Genetic diversity and population structure of Turkish native cattle breeds

Cattle are an important livestock species for human life, but certain breeds are at risk of extinction. Maintaining genetic diversity plays an important role in sustainable breeding and conservation programmes in farm animals. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity among five Turkish native cattle breeds. A total of 199 Turkish native cattle of the Native Southern Yellow (n = 40), South Anatolian Red (n = 40), Anatolian Grey Cattle (n = 40), Native Black Cattle (n = 39) and East Anatolian Red (n = 40) breeds were investigated using 22 autosomal microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed considerable genetic variation among these breeds. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 545 alleles were found. Among these loci, only INRA032 was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Thirty-four private alleles with frequencies greater than 5% were found. Expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content indexes were 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Native Southern Yellow, South Anatolian Red and Native Black Cattle breeds were closely related.Keywords: animal genetic resources, microsatellite, genetic relationship, genetic conservatio

Massless scalar fields and topological black holes

The exact static solutions in the higher dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Klein- Gordon theory are investigated. With the help of the methods developed for the effective dilaton type gauge gravity models in two dimensions, we find new spherically and hyperbolically symmetric solutions which generalize the four dimensional configurations of Dereli-Eris. We show that, like in four dimensions, the non-trivial scalar field yields, in general, a naked singularity. The new solutions are compared with the higher dimensional Brans-Dicke black hole type solutions.Comment: 15 pages, LATEX, no figures. (To appear in Phys. Rev. D

Manual versus rigid intraoperative maxillo-mandibular fixation in the surgical management of mandibular fractures:A European prospective analysis

Purpose: Intraoperative stabilisation of bony fragments with maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) is an essential step in the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures that are treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The MMF can be performed with or without wire-based methods, rigid or manual MMF, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare the use of manual versus rigid MMF, in terms of occlusal outcomes and infective complications. Materials and methods: This multi-centric prospective study involved 12 European maxillofacial centres and included adult patients (age ≥16 years) with mandibular fractures treated with ORIF. The following data were collected: age, gender, pre-trauma dental status (dentate or partially dentate), cause of injury, fracture site, associated facial fractures, surgical approach, modality of intraoperative MMF (manual or rigid), outcome (minor/major malocclusions and infective complications) and revision surgeries. The main outcome was malocclusion at 6 weeks after surgery. Results: Between May 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022, 319 patients-257 males and 62 females (median age, 28 years)-with mandibular fractures (185 single, 116 double and 18 triple fractures) were hospitalised and treated with ORIF. Intraoperative MMF was performed manually on 112 (35%) patients and with rigid MMF on 207 (65%) patients. The study variables did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for age. Minor occlusion disturbances were observed in 4 (3.6%) patients in the manual MMF group and in 10 (4.8%) patients in the rigid MMF group (p &gt; .05). In the rigid MMF group, only one case of major malocclusion required a revision surgery. Infective complications involved 3.6% and 5.8% of patients in the manual and rigid MMF group, respectively (p &gt; .05). Conclusion: Intraoperative MMF was performed manually in nearly one third of the patients, with wide variability among the centres and no difference observed in terms of number, site and displacement of fractures. No significant difference was found in terms of postoperative malocclusion among patients treated with manual or rigid MMF. This suggests that both techniques were equally effective in providing intraoperative MMF.</p

Dressing with Control: using integrability to generate desired solutions to Einstein's equations

21 pages, no figures21 pages, no figures21 pages, no figures21 pages, no figuresMotivated by integrability of the sine-Gordon equation, we investigate a technique for constructing desired solutions to Einstein's equations by combining a dressing technique with a control-theory approach. After reviewing classical integrability, we recall two well-known Killing field reductions of Einstein's equations, unify them using a harmonic map formulation, and state two results on the integrability of the equations and solvability of the dressing system. The resulting algorithm is then combined with an asymptotic analysis to produce constraints on the degrees of freedom arising in the solution-generation mechanism. The approach is carried out explicitly for the Einstein vacuum equations. Applications of the technique to other geometric field theories are also discussed

V444 Cygni X-ray and polarimetric variability: radiative and coriolis forces shape the wind collision region

We present results from a study of the eclipsing, colliding-wind binary V444 Cyg that uses a combination of X-ray and optical spectropolarimetric methods to describe the 3D nature of the shock and wind structure within the system. We have created the most complete X-ray light curve of V444 Cyg to date using 40 ks of new data from Swift, and 200 ks of new and archived XMM-Newton observations. In addition, we have characterized the intrinsic, polarimetric phase-dependent behavior of the strongest optical emission lines using data obtained with the University of Wisconsin's Half-Wave Spectropolarimeter. We have detected evidence of the Coriolis distortion of the wind-wind collision in the X-ray regime, which manifests itself through asymmetric behavior around the eclipses in the system's X-ray light curves. The large opening angle of the X-ray emitting region, as well as its location (i.e. the WN wind does not collide with the O star, but rather its wind) are evidence of radiative braking/inhibition occurring within the system. Additionally, the polarimetric results show evidence of the cavity the wind-wind collision region carves out of the Wolf-Rayet star's wind

Concluding remarks

The relation between church and state, and between the appropriate boundaries of the religious and the political has posed a challenge for scholars and statesmen alike for centuries. Much of the work done on this issue posits a fundamental opposition of modernity and religion and predicts that the practice of the latter inexorably declines as the former progresses (Wilson 1998: 48-49). Calling this “the secularisation theory”, Berger (1999) argues that “modernisation necessarily leads to a decline of religion, both in society and in the minds of individuals; as societies modernize, increasing commitments to scientific rationality and individual autonomy lessen the influence of ‘the sacred’ and of religiously oriented institutions, leading to an inevitable process of secularisation” (Berger 1999: 201-202). © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Revisiting secularism in theory and practice: Genealogy and cases

This book offers a philosophical and macro-historical analysis of secularism, supported by an investigation of various contemporary cases. Starting with an in-depth theoretical discussion of the meaning of secularism, it subsequently presents a historical study on the secularization of norms and identities in Europe. The respective case studies cover topics such as the epistemologies of secularism, liberalization and embedded secularism, the relationship between modernity and secularism, the socio-anthropology of secularism, Turkish modernization as a cultural revolution, the political economy of secularism in Turkey, and the secular rationale of the EU neighborhood policy. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020