System development for evaluation of electronic contract manufacturers as a born global SME

The methodology of choosing production strategy has long been a well discussed topic in research companies generally have many different alternatives to choose from. However, lately, due to the increased volatility, there has been a big shift towards using electronics contract manufacturers (ECM) for electronics manufacturing. There are many methodologies developed for evaluation and choosing ECM. Nevertheless, none have taken the special characteristics of a born global (BG) small medium enterprise (SME) into account. Their special characteristics significantly differentiate them from larger corporations and approaches that respond to their needs are required. This thesis therefore focusses on developing a methodology and tool for evaluating and choosing an ECM as a BG SME.This thesis mainly considers two parts of the problem. Firstly, the applicable factors affecting the choice of ECM for a BG SME is uncovered through a state of the art literature analysis and an empirical interview study. Secondly, five commonly evaluation methodologies are evaluated from the BG SME perspective to conclude upon the most suitable methodology. The set of factors and chosen methodology is combined into a comprehensive tool for ECM evaluation and selection as a BG SME. The developed tool consists of thirteen factors and builds upon the fuzzy set evaluation theory. The tool is successfully verified through a case study

Analys av gynnsamma affärsammansättningar för bildäck

Abstract The average price of commodities has over the past years increased significantly and already erased the real price fall seen during the 20th century. Humanity is today consuming resources corresponding to 1,5 earths which puts pressure on manufacturers to develop more sustainable and resource conservative business models. The current market for car tires isstanding before a potential change in the tires conceptual design, which opens up for manufacturers to take advantage of the situation to develop a more sustainable proposition to customers. Research up until today has mainly focused on the supply chain without including the necessary business model. Lately the holistic concept Resource Conservative Manufacturing (ResCoM) has been developed to take the full grasp of the problem. This thesis therefore focuses on finding a range of favourable business model compositions for cartires from the perspective ResCoM. Initially, this thesis investigates the ResCoM model and its requirements on a business model. Furthermore the market for car tires and the product itself is investigated thoroughly to find elements that affect the business model composition. Afterwards a tool for evaluation of thejoint effect of the products as well as the markets individual effects on the business model composition is developed in the form of a key figure. The key figure is used as an indicatorfor favourable business model compositions to meet the products, the markets and theResCoM models requirements. Finally the key figure is analysed and a top and bottom border for the range of favourable business model compositions is defined. The result illustrates that the bottom border for favourable business model composition for car tires is located at rental, whereas the top boarder stretches to, but does not include, functional sales. The developed tool has someconstraints when used and therefore the conclusion is that the purpose of the thesis has beenfulfilled to a limited extent.Sammanfattning Det genomsnittliga priset på råvaror har under det senaste århundradet ökat signifikant och raderat ut den reella prissänkning som skedde under 1900-talet. Idag använder mänskligheten resurser som motsvarar 1,5 jordklot vilket sätter krav på tillverkare att utveckla mer hållbara och resurssnåla affärsmodeller. Marknaden för bildäck står idag inför en potentiell ändring av bildäckets konceptuella design vilket öppnar upp för tillverkare att dra nytta av denna situation och utveckla ett mer hållbart erbjudande till kunder. Forskning har fram till idag framförallt fokuserat på försörjningskedjor utan att inkludera lämpliga affärsmodeller. Det holistiska konceptet Resource Conservative Manufacturing (ResCoM) har den senaste tiden utvecklats genom att fullständigt angripa problemet och dess omfattning. Denna uppsats fokuserar således på att hitta gynnsamma affärssammansättningar för bildäck utifrån perspektivet ResCoM. Inledningsvis fokuserar uppsatsen på modellen ResCoM och dess krav på en affärsmodell. Vidare är marknaden för bildäck samt produkten i sig grundligt undersökt för att hitta element som påverkar affärs sammansättningen. Därefter utvecklas ett verktyg för evaluering av de sammanlagda effekterna av de produkt- samt marknadsrelaterade faktorerna på affärssammansättningen i form av ett nyckeltal. Nyckeltalet används som en indikator för gynnsamma affärssammansättningar i syfte att möta kraven från produkten, marknaden och även ResCoM. Slutligen analyseras nyckeltalet där en övre och undre gräns definierar ett spann av gynnsamma affärssammansättningar. Resultatet illustrerar att spannet för gynnsamma affärssammansättningar börjar vid uthyrning och sträcker sig till, men inkluderar inte, funktionsbaserad försäljning. Det utvecklade verktyget kan även konstateras ha vissa begränsningar varpå det slutligen kan fastslås att syftet med arbetet i viss utsträckning uppnåtts

The United States Naturalized Flora: Largely the Product of Deliberate Introductions

Volume: 89Start Page: 176End Page: 18

SafeSmart: a VANET system for faster responses and increased safety in time-critical scenarios

An important use case for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is its application in the warning systems of emergency vehicles (EV). VANET-based vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication can be used to exchange important data and information between traffic lights and EVs, by means of transceivers at both ends. This communication helps in reducing the risks of accidents and also saves valuable time through an optimized orchestration of the traffic lights. This paper outlines the system design of an EV warning system that makes use of V2I communication. The system has been extensively studied in state-ofthe-art simulators, such as SUMO and OMNeT++, in a huge variety of scenarios, where metrics for both time and safety have been collected. The results show that SafeSmart is highly effective in reducing trip times as well as increasing the overall safety of EVs in emergency scenario