, Alvaro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Lew, Sergio Eduardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica; ArgentinaFil: Gelb, Bruce D.. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Estados UnidosFil: Pagani, Mario Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin

Biblioteca Recuperada: La Batalla por la memoria. Valparaíso, 1973

Recovered Library: The Battle for Memory. Valparaíso, 197

Biblioteca Recuperada: La Batalla por la memoria. Valparaíso, 1973

Recovered Library: The Battle for Memory. Valparaíso, 197

Visor de escenarios de cambio climático de adapteCCa: consulta interactiva y acceso a escenarios-PNACC 2017

Ponencia presentada en: XI Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Cartagena entre el 17 y el 19 de octubre de 2018.[ES]Las proyecciones regionales de cambio climático son una información básica para realizar estudios de impacto y adaptación en distintos sectores socio-económicos. La recopilación y producción de estas proyecciones a nivel nacional es una tarea básica del Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático (PNACC), a través de Escenarios-PNACC. La primera versión (2012) se basó en la información del IPCCAR4 y en dos acciones estratégicas nacionales (ESCENA y ESTCENA). Recientemente, se ha llevado a cabo una actualización de estos escenarios regionales a partir de IPCC-AR5 y de los proyectos CORDEX y VALUE (con la participación de AEMET y CSIC-UC), que proporciona series diarias en rejilla y puntuales de distintas variables e índices para múltiples escenarios y modelos. En este trabajo se presenta la actualización Escenarios-PNACC 2017, así como el visor de escenarios de cambio climático desarrollado en el marco de la plataforma AdapteCCa para facilitar a los usuarios el análisis interactivo y el acceso a esta información (http://escenarios.adaptecca.es).[EN]Regional projections of climate change are key information to carry out impact and adaptation studies in different socio-economic sectors. The compilation and production of these projections at the national level is a basic task of the National Plan of Adaptation to Climate Change (PNACC), through Escenarios-PNACC. The first version (2012) was based on IPCC-AR3 information and two national strategic actions (ESCENA and ESTCENA). Recently, an update of these regional scenarios has been carried out from IPCC-AR5 and from the CORDEX and VALUE projects (with the participation of AEMET and CSIC-UC), providing daily gridded and point series of different variables and indices for multiple scenarios and models. This paper describes the update Escenarios-PNACC 2017, as well as the "viewer of climate change scenarios" developed within the framework of the AdapteCCa platform to provide users with interactive analysis and access to this information (http://escenarios.adaptecca.es)

New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells

[EN] Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are plasma cell disorders with a risk of progression of approximately 1% and 10% per year, respectively. We have previously shown that the proportion of bone marrow (BM) aberrant plasma cells (aPCs) within the BMPC compartment (aPC/BMPC) as assessed by flow cytometry (FC) contributes to differential diagnosis between MGUS and multiple myloma (MM). The goal of the present study was to investigate this parameter as a marker for risk of progression in MGUS (n = 407) and SMM (n = 93). Patients with a marked predominance of aPCs/BMPC (> or = 95%) at diagnosis displayed a significantly higher risk of progression both in MGUS and SMM (P or = 95%) as the most important independent variable, together with DNA aneuploidy and immunoparesis, for MGUS and SMM, respectively. Using these independent variables, we have identified 3 risk categories in MGUS (PFS at 5 years of 2%, 10%, and 46%, respectively; P< .001) and SMM patients (PFS at 5 years of 4%, 46%, and 72%, respectively; P < .001). Our results show that multiparameter FC evaluation of BMPC at diagnosis is a valuable tool that could help to individualize the follow-up strategy for MGUS and SMM patients

Immune biomarkers to predict SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in patients with hematological malignancies

There is evidence of reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in patients with hematological malignancies. We hypothesized that tumor and treatment-related immunosuppression can be depicted in peripheral blood, and that immune profiling prior to vaccination can help predict immunogenicity. We performed a comprehensive immunological characterization of 83 hematological patients before vaccination and measured IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody response to four viral antigens at day +7 after second-dose COVID-19 vaccination using multidimensional and computational flow cytometry. Health care practitioners of similar age were the control group (n = 102). Forty-four out of 59 immune cell types were significantly altered in patients; those with monoclonal gammopathies showed greater immunosuppression than patients with B-cell disorders and Hodgkin lymphoma. Immune dysregulation emerged before treatment, peaked while on-therapy, and did not return to normalcy after stopping treatment. We identified an immunotype that was significantly associated with poor antibody response and uncovered that the frequency of neutrophils, classical monocytes, CD4, and CD8 effector memory CD127low T cells, as well as naive CD21+ and IgM+D+ memory B cells, were independently associated with immunogenicity. Thus, we provide novel immune biomarkers to predict COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in hematological patients, which are complementary to treatment-related factors and may help tailoring possible vaccine boosters

Lenalidomide and dexamethasone with or without clarithromycin in patients with multiple myeloma ineligible for autologous transplant: a randomized trial

Although case-control analyses have suggested an additive value with the association of clarithromycin to continuous lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd), there are not phase III trials confirming these results. In this phase III trial, 286 patients with MM ineligible for ASCT received Rd with or without clarithromycin until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). With a median follow-up of 19 months (range, 0-54), no significant differences in the median PFS were observed between the two arms (C-Rd 23 months, Rd 29 months; HR 0.783, p = 0.14), despite a higher rate of complete response (CR) or better in the C-Rd group (22.6% vs 14.4%, p = 0.048). The most common G3-4 adverse events were neutropenia [12% vs 19%] and infections [30% vs 25%], similar between the two arms; however, the percentage of toxic deaths was higher in the C-Rd group (36/50 [72%] vs 22/40 [55%], p = 0.09). The addition of clarithromycin to Rd in untreated transplant ineligible MM patients does not improve PFS despite increasing the ?CR rate due to the higher number of toxic deaths in the C-Rd arm. Side effects related to overexposure to steroids due to its delayed clearance induced by clarithromycin in this elderly population could explain these results. The trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with the name GEM-CLARIDEX: Ld vs BiRd and with the following identifier NCT02575144. The full trial protocol can be accessed from ClinicalTrials.gov. This study received financial support from BMS/Celgene