Loneliness in COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults Impacted by Developmental Disabilities

Developmental disabilities (DD) are lifelong conditions causing impairment in behavioral, language, physical, and cognitive functioning (Zablotsky et al., 2019). Individuals with DDs were at greater risk for health issues and experiencing loneliness pre-pandemic (Alexandria et al., 2021; Desroches et al., 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic may have further exacerbated loneliness but has yet to be explored in DDs. We plan to examine loneliness in adults impacted by DDs (adults and parents) in context of pandemic stress. Correlations and regression analyses will examine relationships between loneliness and pandemic stress, coping styles, anxiety, and depression

Testing perceived moral transgressions as mediating links of PTSD symptoms to distress

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms cause distress for 5-20% of individuals worldwide. Cognitive models of PTSD emphasize negative social cognitions about the world, and recent research suggests a relatively unexplored moral dimension. In this study, we test whether perceived moral transgressions mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and distress, using both correlational and experimental data., Participants recruited via MTurk (N = 400) completed measures of PTSD symptoms and perceived transgressions of others in the past week, read randomly assigned news vignettes, with and without transgressions, and endorsed current distress levels. We will present study design and preliminary regressions results

Interpersonal sensitivities prospectively predict aversive reactions to social stressors in daily life

Research suggests that individuals have unique social “irritants,” behaviors that they find particularly unpleasant in others. Individualized irritants, or interpersonal (IP) sensitives, are associated with aversive reactions. These IP sensitives map onto the IP circumplex. This study investigated whether baseline IP sensitivities could predict anger and disgust during IP stressors over five weeks. Participants were 165 people (76% women, 42% ethnic minority). Results indicated that IP sensitives prospectively predicted anger and disgust. Further, IP sensitivities prospectively moderated effect of social stressors on affect. These findings were consistent with previous cross-sectional research

Gratitude for Better or Worse: Differential Predictors and Affective Outcomes of State Gratitude in Positive and Negative Contexts

Whereas past studies primarily examined state-level gratitude measured across long periods of time and in the context of positive events, this study assessed situational predictors of state gratitude and its affective outcomes in the context of specific positive and negative naturalistic events. Across seven weeks, 147 undergraduates recorded best and worst weekly events, depressive symptoms, as well as gratitude and positive affect (PA) anchored to those events. Independent raters coded events as dependent or independent of participants’ agency and interpersonal or noninterpersonal. Multilevel models showed there was a significant interaction between agency and interpersonal status for positive events, and simple effects tests indicated participants reported higher levels of gratitude for independent-interpersonal events compared to other potential event types. Unexpectedly, participants also reported higher gratitude for dependent events if they were interpersonal in nature. Negative event-anchored state gratitude was also higher for interpersonal events as indicated by a significant main effect. Lastly, within-person variability in event-anchored state gratitude was associated with higher state PA following both best and worst events, but only state gratitude anchored to best events was related to lower weekly depressive symptoms. Overall, results demonstrated that naturally occurring state gratitude for specific events was differentially impacted by situational factors, and that within-person variability in gratitude following both positive and negative events is related to positive affective outcomes

A Pilot Study Of Group Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy (Mbct) For Combat Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98769/1/da22104.pd

Dimorfismo sexual en el comportamiento altruista de jóvenes colombianos: correlatos electrofisiológicos y endocrinos

La especie humana se caracteriza por un alto nivel de complejidad en sus interacciones y estructuras sociales. Para Dunbar (1998), esta fue la principal razón que podría explicar el crecimiento relativo del cerebro, principalmente el lóbulo frontal, en nuestra especie y otros primates no humanos afines filogenéticamente. Las explicaciones de este autor parten de que un entorno social complejo generaría una mayor exigencia cognitiva para los individuos, dado que, para lograr eficacia en sus interacciones, deben aumentar su capacidad para recordar y manipular información social, reconocer las jerarquías y roles, reconocer estados emocionales y anticipar intenciones de otros individuos, así como realizar comportamientos estratégicos como el engaño táctico y el establecimiento de alianzas.1a edició

Trait moral elevation: Role in predicting mental health and social outcomes

Moral elevation, the positive emotional state associated with observing virtuous acts (Haidt, 2003), is theorized to provide an emotional “reset” and motivate prosocial action. We hypothesized that trait moral elevation (TE) would predict improved mental health and social outcomes. Using a college student sample (N = 112), we found that TE predicted prosocial virtues and daily stress coping, but also higher daily depressive/anxiety symptoms. Results suggested that people high in trait ME may have a lower threshold to experience not only positive emotions but also negative feelings. Exploratory analysis also showed potential nonlinear effects of TE on mental health outcomes

Expanding interpersonal complementarity to include moral aspects of social behavior

The interpersonal circumplex (IPC) characterizes a range of interpersonal behaviors and interaction patterns (i.e. interpersonal complementarity) along the dimensions of dominance and affiliation. However, the IPC does not include a moral dimension of behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine how moral appraisal varies across the IPC and to incorporate a moral dimension into the study of interpersonal complementarity. Our results suggested that perception of another\u27s morality strengthened patterns of interpersonal complementarity on the dominance dimension (b = -.17, SE = .09, p = .048). Our findings support the role perceived behavioral morality plays in shaping interpersonal behavior

Moral Aspects of Social Behavior Function Independently of Interpersonal Complementarity

The purpose of this study is to examine how moral appraisal varies systematically across the affiliation and dominance dimensions of the interpersonal circumplex and to incorporate a moral dimension into the study of behavioral complementarity