Genética general y agrícola

362 Pags.- XXXIV Tabls.- 75 Figs. Libro editado por Salvat Editores S.A. que autoriza la divulgación en abierto de esta obra a través de Digital.CSIC para usos científicos referenciándose adecuadamente. Los autores, Enrique Sánchez-Monge Parellada y Ramón Esteruelas Rolando, Ingenieros Agrónomos en plantilla de la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC) en 1952.Un propósito muy ambicioso nos ha llevado a escribir este libro. En primer lugar hemos intentado reunir en un libro de genética escrito en lengua castellana todos los conceptos fundamentales de la genética moderna, expuestos de una manera concisa y clara. Queremos también hacer ver al lector la importancia que tiene la inclusión de la genética en todo programa moderno de educación y más aún en las enseñanzas superiores de Biología pura o aplicada, en Medicina, Psicología, Veterinaria, Agronomía, Silvicultura, Mejora de Animales y Plantas, Taxonomía, Botánica, Zoología, Microbiología, Virología, etc. Núestra ambición llega hasta intentar hacer comprender la necesidad de desterrar de los programas de enseñanza anticuados ciertos epígrafes que deberían haberse suprimido hace ya algunos años. Por último, también deseamos ardientemente que un grupo de nuestra juventud estudiosa se preocupe de un modo intensivo de los problemas de la Genética y sus aplicaciones.Empezamos el libro con los capítulos referentes a herencia mendeliana cualitativa y cuantitativa, esta última precedida de una breve introducción al análisis estadístico. Seguimos con los problemas del sexo y con los tipos de cambios evolutivos, el papel del citoplasma en la herencia, la genética de las poblaciones y la fisiología y naturaleza del gene, para acabar esta parte general con un capítulo dedicado al estudio genético de la .evolución, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a los mecanismos de especiación, pal:a llegar al concepto biológico de especie. Termina el libro con cuatro capítulos dedicados a la introducción a la genética especial de los microbios (sensu lato), plantas cultivadas, animales domésticos y seres humanos, A manera de apéndices figuran una breve historia de los descubrimientos genéticos, las reglas internacionales sobre símbolos, un glosario de términos y una colección de problemas. Con esto creemos que hay suficiente para un :curso de Genética Universitaria o de Escuela Superior. Los conocimientos adquiridos en esta obra pueden ampliarse consultando las que recomendamos al final. Si mediante este libro conseguimos despertar muchas vocaciones de genetistas, nuestra ambición quedará satisfecha en gran parte. Si no lo conseguimos, nos quedará por lo menos el recuerdo del placer con que lo hemos escrito, placer que deseamos que experimenten también los que nos lean.Peer reviewe

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, 2014 (preprint) 1 Joint Removal of Random and Fixed-Pattern Noise through Spatiotemporal Video Filtering

Abstract—We propose a framework for the denoising of videos jointly corrupted by spatially correlated (i.e. non-white) random noise and spatially correlated fixed-pattern noise. Our approach is based on motion-compensated 3-D spatiotemporal volumes, i.e. a sequence of 2-D square patches extracted along the motion trajectories of the noisy video. First, the spatial and temporal correlations within each volume are leveraged to sparsify the data in 3-D spatiotemporal transform domain, and then the coefficients of the 3-D volume spectrum are shrunk using an adaptive 3-D threshold array. Such array depends on the particular motion trajectory of the volume, the individual power spectral densities of the random and fixed-pattern noise, and also the noise variances which are adaptively estimated in transform domain. Experimental results on both synthetically corrupted data and real infrared videos demonstrate a superior suppression of the random and fixed-pattern noise from both an objective and a subjective point of view. Index Terms—Video denoising, spatiotemporal filtering, fixedpattern noise, power spectral density, adaptive transforms, thermal imaging. I

Fitogenética (Mejora de plantas)

522 Pags.- 91 Figs.- XLV Tabls.- Índice alfab. de materias. Libro editado por Salvat Editores S.A. que autoriza la divulgación en abierto de esta obra a través de Digital.CSIC para usos científicos referenciándose adecuadamente. Autor principal: Enrique Sánchez-Monge, ingeniero agrónomo de la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (Zaragoza) con la colaboración de los ingenieros agrónomos Miguel Angulo Busquets y Manuel Álverez Peña de la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (Zaragoza) y Alberto Zubledia Lizarduy de la Estación de Mejora de la Patata (Vitoria).El libro que aquí ofrecemos trata de los procedimientos de obtención de variedades de plantas de mayor rendimiento que las preexisentes. Los que nos interesamos en la Mejora Genética de las Plantas Cultivadas o Fitogenética, hemos encontrado dificultades al iniciar nuestros estudios por lo dispersa que está la literatura referente a la materia. Los lectores de habla española sentimos sobre todo la falta de un compendio que nos sirva de punto de partida. Esta ha sido la razón de que tratáramos, con la ayuda de otros compañeros agrónomos, de reunir en un libro las materias que nos han parecido necesarias y suficientes para la iniciación al estudio de la Mejora de Plantas. En los primeros capítulos del libro se exponen los métodos generales de mejora en relación con el tipo de reproducción de la planta.A continuación se describen las técnicas de creación de variedades de plantas resistentes a condiciones ambientales adversas, a las enfermedades y a los insectos. Siguen las técnicas de mejora cualitativa, las de producción artificial de poliploides y de mutaciones, y las de comparación estadística de la productividad de las variedades. Termina la parte general con un capítulo sobre producción de semilla y conservación de variedades. En la parte especial, se trata de la genética y técnicas de mejora de cereales, leguminosas, plantas hortícolas, industriales y pratenses, y árboles frutales, con referencia especial a las plantas más representativas de cada uno de estos grupos. Abrigamos la esperanza ‘de que este libro sea de utilidad, no sólamente a los que sé interesen directamente en la Fitogenética, sino también a agrónomos, agricultores, productores de semillas, genetistas y biólogos en general y a cuantos se interesen por el progreso humano, ya que la genétiça aplicada es y será uno de los instrumentos más eficaces para conseguir elevar el nivel de vida de la humanidad.Peer reviewe

