Megjegyzések az úgynevezett Nagy Károly-szablyáról

The origin of the ornamental sabre at 'Schatzkammer' in Vienna is disputed. In opposition to Z. Tóth's hypotesis and supporting some Russian researcher's opinion in some degree the reader considers an eastern origin (from the Khazar Khaganat) as acceptable and he presumes different way of coming to Hungary. He considers possible that the sabre may have been in a grave. The reader vill share his latest observations regarding bending and restraigtening of the blade and his earlier critical remarks on Z. Tóth' book (Attila's Schwert, 1930)

Striking elevation in the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of Western Hungary between 1977-2001

AIM: An investigation into inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001. METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively. The majority of patients were followed up regularly. RESULTS: The population of the province was decreased from 386,000 to 376,000 during the period. Five hundred sixty new cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 212 of Crohn's disease (CD), and 40 of indeterminate colitis (IC) were diagnosed. The incidence rates increased from 1.66 to 11.01 cases per 100,000 persons for UC, from 0.41 to 4.68 for CD and from 0.26 to 0.74 for IC. The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for UC and 52.9 cases per 100,000 persons for CD. The peak onset age in UC patients was between 30 and 40 years, in CD between 20 and 30 years. A family history of IBD was present in 3.4 % in UC and 9.9 % in CD patients. Smoking increased the risk for CD (OR=1.98) while it decreased the risk for UC (OR=0.25). Twelve colorectal carcinomas were observed in this cohort, the cumulative colorectal cancer risk after 10 years in UC was 2%, after 20 years 8.8%, after 30 years 13.3%. CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD have increased steadily in Veszprem Province, now equivalent to that in Western European countries. Rapid increase in incidence rates supports a probable role for environmental factors. The rate of colorectal cancers in IBD is similar to that observed in Western countries

Szoláris és asztrofizikai magnetohidrodinamika = Solar and astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics

A pályázat az ELTE Csillagászati Tanszékén muködo szoláris magnetohidrodinamikai kutatócsoport működésének fo finanszírozási forrása. Itt két fontos eredményünket emeljük ki a 2007--2011 évekből. A naplégkör felső rétegeibe irányuló mechanikai energiatranszport és fűtés kérdése a mai napig nem tisztázott. Fontos empirikus megkötést sikerült adnunk ehhez a problémához azáltal, hogy keskenysávú, nagy felbontású H-alfa felvételek alapján oszcillációkat mutattunk ki a Nap fotoszférájában mágneses elemek egy csoportjában. Gondos elemzéssel kimutattuk, hogy az oszcillációk csak torziós Alfvén-hullámokként értelmezhetőek, melyek szögamplitúdója 22 fok. Ez az ilyen típusú hullámok jelenlétének eddigi legmeggyőzőbb bizonyítéka a Nap légkörében. Energiafluxusuk elegendő lehet a napkorona fűtéséhez is. A Nap-dinamó lehetséges működési mechanizmusai közül az egyik legnépszerűbb az ún. határfelületi dinamó. Ennek legegyszerűbb, s így a fontosabb effektusok kölcsönhatásába leginkább betekintést engedő leírása a Parker-féle analitikus határfelületi dinamómodell. Ennek további általánosításaként levezettük és grafikusan megoldottuk a felületi hullám viselkedését leíró diszperziós relációkat arra az esetre, ha a tachoklína véges vastagságú (szemben az eredeti modellel, ahol két félvégtelen réteg szerepel). Azt találtuk, hogy a véges rétegmélység hatása igen összetett, és a véges mélységű vízrétegen terjedő felületi hullámok analógiája nem alkalmazható. | The project has been the principal source of funding for the solar and astrophysical research group at the Department of Astronomy of Eötvös University. In this summary we just mention two key results of our research. The flow of energy through the solar atmosphere and the heating of the Sun's outer regions are still not understood. We could impose an important empirical constraint on this problem by detecting oscillatory phenomena associated with a large bright-point group. With careful analysis we have demontrated that these oscillations are the signature of Alfvén waves produced by a torsional twist of ±22 degrees. This is the most convincing evidence to date for the presence of such waves in the solar atmosphere. The energy flux associated with this wave mode is sufficient to heat the solar corona. One of the most widely duscussed scenarios for the solar dynamo is the so-called interface dynamo. We generalized Parker's analytic Cartesian interface dynamo to the case of a shear layer of finite thickness and low resistivity (""tachocline""), bounded by a perfect conductor (""radiative zone"") on the one side, and by a highly diffusive medium (""convective zone"") supporting an alpha-effect on the other side. We have found that the ffect of finite layer depth is quite complex and the analogy with surface waves on shallow water is not applicable

Szoláris és asztrofizikai magnetohidrodinamika = Solar and astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics

A pályázat az ELTE Csillagászati Tanszékén működő szoláris magneto-hidrodinamikai kutatócsoport működésének fő finanszírozási forrása. Itt két fontos eredményünket emeljük ki a 2003-2006 évekből. A világon elsőként kifejlesztett gyors tachoklínamodellünket (ld. a T032462 OTKA pályázat zárójelentését) továbbfejlesztettük és realisztikusabbá tettük. A tachoklína a napbelső egy fontos rétege, mely mai elképzelésünk szerint a dinamó székhelye. Modellünkben a tachoklína eléggé turbulens ahhoz, hogy a Nap oszcilláló mágneses tere azt egészében áthassa, s így meghatározza annak dinamikáját. Új mechanizmust javasoltunk a Nap kromoszférájában látható szpikulák eredetére. A mechanizmus lényege. hogy a mágneses hálózat vékony erővonalcsövei felfelé terelik az ötperces oszcillációkat. | The project has been the principal source of funding for the solar and astrophysical research group at the Department of Astronomy of Eötvös University. In this summary we just mention two key results of our research. We have further developed our model for the so-called fast solar tachocline. The tachocline is an important layer in the solar interior, thought to be the seat of the dynamo. In our model, this layer is assumed to be turbulent enough to allow penetration of the overlying oscillatory magnetic field into much of the tachocline, controlling its dynamics. A new mechanism was proposed for the origin of spicules in the solar chromomosphere. The mechanism is based on upward channeling of photospheric 5-minute oscillations by the tilted magnetic network tubes

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Precipitation across the Iberian Peninsula

The isotopic composition of precipitation provides insight into the origin of water vapor, and the conditions attained during condensation and precipitation. Thus, the spatial variation of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition (δp) and d-excess of precipitation was explored across the Iberian Peninsula for October 2002–September 2003 with 24 monitoring stations of the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), and for October 2004–June 2006, in which 13 GNIP stations were merged with 21 monitoring stations from a regional network in NW Iberia. Spatial autocorrelation structure of monthly and amount weighted seasonal/annual mean δp values was modelled, and two isoscapes were derived for stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in precipitation with regression kriging. Only using the GNIP sampling network, no spatial autocorrelation structure of δp could have been determined due to the scarcity of the network. However, in the case of the merged GNIP and NW dataset, for δp a spatial sampling range of ~450 km in planar distance (corresponding to ~340 km in geodetic distance) was determined. The range of δp, which also broadly corresponds to the range of the d-excess, probably refers to the spatially variable moisture contribution of the western, Atlantic-dominated, and eastern, Mediterranean-dominated domain of the Iberian Peninsula. The estimation error of the presented Iberian precipitation isoscapes, both for oxygen and hydrogen, is smaller than the ones that were reported for the regional subset of one of the most widely used global model, suggesting that the current regional model provides a higher predictive power