Challenging people's political views and values makes them think even harder and produce better arguments to defend themselves

To many, American politics and society seem more polarized than they have ever been. Why, then do people cling so tightly to their values, identities and attitudes? In new research, Cengiz Erisen, David P. Redlawsk, and Elif Erisen looked at the effects of presenting people with information that conflicted or refuted their own ideologies. They found that far from convincing ..

Heat transfer and performance enhancement investigation of novel plate heat exchanger

In this paper, the enhancement of heat transfer and performance have been investigated numerically for a novel plate heat exchanger. The effect of changing the shape of the hyperbolic tangent function and the dimensions of the plate profile on the flow properties have been studied numerically by ANSYS Fluent 16.0. The results show that the transverse disturbances of fluid movement increase the heat transfer, as the heat transfer is enhanced by increasing the concavity of the hyperbolic tangent function. Moreover, as the corrugation depth of the plate increases, the heat transfer increases. As a result, it was found that the effect of the longitudinal turbulence in the direction of flow on the heat transfer is greater than the effect of the transverse turbulence. By comparing the results with those of the novel plate heat exchanger, it was shown that the heat transfer and performance have been enhanced on average by 13% and 8%, respectively when using the hyperbolic tangent function "y = tanh (x)", while they have been enhanced on average by 52% and 36% respectively at the corrugation depth of 2.5 mm. Further, when comparing the enhanced performance of the novel plate heat exchanger with those of other plate geometries, the enhanced performance showed an improvement of up to 37% over its nearest competitor

SPRINGER

In this paper, a review of some numerical researches and studies of plate heat exchangers PHEs was carried out according to the methods of computational fluid dynamics CFD. The review includes the most prominent operations of preparing the numerical study such as the calculation domain, methods of forming the computational grid and how to test its independence, the applied boundary conditions, turbulence models used in modelling the flow, the methods used for the solution, and how to validate of the results of the numerical study. New methods that contribute to improving mesh quality have also been reviewed. Recommendations were also made on conducting numerical studies of PHEs

Citotoksični i mutageni potencijal juglona u slobodnom i nanoinkapsuliranom obliku

Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nanoencapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.Usprkos dokazanim herbicidnim, protubakterijskim, protuvirusnim, protugljivičnim i antioksidacijskim učincima, primjena juglona (5-hidroksi-1,4-naftokinon) ograničena je zbog njegove slabe topljivosti u vodi te alelopatskoga i toksičnoga djelovanja. Cilj je novijih istraživanja bio ukloniti te prepreke povećanjem njegove topljivosti i boljom regulacijom njegova otpuštanja s pomoću sustava nanočestica. Ovo je, međutim, prvo istraživanje u kojem je sintetiziran i karakteriziran juglon u omotaču polimernih nanočestica te uspoređen sa slobodnim juglonom u smislu citotoksičnosti u mišjih fibroblasta (L929) i biljnih alfalfa stanica te mutagenosti u bakterije Salmonella typhimurium TA98 i TA100. Mišje i biljne stanice izložene slobodno u nanoinkapsuliranome juglonu iskazale su smanjenu vijabilnost, koja je ovisila o dozi i vremenu izloženosti, ali je to djelovanje bilo značajno slabije s juglonom u nanočesticama pri nižim dozama. Za razliku od slobodnoga juglona, nanočestice s juglonom nisu djelovale mutageno na S. typhimurium soj TA98 s metaboličkim aktivacijskim enzimom S9. Budući da svi rezultati pokazuju kako je inkapsuliranje juglona u polimerne nanočestice smanjilo njegov toksični i mutageni učinak, ovaj oblik ima obećavajući potencijal za primjenu u medicini, poljoprivredi i u području sigurnosti hrane

Emotional reactions to immigration and support for EU cooperation on immigration and terrorism

What explains variation in European citizens’ support for common EU immigration and counter-terrorism policies? We advance extant literature that focuses on the utility versus identity debate by focusing on individuals’ emotional reactions. Drawing on theories of affect, we show that citizens’ emotions about immigration are integral to their preferences for EU cooperation on the dual questions of immigration and terrorism. We hypothesise that while anger about immigration is associated with opposition to cooperation on both policies, fear about immigration is associated with support for a common EU counter-terrorism strategy. Using a large-N cross-sectional survey conducted in Germany and the Netherlands, our analyses confirm our hypotheses. Our findings have implications for the progress of European integration and the scope of public approval of EU common policies

Callus induction and plant regeneration of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae in Turkey

A callus induction and plant regeneration protocol was developed from leaf and petiole explants of the endemic Astragalus nezaketae . Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) [a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin (Kin), thidiazuron (TDZ)]. The combinations and concentrations of PGRs were shown significant variations for the frequency of callus formation, appearence of callus and the potential of callus differentiation. NAA x BA have been found highly affective in callusing and plant regeneration. Other PGRs have not resulted in callus differentiation for shoot formation. The highest number of shoots (6/explants) was obtained from leaf explants cultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BA. The regenerated shoots transferred to rooting medium (MS with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid) were successfully rooted (100%) and showed rapid elongation. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat and perlite

Scoping review of the literature on shoulder impairments and disability after neck dissection

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102688/1/hed23243.pd

Prognostic value of p27(Kip1 )expression in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the larynx

BACKGROUND: Very few reports have investigated the role of cell cycle regulators as biomarkers in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) of the larynx, a definite morphologic, uncommon, very aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Lower expression of Ki67/Mib-1, a proliferation marker highly expressed in the majority of tumours, and p53, a tumour suppressor protein that can induce an arrest of the G1-S transition, was related to a better prognosis in laryngeal BSCC. In the head and neck, p27(kip1), a member of the Cip1/Kip1 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, has emerged as an independent prognostic factor, able to identify low-expressing tumours with unfavourable course. Up to date the role of this protein was never studied in BSCC. Aim of our study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of p27(kip1 )levels and their correlation with Ki67/Mib-1 and p53 expression in BSCC of the larynx. METHODS: The retrospective study group consisted of 15 male and 1 female patients, affected by laryngeal BSCC, ranging in age from 44 to 69 years (mean 58). The tumour originated from the supraglottis in thirtheen cases and from the glottis in the remaining three. Ten patients had metastatic cervical lymph nodes at presentation and were classified as N+. Post surgical stage was IV in four patients, III in nine, II in two cases and I in the remaining one. Follow-up ranged from a minimum of 5 months up to 9 years. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of each laryngeal tumour were analyzed for p27(kip), Ki67/Mib-1 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical study showed p27(kip1 )expression in 40% of the patients with no evidence of disease (NED) and in none (0%) of the patients dead of disease (DOD), whilst p53 was expressed in 60% of patients in NED status and in 90% of patients in DOD status. Ki67/Mib-1 was positive in 80% of NED patients and in 100% of DOD patients. At multivariate analysis, performed by means of Discriminant analysis, low levels of p27(kip1 )expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: p27(kip1 )protein has been shown to be a significant independent prognostic factor in laryngeal SCC. In our series of laryngeal BSCC the resulting data seem to confirm the clinical prognostic relevance of p27(kip1 )low expression, which directly correlated with biological aggressiveness and consequent shortened survival