Evolutionary implications of sequential homologies among members of the trypsin/a-amylase inhibitors family (CM-proteins) in wheat and barley

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of four members of the trypsin/α-amylase inhibitor family in wheat, CM1, CM2, CM16 and CM17, has been investigated for 27–29 cycles by automated sequencing procedure. None of the proteins showed inhibitory activity against trypsin or α-amylases from different sources. The N-terminal sequences of these four proteins present a high degree of homology to each other as well as to those reported for other members of the same family in wheat and barley. Such homology is higher between a given protein and a second one associated with a different genome than between that protein and any other encoded in the same genome, indicating that most of the dispersion of the corresponding multi-gene family over several chromosomes took place before the wheat/barley evolutionary branching-ou

Libro de calidad para la producción de piel y cuero libre de Cromo(VI)

Postprint (published version

Transcriptional response to metal starvation in the emerging pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium is mediated by Fur-dependent and -independent regulatory pathways

Transition metals participate in numerous enzymatic reactions and they are essential for survival in all living organisms. For this reason, bacterial pathogens have evolved dedicated machineries to effectively compete with their hosts and scavenge metals at the site of infection. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms controlling metal acquisition in the emerging human pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium. We observed a robust transcriptional response to metal starvation, and many genes coding for predicted lipoproteins and ABC-transporters were significantly up-regulated. Transcriptional analysis of a mutant strain lacking a metalloregulator of the Fur family revealed the activation of a full operon encoding a putative metal transporter system and a gene coding for a Histidine-rich lipoprotein (Hrl). We recognized a conserved sequence with dyad symmetry within the promoter region of the Fur-regulated genes. Mutagenesis of the predicted Fur operator within the hrl promoter abrogated Fur- and metal-dependent expression of a reporter gene. Metal starvation still impelled a strong transcriptional response in the fur mutant, demonstrating the existence of Fur-independent regulatory pathways controlling metal homeostasis. Finally, analysis of metal accumulation in the wild-type strain and the fur mutant by ICP-MS revealed an important role of Fur in nickel acquisition

Transcriptional response to metal starvation in the emerging pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium is mediated by Fur-dependent and -independent regulatory pathways

Transition metals participate in numerous enzymatic reactions and they are essential for survival in all living organisms. For this reason, bacterial pathogens have evolved dedicated machineries to effectively compete with their hosts and scavenge metals at the site of infection. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms controlling metal acquisition in the emerging human pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium. We observed a robust transcriptional response to metal starvation, and many genes coding for predicted lipoproteins and ABC-transporters were significantly up-regulated. Transcriptional analysis of a mutant strain lacking a metalloregulator of the Fur family revealed the activation of a full operon encoding a putative metal transporter system and a gene coding for a Histidine-rich lipoprotein (Hrl). We recognized a conserved sequence with dyad symmetry within the promoter region of the Fur-regulated genes. Mutagenesis of the predicted Fur operator within the hrl promoter abrogated Fur- and metal-dependent expression of a reporter gene. Metal starvation still impelled a strong transcriptional response in the fur mutant, demonstrating the existence of Fur-independent regulatory pathways controlling metal homeostasis. Finally, analysis of metal accumulation in the wild-type strain and the fur mutant by ICP-MS revealed an important role of Fur in nickel acquisition. Keywords: Ferric uptake regulator; Histidine-rich proteins; Mycoplasma genitalium; emerging STI pathogen; metal acquisition systems; metallome; novel therapeutic targets

The involvement of thaumatin-like proteins in plant food cross-reactivity: a multicenter study using a specific protein microarray.

Cross-reactivity of plant foods is an important phenomenon in allergy, with geographical variations with respect to the number and prevalence of the allergens involved in this process, whose complexity requires detailed studies. We have addressed the role of thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in cross-reactivity between fruit and pollen allergies. A representative panel of 16 purified TLPs was printed onto an allergen microarray. The proteins selected belonged to the sources most frequently associated with peach allergy in representative regions of Spain. Sera from two groups of well characterized patients, one with allergy to Rosaceae fruit (FAG) and another against pollens but tolerant to food-plant allergens (PAG), were obtained from seven geographical areas with different environmental pollen profiles. Cross-reactivity between members of this family was demonstrated by inhibition assays. Only 6 out of 16 purified TLPs showed noticeable allergenic activity in the studied populations. Pru p 2.0201, the peach TLP (41%), chestnut TLP (24%) and plane pollen TLP (22%) proved to be allergens of probable relevance to fruit allergy, being mainly associated with pollen sensitization, and strongly linked to specific geographical areas such as Barcelona, Bilbao, the Canary Islands and Madrid. The patients exhibited mayor que50% positive response to Pru p 2.0201 and to chestnut TLP in these specific areas. Therefore, their recognition patterns were associated with the geographical area, suggesting a role for pollen in the sensitization of these allergens. Finally, the co-sensitizations of patients considering pairs of TLP allergens were analyzed by using the co-sensitization graph associated with an allergen microarray immunoassay. Our data indicate that TLPs are significant allergens in plant food allergy and should be considered when diagnosing and treating pollen-food allergy

Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe

Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe