Random regression models for milk, fat and protein in Colombian Buffaloes

Objective. Covariance functions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects and, subsequently, genetic parameters for test-day milk (MY), fat (FY) protein (PY) yields and mozzarella cheese (MP) in buffaloes from Colombia were estimate by using Random regression models (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LP). Materials and Methods. Test-day records of MY, FY, PY and MP from 1884 first lactations of buffalo cows from 228 sires were analyzed. The animals belonged to 14 herds in Colombia between 1995 and 2011. Ten monthly classes of days in milk were considered for test-day yields. The contemporary groups were defined as herd-year-month of milk test-day. Random additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects were included in the model. Fixed effects included the contemporary group, linear and quadratic effects of age at calving, and the average lactation curve of the population, which was modeled by third-order LP. Random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were estimated by RRM using third- to- sixth-order LP. Residual variances were modeled using homogeneous and heterogeneous structures. Results. The heritabilities for MY, FY, PY and MP ranged from 0.38 to 0.05, 0.67 to 0.11, 0.50 to 0.07 and 0.50 to 0.11, respectively. Conclusions. In general, the RRM are adequate to describe the genetic variation in test-day of MY, FY, PY and MP in Colombian buffaloes.Key words: Cattle, genetics, zootechnics (Source: EuroVoc)

COSTOS ATRIBUIBLES A LA NEUMONÍA ASOCIADA A LA VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA: REVISIÓN EXPLORATORIA.

Introducción: por sus características y la necesidad de intervenciones invasivas los pacientes críticos desarrollan con frecuencia Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en salud, siendo una de las más frecuentes la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, la cual no sólo empeora el pronóstico clínico, sino que se asocia a mayores costos relacionados con la atención. Objetivo: describir a partir de la evidencia científica los costos relacionados con la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica en pacientes críticos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión exploratoria durante agosto y septiembre del año 2020. Se incluyeron investigaciones publicadas entre 2010-2020, en español, inglés y portugués, que tuvieran como sujeto de estudio pacientes con diagnóstico de Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Direct y de manera manual, utilizando los términos “costos de atención medica”, “costos directos de servicios”, “Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador” y “cuidados intensivos”, combinados con los operadores boléanos AND y OR. Resultados: de 2.929   artículos encontrados en la revisión inicial un total de 17 fueron incluidos en el análisis. Los estudios mostraron un exceso de costos derivados de la estancia hospitalaria, insumos médicos y paraclínicos en pacientes con Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación mecánica, alcanzando incluso montos superiores a los USD 10.000 por evento. Conclusión: La Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación mecánica es una patología que se asocia a altos costos hospitalarios relacionados con el manejo farmacológico, la prescripción de paraclínicos y mayor estancia en cuidados intensivos. Palabras clave: Costo de la atención médica, costos directos de servicios, neumonía asociada al ventilador, cuidado intensivo ABSTRACT Introduction: due to their characteristics and the need for invasive interventions, critical patients frequently develop Healthcare Associated Infections, one of the most frequent being pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, which not only worsens the clinical prognosis, but is also associated with higher costs related to care. Objective: to describe, based on scientific evidence, the costs associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Methods: an exploratory review was conducted during August and September 2020. We included research published between 2010-2020, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, with patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia as study subjects. The search was performed in the MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Direct and manual databases, using the terms "medical care costs", "direct service costs", "ventilator-associated pneumonia" and "intensive care", combined with the AND and OR operators. Results: out of 2.929 articles found in the initial review, a total of 17 were included in the analysis. The studies showed excess costs derived from hospital stay, medical and paraclinical supplies in patients with Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, even reaching amounts exceeding USD 10.000 per event. Conclusion: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia is a pathology associated with high hospital costs related to pharmacological management, prescription of paraclinics and longer stay in intensive care. Keywords: cost of medical care, direct service costs, ventilator-associated pneumonia, intensive care.     &nbsp

Actividad antimicrobiana de Weissella confusa y sus metabolitos frente a Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae

The kinetic of antimicrobial activity of Weissella confusa and their metabolites against E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, (two pathogens causing foodborne illness) was evaluated, in order to know the possible use in food processing. W. confusa was produced by batch fermentation using MRS commercial substrate. Three fermentations, of 6 hours at 33 °C, without aeration, stirring continuously (100 rpm) were performed. Every hour of fermentation, three biological substances, W. confusa with their metabolites (W + W10b), W. confusa free cells metabolites (W), and metabolite (W10b) were separated, and subsequently the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae was measured. Statistically significant differences between treatments and fermentation time were found. Treatment (W) against E. coli, showed the greatest antimicrobial activity, it was obtained between the fourth and sixth hours of fermentation (2.45 cm diameter average inhibition). In treatments W and W + W10b against K. pneumoniae, statistically significant differences between them were not found. The antimicrobial activity was shown between the fourth and fifth hour of fermentation. W. confusa and W10b have antimicrobial activity against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, suggesting that W and W10b could be used as an alternative to biopreservation or bioprotection of fresh and processed food for human and animal consumption, and could become an alternative to antibiotics used for diseases caused by E. coli and K. pneumoniae.Con el fin evaluar el campo de aplicación potencial de una bacteria ácido láctica y de sus metabolitos, se realizó la cinética de la actividad antimicrobiana de W. confusa y de sus metabolitos contra E. coli, y K. pneumoniae, dos patógenos causantes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. La producción de W. confusa se realizó por fermentación discontinua en sustrato comercial MRS. Se realizaron tres fermentaciones durante 6 horas, sin aireación, agitación continúa 33°C y 100 rpm. Cada hora de fermentación se separaron tres sustancias biológicas, W. confusa con sus metabolitos (W+W10b), células de W. confusa libres de metabolitos (W) y metabolito (W10b) y se midió la actividad antimicrobiana contra los patógenos E. coli, y K. pneumoniae. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre tratamientos y tiempo de fermentación. Para E. coli el tratamiento W presentó la mayor actividad antimicrobiana, la cual se obtuvo entre la cuarta y sexta hora de fermentación (2.45 cm de diámetro promedio de inhibición). Para K. pneumoniae, los tratamientos W y W+W10b presentaron actividad antimicrobiana entre la cuarta y quinta hora de fermentación, sin diferencia significativa entre ellos. W. confusa y el metabolito W10b demostraron poseer capacidad antimicrobiana contra E. coli y K. pneumoniae, lo cual sugiere que W. confusa y W10b podrían utilizarse como alternativa de bioconservación o bioprotección de alimentos frescos y procesados, para alimentación humana y animal; y podría convertirse en una alternativa al uso de antibióticos para enfermedades causadas por E. coli y K. pneumoniae

Infusão intramamária de Weissella confusa afeta a contagem de células somáticas e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite

A utilização de bactérias do ácido láctico (LAB) como uma alternativa ao uso de antimicrobianos tem sido proposta para o controle da mastite bovina. No entanto, antes dessas aplicações, o efeito in vivo das LAB sobre a glândula deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a infusão intramamária de Weissella confusa e seus metabólitos em vacas afeta a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite. Vinte e quatro tetos de seis vacas Hartón del Valle foram selecionados para a pesquisa. Uma alíquota de 5mL de uma solução aquosa de células de W. confusa (W) (concentração 109u.f.c. mL-1), 5mL de células de W. confusa com seus metabólitos (W + W10b) ou 5mL de metabólitos (W10b) foi aplicada ao acaso em três tetos de cada vaca. O teto restante em cada úbere representou a unidade experimental de controle (C). Nos dias 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13 e 15 após infusão (PI), a CCS, o pH, a acidez titulável e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite foram avaliadas. A aplicação das três substâncias biológicas produziu aumentos significativos na CCS, no pH e na contagem de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre W e W+W10b. O W10b mostrou a menor alteração sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Os resultados sugerem que a aplicação de W. confusa e seus metabólitos afeta a CCS e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite

Regulação genética da determinação sexual e diferenciação gonadal em peixes teleost

