The molecular portrait of in vitro growth by meta-analysis of gene-expression profiles

BACKGROUND: Cell lines as model systems of tumors and tissues are essential in molecular biology, although they only approximate the properties of in vivo cells in tissues. Cell lines have been selected under in vitro conditions for a long period of time, affecting many specific cellular pathways and processes. RESULTS: To identify the transcriptional changes caused by long term in vitro selection, we performed a gene-expression meta-analysis and compared 60 tumor cell lines (of nine tissue origins) to 135 human tissue and 176 tumor tissue samples. Using significance analysis of microarrays we demonstrated that cell lines showed statistically significant differential expression of approximately 30% of the approximately 7,000 genes investigated compared to the tissues. Most of the differences were associated with the higher proliferation rate and the disrupted tissue organization in vitro. Thus, genes involved in cell-cycle progression, macromolecule processing and turnover, and energy metabolism were upregulated in cell lines, whereas cell adhesion molecules and membrane signaling proteins were downregulated. CONCLUSION: Detailed molecular understanding of how cells adapt to the in vitro environment is important, as it will both increase our understanding of tissue organization and result in a refined molecular portrait of proliferation. It will further indicate when to use immortalized cell lines, or when it is necessary to instead use three-dimensional cultures, primary cell cultures or tissue biopsies

Identifying some bottlenecks of the concurrency workbench

We present results which identify some of the bottlenecks of the Concurrency Workbench (CWB). Our results concentrate on the Minimize command which computes an agent with the smallest state space that is observation equivalent with a supplied agent. Measurements show that three major bottlenecks can be identified and that the performance of the CWB depends heavily on the amount of available primary memory

Administration of Insurance Rate Regulatory Laws

microRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. In the present study, regulation of tumor-suppressor gene D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE) by miRNA-218 was investigated. Significant downregulation of miRNA-218 expression was shown in primary breast tumors. Exogenous miRNA-218/anti-miRNA-218 did not affect GLCE mRNA but regulated GLCE protein level in MCF7 breast carcinoma cells in vitro. Comparative analysis showed a positive correlation between miRNA-218 and GLCE mRNA, and negative correlation between miRNA-218 and GLCE protein levels in breast tissues and primary tumors in vivo, supporting a direct involvement of miRNA-218 in posttranscriptional regulation of GLCE in human breast tissue. A common scheme for the regulation of GLCE expression in normal and tumor breast tissues is suggested.Funding Agencies|Russian Foundation for Basic Research|11-04-90400-Ukr_f_a|Ukranian State Foundation of Fundamental Research|F40/146-2011F46/457-2011|Swedish Institute|2011/00888|UICC International Cancer Technology Transfer Fellowship|ICRETT-09-069|FEBS Short-term Fellowship||Karolinska Institute||Swedish Cancer Society||Swedish Research Council||</p

CCS as a method of specification and verification: analysis of a case study

We present a method of specification and verification based on CCS and observation equivalence. The method is applied to an ISDN layer 3 access protocol and an automatic tool is used to verify the correctness of the specification. Finally, we evaluate the method and tools used in the case study

Att skriva om den Andra: en studie av representation, identitet, tillhörighet och gemenskap i texter om Yahya Hassan och Hassan Preisler

The aim of this thesis is to study how identity and representation operates in understandings of the Other in the reception of texts marked as being about, and written by the Other. Further my aim is to study how otherness, kinship, belonging and identity operate in these processes. My main research question is; How does Identity, kinship and belonging operates in the reception of texts, written from the position of the Other? The objects for research are Danish texts written about two Danish writers; Yahya Hassan and Hassan Preisler. These texts are published in Danish media in the forms of reviews and portraits of the authors. Both authors have been received as writing from the position of the Other and have debuted with the current books in the year of 2013. Broadly, this study employs an understanding of discourse trough concepts, such as paratexts and genre. As analytical framework, I have used theories with understandings of social relations as constructions trough language such as postcolonial theories, cultural theories and critical race theory. Some of my main conclusions are that there is a power over definition in how and what the Other are to represent in a contemporary Danish context, and how this is tightly connected with processes of exclusion and inclusion. My study also shows, how “otherness” operates in these processes as a form of capital, assigned the object of “otherness” as well as the position defining this object as being the Other. These conclusions are closely tied to how the Other is created, met and perceived by the position of power, and so have implications that transcends the objects of study and points towards more general power relations, and it’s consequences, in contemporary westerns society today

I bassäng med nationen - när simmande kroppar blir gemenskap

Swimming with the nation – when swimming bodies become communityIn this article, national belonging is discussed and demonstrated as a political and historical situated project through an examination of contemporary debates concerning the possibility of gender-segregated opening-hours in Danish bath-houses. Drawing on postcolonial feminist understandings, the article shows how these debates relate to otherness, diversity and national identity. Further, the debates can be seen as part of political and national interests and power-relations, where a (hi)story of progress and development is being used to establish certain hierarchies and feelings of superiority, especially in relation to gender, race, and sexuality. The article finds these interests manifested in, and though, perceptions and constructions of agency and certain bodies, limited space for agency and being

Könets nationella tillhörighet

The purpose of this study is to identify how gender and national belonging are intertwined, and how they effect concepts such as citizenship and integration. The study aims to identify a cultural understanding of gender in Danish political documents regarding equality and integration. In pursuit of this aim I have used a discourse analysis to identify whether the documents create different possibilities for different representations, in the sense of being part of a Danish national belonging. My analysis focuses on identifying how the documents operate with inclusion and exclusion, by performing a certain understanding of how to organise gendered relations. My theoretical framework gives me an understanding of the documents as social performing practices that does something with the reality it operates within, generating material consequences to the sense of belonging and social kinship. The study, as in earlier studies in the field, shows that women have key positions in integrations processes. It also identifies a presumption of different views on gender and gender relations, as obstacles to being part of the Danish work market. Furthermore, the study shows how participation within the Danish work market is a key factor for the possibility of being part of the national belonging

The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia: five-year follow-up findings

A five-year follow-up of the patients initially included in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia was conducted in eight of the nine centres. Adequate information was obtained for 807 patients, representing 76% of the initial cohort. Clinical and social outcomes were significantly better for patients in Agra and Ibadan than for those in the centres in developed countries. In Cali, only social outcome was significantly bette