¿Es Psicosomático lo mío, doctor?

ResumenEste artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre la psicoso-mática, y a partir de ellas, la actualidad de algunos modelos de asistencia médica integral existentes, particularmente en el ámbito hospitalario en diversos lugares del mundo. Al igual que la Medicina Psicosomática en su momento, estos modelos intentan una mirada que comprende los diferentes componentes del enfermar (biomédicos, psíquicos y sociales) tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento.SummaryThis article offers some considerations on psychosomatics; it also presents certain models of comprehensive medical care existing nowadays in hospital environments in various parts of the world. The components of illness (biomedical, psychological and social), both in diagnosis and treatment, are considered in these models, as Psychosomatic Medicine did long time ago

Antagonistic interaction networks in a native and an exotic legume species in Colombian tropical dry forest

Las interacciones entre plantas y animales desempeñan un papel fundamental en el funcionamiento y la estructura de los ecosistemas. Se espera que las comunidades de insectos asociados a semillas sean muy específicas para cada especie de planta debido a la gran cantidad de barreras físicas y químicas que las semillas imponen a los herbívoros. Además, las especies leguminosas, el taxón vegetal dominante en el bosque seco tropical, ofrecen una gran cantidad de recursos para la especialización de insectos, estructurando comunidades especiliazadas de herbivoros. Sin embargo, la introducción de especies exóticas en este ecosistema puede reducer la diversidad y simplificar las interacciones. Mediante el análisis de redes ecológicas, comparamos la diversidad y estructura de los insectos asociados a las semillas y sus parasitoides entre la especie de leguminosa nativa Pseudosamanea guachapele y la leguminosa exótica e invasora Leucaena leucocephala. También evaluamos las diferencias en la composición química de semillas con el fin de determinar en qué medida ésta podría ayudar a explicar las diferencias en las comunidades de insectos asociadas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un bosque seco tropical en el departamento de Tolima, Colombia. Encontramos siete especies de escarabajos y ocho especies de parasitoides. Las redes de interacción de insectos de ambas especies de plantas tenían baja conectividad, anidamiento, generalidad y vulnerabilidad. Leucaena leucocephala tuvo la mayor diversidad de escarabajos y parasitoides en comparación con P. guachapele, tal vez porque L. leucocephala produce semillas durante todo el año, mientras que P. guachapele tiene una estacionalidad marcada produciendo frutos sólo durante uno o dos meses del año. Identificamos un total de 26 compuestos en las semillas de los dos huéspedes. Las semillas de P. guachapele, tienen el doble de compuestos que las de L. leucocephala. Entre las principales diferencias entre la composición de las semillas de la planta hospedera se encuentran la composición de ácidos grasos, que ofrecen diferentes fuentes de colesterol para el desarrollo de insectos. Esto puede ayudar a explicar la presencia de especies de consumidores de semillas asociadas a cada planta. Es importante resaltar que las redes descritas aquí pueden cambiar a través del tiempo y los paisajes, haciendo interesante seguir analizando la variación en la riqueza y estructura de dichas redes con el fin de definir hasta qué punto las interacciones encontradas en este estudio se mantienen constantes.Plant-animal interactions play a fundamental role in ecosystem functioning and structure. Seed-associated insect communities are expected to be very specific for each plant species due to the large amount of physical and chemical barriers plants impose on the herbivores. In addition, leguminous species, the dominant plant group in the tropical dry forest (TDF), offer a large quantity of resources for insect specialization, structuring specialist communities of herbivorous and parasitoids. However, the introduction of exotic species to TDF may alter the insect associated communities by diminishing diversity and simplifying interactions. By using ecological network analysis, we compared the diversity and structure of the insects associated with seeds and  parasitoids of the native leguminous species Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms and the exotic and invasive leguminous Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. We also evaluated differences in seed chemistry between these species in order to determine to what extent this could help to explain differences in associated insect communities. The study was carried out in a tropical dry forest remnant in the department of Tolima, Colombia. We found seven species of herbivores and eight species of parasitoid insects. The insect interaction networks from both species of plants had low connectance, nestedness, generality, and vulnerability. Leucaena leucocephala had the greatest diversity of herbivores and parasitoid insects compared to P. guachapele, perhaps because Leucaena leucocephala produces seeds all year around, while P. guachapele has marked seasonality, producing fruits only during one or two months of the year. We identified a total of 26 compounds in the seeds of the two hosts. Seeds of P. guachapele have twice the number of compounds than those of Leucaena leucocephala. Among the main differences between the composition of the host plant seeds are the fatty acids that offer different sources of cholesterol for insect development. It may help to explain the presence of species of seed feeders associated with each plant. It is important to notice that the networks described here may change across time and landscapes, making it interesting to continue analyzing the variation in richness and structure of such networks in order to define the extent to which the interactions found in this study remain constant

Os sistemas de produção da agroindústria artesanal da mandioca na região do lago Janauacá, Careiro (AM).

Produziu-se uma análise dos sistemas de produção de unidades familiares especializadas no cultivo da mandioca e derivados, visando assim apresentar um retrato da agricultura familiar local.Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura no Trópico Úmido) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus. Orientador: Dr. Henrique dos Santos Pereira; coorientador: Dr. Lindomar de Jesus de Sousa Silva

Closing the cycle for the cut rose industry by the reuse of its organic wastes: A case study in Ecuador

The soil conditions and the yield and quality of Rosa sp. var. Freedom were determined following the incorporation into the soil of rose waste composts, with or without fertigation; the effects of these treatments were compared with those of non-stabilised chopped rose wastes þ fertigation (FWF). The growing conditions were those of a commercial greenhouse. The use of the composts, alone or combined with fertigation, increased the available P and K contents of the soil with respect to FWF. However, only the compost þ fertigation treatments improved, in general, the soil fertility regarding the organic matter (OM), nitrogen and available micronutrient concentrations, in comparison to FWF. When the composts were added alone, irrigation with alkaline water increased the soil pH and, in consequence, reduced the availability of micronutrients. Overall, the combined use of compost and fertigation increased the cut rose yield and quality relative to the application of compost alone and FWF. Principal component analysis indicated that the OM, available Cu, Mn and Zn and total N contents and the pH of the soil were the principal soil parameters determining the yield and quality of the roses. This analysis classified the treatments in three groups: the compost þ fertigation treatments; the treatments with compost alone; and the FWF treatment. The compost þ fertigation treatments gave the highest net income (average for these treatments ¼ 80388.92 US dollars ha 1). Therefore, the compost þ fertigation treatments were highly beneficial with regard to increasing soil fertility and cut rose yield, quality and profitability

Intervención psiquiátrica en programa de trasplantes

ResumenEn los últimos años la Psiquiatría de Enlace e Interconsulta ha experimentado un salto cualitativo, acercándose al espacio común del resto de las especialidades médicas: el hospital general. La participación de psiquiatras en programas clínicos específicos como las unidades de trasplantes de órganos sólidos tiene fundamentaciones técnicas precisas dada la correlación entre síntomas psíquicos y las características clínicas específicas de las enfermedades médicas que requieren de este procedimiento. Cada vez hay una mayor preocupación en los clínicos y cirujanos en relación a los factores psíquicos que obstaculizan la adherencia a los tratamientos e indicaciones médicas tanto antes como después de efectuado el trasplante. La población de pacientes pre y post-trasplantados exhiben elevadas tasas de cuadros psiquiátricos específicos que ameritan un tratamiento coordinado multidisciplinario. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la experiencia inicial que estamos desarrollando en la Unidad de Trasplantes de Clínica Las Condes.SummaryIn recent years consultation-liaison psychiatry has experienced a quantum leap closer to the common space of the other medical specialties: the general hospital. The participation in clinical programs such as the units of solid organ transplants have required technical arguments given the correlation between psychiatric symptoms and the clinical features of specific medical illness that require this procedure. During the last time, there have been and increasingly concern among clinicians and surgeons in regard to the psychological factors that affect the adherence to treatment and medical advice before and after transplant. The population concerning pre and post transplantation issues, exhibits significant rates of specifics psychiatric disorders which require evaluation and drug treatment specialist coordination. The aim of this paper is to show the initial experience we have developed in the transplant unit of Clínica Las Condes, concerning psychiatric and psychosocial issues

IMECE2008-66225 ATOMIZATION CHARACTERISTICS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, AND TEMPERATURE IN BIOFUEL AND PETROLEUM FUEL SPRAY FLAMES

ABSTRACT Spray flame characteristics of canola methyl ester biofuel (CME) and petroleum fuel (No. 2D) are described. An enclosed spray flame in a heated co-flow air environment at ambient pressure was studied. A single nozzle, swirl-type, air-blast atomizer with a nozzle diameter of 300 microns was used to create the spray. The spray droplet size and velocity distributions were measured using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer. In-flame temperature profiles were measured using a type-R thermocouple. Global emission indices of NO and CO were derived from concentration measurements in the combustion products. The overall equivalence ratio was kept at 0.75 to simulate lean burning conditions. The changes in atomization air flow rate produced similar changes in atomization characteristics of both fuels. Emission indices of NO and CO for petroleum fuel were higher than those of the CME fuel. In-flame temperature levels were lower for the CME fuel than for the petroleum fuel at corresponding flame locations. NOMENCLATURE CME-Canola methyl ester D 32 -Sauter mean diameter NDIR-Nondispersive infrared PDPA-Phase Doppler particle analyzer T cf = Air co-flow temperature V f = Volumetric flow rate of fuel V aa = Volumetric flow rate of atomization air V cf = Volumetric flow rate of air co-flo

Cuantificación de metales en aguas de riego. Estudio de caso en la provincia de Chimborazo.

El crecimiento de la agroindustria en el Ecuador ha causado en los últimos años graves problemas de contaminación ambiental que afectan a sus recursos naturales, por lo cual es importante aplicar estrategias cada vez más eficaces para determinar las fuentes de contaminación y mitigar sus impactos en el ambiente. Una de las más importantes es la presencia de metales pesados, por lo tanto, es fundamental la determinación cuantitativa de ellos para llevar a cabo su gestión adecuada. La provincia de Chimborazo se encuentra ubicada en la zona central de los Andes ecuatorianos y una de sus principales groindustrias es la relacionada con la producción de plantas ornamentales, cuya contaminación por metales pesados no ha sido suficientemente estudiada, especialmente en lo concerniente a las aguas de riego. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue determinar cuantitativamente por espectroscopía de emisión atómica mediante plasma de acoplamiento inductivo, el grado de contaminación por metales pesados de las aguas de riego de la Industria Florícola “White River Roses” del cantón Penipe. Los resultados mostraron que, en general, el agua de riego que se utiliza en esta industria agrícola no contiene cantidades significativas de metales pesados.The growth of agribusiness in Ecuador in recent years has caused serious problems of environmental contamination affecting its natural resources, so it is important to implement effective strategies to determine the sources of pollution and mitigate their impacts on the environment. One of the most important is the presence of heavy metals, therefore, it is essential to determine quantitatively them to carry out their proper management. The province of Chimborazo is located in the central zone of Ecuadorian Andes and one of its main agroindustries is related to the production of ornamental plants, whose contamination by heavy metals has not been sufficiently studied, especially with regard to the irrigation waters. The aim of this research was to determine quantitatively by atomic emission spectroscopy using inductive coupling plasma, the degree of contamination by heavy metals of the irrigation water of the Floriculture Industry White River Roses of the Penipe Canton. The results showed that, in general, the irrigation water used in this agricultural industry does not contain significant amounts of heavy metals

Gênero x escolaridade dos agricultores da região do lago Janauacá, Careiro (AM).

O presente estudo realizado na região do lago Janauacá, município de Careiro - AM, utilizou a pesquisa exploratória com a finalidade de alcançar ?maior interação com o problema, com vistas a torná-lo mais explícito ou constituir hipóteses?, além de contribuir para aprimorar idéias (GIL, 2002, p.41). Esta opção utiliza como técnicas a coleta de informação (dados), revisão bibliográfica, leitura de livros, artigos e documentos e os dados secundários com base para compreensão do objeto em estudo. Buscamos com esta pesquisa construir e caracterizar uma relação entre o gênero e a escolaridade dos agricultores da região do lago Janauacá, Careiro (AM)

Processos de trabalho na indústria familiar artesanal de farinha e goma de mandioca da região de Janauacá, Amazonas.

Os objetos que compuseram o universo da pesquisa foram as unidades familiares associadas aos circuitos de produção e comercialização das "casas de farinha" flutuantes da região do Lago Janauacá, Careiro, AM. Objetivou-se analisar a organização social e econômica dessas unidades de produção. As técnicas de coleta foram: entrevistas e observações em campo