Understanding the control in the determination and differentiation of sex in fish is essential to improve aspects of management, productivity, economy and conservation of the species. The objective of this review is to provide information on the main genetic-molecular mechanisms of sexual determination and differentiation in teleost fish. The information search was developed between 2019 - 2021 through bibliographic databases using phrases such as: "sex determination fish", "sexual differentiation fish" and "sex neotropical fish". The selection of the information was carried out taking into consideration a maximum of 10 years of publication, discarding documents considered as master's or doctoral theses. The sex determination can be defined by chromosome systems such as XX/XY, ZZ/ZW, XX/X0, ZZ/Z0, XX1, XX2 and X1X2Y or modulated by different autosomal genes such as cyp19a1, foxl2, figla, dmrt1, sox9, amh, gsdf. However, despite the great advances in research in the molecular area, the regulation process in the determination and differentiation of sex in fish is not yet fully elucidated, especially in species Neotropical.Comprender el control en la determinación y la diferenciación del sexo en peces es fundamental para mejorar aspectos de manejo, productividad, economía y conservación de las especies. El objetivo de esta revisión es brindar información de los principales mecanismos genético-moleculares de determinación y diferenciación sexual en peces teleósteos. La búsqueda de información se desarrolló entre 2019 – 2021 a través de bases de datos bibliográficas utilizando frases como: “sex determination fish”, “sexual differentiation fish”  y “sex neotropical fish”. La selección de la información se realizó llevando en consideración máximo 10 años de publicación, descartando documentos considerados como tesis de maestría o doctorado. La determinación del sexo puede ser definido por sistemas cromosómicos como XX/XY, ZZ/ZW, XX/X0, ZZ/Z0, XX1, XX2 y X1X2Y o modulado por diferentes genes autosómicos tales como cyp19a1, foxl2, figla, dmrt1, sox9, amh, gsdf, sin embargo, a pesar de los grandes avances en la investigación en el área molecular, el proceso de regulación en la determinación y diferenciación del sexo en peces aún no está completamente dilucidado, especialmente en especies Neotropicales.Compreender o controlo da determinação do sexo e a diferenciação sexual nos peixes é fundamental para melhorar a gestão, produtividade, economia e conservação das espécies. O objectivo desta revisão é fornecer informações sobre os principais mecanismos molecular-genéticos de determinação e diferenciação sexual em peixes teleost. A pesquisa de informação foi realizada entre 2019 - 2021 através de bases de dados bibliográficas, utilizando frases como: "peixe de determinação sexual", "peixe de diferenciação sexual" e "peixe neotropical sexual". A selecção da informação foi efectuada tendo em consideração um máximo de 10 anos de publicação, descartando documentos considerados como teses de mestrado ou doutoramento. A determinação do sexo pode ser definida por sistemas cromossómicos tais como XX/XY, ZZ/ZW, XX/X0, ZZ/Z0, XX1, XX2 e X1X2Y ou modulada por diferentes genes autossómicos tais como cyp19a1, foxl2, figla, dmrt1, sox9, amh, gsdf, no entanto, o sexo dos peixes pode ser definido por sistemas cromossómicos tais como XX/XY, ZZ/ZW, XX/X0, ZZ/Z0, XX1, XX2 e X1X2Y, apesar dos grandes avanços na investigação molecular, o processo de regulação da determinação e diferenciação sexual nos peixes ainda não está totalmente elucidado, especialmente nas espécies Neotropicais

Random regression models for milk, fat and protein in Colombian Buffaloes

Objective. Covariance functions for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects and, subsequently, genetic parameters for test-day milk (MY), fat (FY) protein (PY) yields and mozzarella cheese (MP) in buffaloes from Colombia were estimate by using Random regression models (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LP). Materials and Methods. Test-day records of MY, FY, PY and MP from 1884 first lactations of buffalo cows from 228 sires were analyzed. The animals belonged to 14 herds in Colombia between 1995 and 2011. Ten monthly classes of days in milk were considered for test-day yields. The contemporary groups were defined as herd-year-month of milk test-day. Random additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects were included in the model. Fixed effects included the contemporary group, linear and quadratic effects of age at calving, and the average lactation curve of the population, which was modeled by third-order LP. Random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were estimated by RRM using third- to- sixth-order LP. Residual variances were modeled using homogeneous and heterogeneous structures. Results. The heritabilities for MY, FY, PY and MP ranged from 0.38 to 0.05, 0.67 to 0.11, 0.50 to 0.07 and 0.50 to 0.11, respectively. Conclusions. In general, the RRM are adequate to describe the genetic variation in test-day of MY, FY, PY and MP in Colombian buffaloes.Objetivo. Fueron estimadas funciones de covariancia para los efectos genéticos aditivos y de ambiente permanente, y posteriormente fueron estimados los parámetros genéticos para la producción de leche en el día del control (PDC) para leche (MY), grasa (FY), proteína (PY) y producción de queso mozzarella (MP), usando modelos de regresión aleatoria (RRM) mediante Polinomios Ortogonales de Legendre (LP) en búfalos de Colombia. Materiales y Métodos. Fueron analizados 1884 registros de PDC de primeras lactancias para MY, FY, PY y MP, hijas de 228 reproductores. Los registros procedían de 14 rebaños entre 1995 y 2011. Para las PDC fueron consideradas 10 clases mensuales de días en lactancia. Los grupos contemporáneos fueron definidos como rebaño-año-mes de control. Fueron incluidos en el modelo efectos aleatorios genético aditivo, de ambiente permanente y residual. Los efectos fijos incluidos fueron grupo contemporáneo, efecto lineal y cuadrático de edad al parto, y curva promedia de la lactancia de la población, la cual fue modelada por un LP de tercera orden. Los efectos aleatorios genético aditivo y de ambiente permanente fueron estimados por RRM mediante LP de tercero a sexto orden. Las variancias residuales fueron modeladas usando estructuras homogéneas y heterogéneas. Resultados. Las heredabilidades para MY, FY, PY y MP variaron de 0.38 a 0.05, 0.67 a 0.11, 0.50 a 0.07 y 0.50 a 0.11, respectivamente. Conclusiones. En general, los RRM son adecuados para describir la variación genética para la PDC de MY, FY, PF y MP en búfalos de Colombia

Metformin induces ZFP36 by mTORC1 inhibition in cervical cancer-derived cell lines

Abstract Background Metformin, a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, has shown several promising effects for cancer treatment. These effects have been shown to be mediated by dual modulation of the AMPK-mTORC1 axis, where AMPK acts upstream of mTORC1 to decrease its activity. Nevertheless, alternative pathways have been recently discovered suggesting that metformin can act through of different targets regulation. Methods We performed a transcriptome screening analysis using HeLa xenograft tumors generated in NOD-SCID mice treated with or without metformin to examine genes regulated by metformin. Western Blot analysis, Immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were used to confirm alterations in gene expression. The TNMplot and GEPIA2 platform were used for in silico analysis of genes found up-regulated by metformin, in cervical cancer patients. We performed an AMPK knock-down using AMPK-targeted siRNAs and mTOR inhibition with rapamycin to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of metformin in cervical cancer cell lines. Results We shown that metformin decreases tumor growth and increased the expression of a group of antitumoral genes involved in DNA-binding transcription activator activity, hormonal response, and Dcp1-Dcp2 mRNA-decapping complex. We demonstrated that ZFP36 could act as a new molecular target increased by metformin. mTORC1 inhibition using rapamycin induces ZFP36 expression, which could suggest that metformin increases ZFP36 expression and requires mTORC1 inhibition for such effect. Surprisingly, in HeLa cells AMPK inhibition did not affect ZFP36 expression, suggesting that additional signal transducers related to suppressing mTORC1 activity, could be involved. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of ZFP36 activation in response to metformin treatment involving mTORC1 inhibition. Graphical Abstrac

El prisma de la formación docente en Colombia. Teoría padagógica y experiencias didácticas

PublishedDesde hace más de 50 años la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Santiago de Cali – USC, ha sido líder en la propuesta, proyección y ejecución de proyectos que dinamizan el campo de la educación y ha sido visionaria en sus desarrollos. Al hacer un recorrido por la memoria histórica de la facultad, sus diversas experiencias, logros, beneficios e impacto en la sociedad, se evidencia como el campo de la educación ha orientado su formación en las áreas de, biología, química, matemática, sociales, tecnología de la información, lenguaje, idioma extranjero, ciencias naturales, con una importante y además diferenciadora orientación de la formación docente, sus prácticas pedagógicas, su liderazgo y compromiso con el ambiente, que hace de estos aspectos un valor diferenciador de la formación de maestros