Gait Pattern of a Female Patient With Frieberg’S Disease

DergiPark: 379079tmsjAims: Frieberg’s disease is a chronic painful condition characterized by avascular necrosis of metatarsal head. With this case report, we aimed to analyze the gait pattern of a case presented with Frieberg’s disease. Case Report: A 20-year-old female patient (body weight: 50 kg, height: 1.64 m, body mass index: 18.5 kg/m2 ) with a known Frieberg’s disease during the last 6 years is presented. Her physical examinations showed no anatomical deformity of the foot such as hallux valgus or pes planus. The diagnosis of chronic stage Frieberg’s disease was verified by a conventional posteroanterior X-ray imaging of foot. Gait analysis was performed during a painless period after physical and medical therapy. The average pressure distribution during stance phase was altered due to longterm protective behavior. There was a larger foot rotation on the affected side compared to the intacted side. Conclusion: We considered that this gait pattern is not forced as in the primary pathologies or compensatory. Rather it may be accepted as volitional

A multi-period supply chain network design for biodiesel fuels: The case of Turkey

Dünya üzerindeki tüketilmekte olan enerjinin büyük çoğunluğu yenilenemez enerji kaynaklarından olan fosil yakıtlardan elde edilmektedir. Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı’nın(UEA) verilerine göre dünya üzerindeki artan petrol talebini karşılayabilecek petrol rezervi 1,7 trilyon varil civarında olup bu miktar yaklaşık 51 yıllık tüketimi karşılayabilmektedir. Tüm fosil yakıtlar gibi petrolün de yanma esnasında açığa çıkardığı zararlı gazların etkisiyle çevre kirliliğine ve küresel ısınmaya yol açtığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu nedenle alternatif enerji kaynakları yakın gelecekte daha büyük önem kazanacaktır. Alternatif enerji kaynakları araştırıldığında Biyokütle enerjisinin öneminin büyüklüğü görülmektedir. Biyodizel, fosil yakıtlar için olabilecek en iyi ikame yakıt türü olmasından dolayı en çok kullanılan sıvı biyoyakıtlardandır. Biyoyakıtların üretilmesi ve yenilenebilir enerjiler arasında önemli bir yere sahip olabilmesi için ilk aşamada maliyet etkin bir tedarik zinciri tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada biyodizel tedarik zinciri ağ tasarımı için maliyet minimizasyonu amaçlayan bir çok periyotlu karma tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model; tesis lokasyon seçimi, biyorafineride kullanılacak uygun teknoloji ve malzeme akış miktarı gibi karar değişkenlerini içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın en önemli özgün katkısı mevcut yazın taramamıza göre konu ile ilgili Türkiye’de uygulaması yapılmış ilk çalışma olmasıdır. Geliştirilen modelin geçerliliğini test etmek için Türkiye‘de biyodizel tedarik zinciri ağ tasarımı probleminin gerçek veriler kullanılarak çözümü yapılmıştır.A major portion of energy consumed worldwide is derived from non-renewable energy sources. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the oil reserves that can meet the rising global oil demand around 1.7 trillion barrels, which may last about 51 years. Like all fossil fuels, petroleum is a well-known cause of pollution and global warming due to the harmful gases it releases. At this point, biomass energy emerges as a promising alternative energy source. Among alternative biomass products, biodiesel is the most widely used liquid biofuel as substitute fuel type for fossil fuels. Obviously, designing a cost effective supply chain is an essential component of a sustainable energy policy that aims to successfully substitute biodiesel for fossil fuels. In this study, we develop a mixed integer linear programming model minimizing the cost of supply chain network of biodiesel. The proposed model optimizes locations of processing facilities, technology to be used in bioprocessing, and amount of material flow. The main contribution of this work is that it will be the first study dealing with the Turkish Biodiesel supply chain, to the best of our knowledge. To prove the validity of the model, a country-wide supply chain network for biodiesel is designed using real data collected from Turkish market

Trophic Characteristics of the Sapanca Lake (Turkey)

Systematic measurements of optical properties, concentrations of major and minor chemicals and primary production throughout 1989-1992 enabled us to identify the oligotrophic state of Sapanca lake, Marmara region, Turkey. Lake waters which have low concentrations of major anions and cations (total = 49 μM) overturn every February-March, ventilating the bottom waters and enriching the surface waters with nutrients. Surface waters cool down to 6.5 °C by late winter and then warm steadily to 26 °C by late summer, while temperatures in deep waters range between 6.5 and 10.0 °C throughout the year. When the seasonal thermocline develops, the dissolved oxygen profiles exhibit a subsurface maximum in the thermocline, while in the hypolimnion water, the content varies seasonally from 11.5-12.0 ppm (350-375 μM) in March to 0.5-1.7 ppm (16-56 μM) in late autumn. Surface nitrate concentrations vary markedly with season, from < 0.15 μM in summer to 5.7 μM in early March, whilst the bottom water concentrations range from 13.5-14.0 μM in late autumn to 5.7 μM after the winter overturn. Phosphate concentrations are always less than 0.1 μM throughout the entire water column. Subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum descends in late summer to 20-25 m depths, where the light intensity is less than 1% of the surface value. Below 10-15 m depths, corresponding to the upper thermocline, primary productivity is very low. The range was from 35 to 93 mg C/ m2 day-1 during 1989-1991, consistent with the values in other oligotrophic lakes

Radiologic findings of screen-detected cancers in an organized population-based screening mammography program in Turkey

PURPOSE:Bahçeşehir Breast Cancer Screening Program is a population based organized screening program in Turkey, where asymptomatic women aged 40–69 years are screened biannually. In this prospective study, we aimed to determine the mammographic findings of screen-detected cancers and discuss the efficacy of breast cancer screening in a developing country.METHODS:A total of 6912 women were screened in three rounds. The radiologic findings were grouped as mass, focal asymmetry, calcification, and architectural distortion. Masses were classified according to shape, border, and density. Calcifications were grouped according to morphology and distribution. Cancers were grouped according to the clinical stage.RESULTS:Seventy cancers were detected with an incidence of 4.8/1000. Two cancers were detected in other centers and three were not visualized mammographically. Mammographic presentations of the remaining 65 cancers were mass (47.7%, n=31), calcification (30.8%, n=20), focal asymmetry (16.9%, n=11), architectural distortion (3.1%, n=2), and skin thickening (1.5%, n=1). The numbers of stage 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cancers were 13 (20.0%), 34 (52.3%), 14 (21.5%), 3 (4.6%), and 1 (1.5%), respectively. The numbers of interval and missed cancers were 5 (7.4%) and 7 (10.3%), respectively.CONCLUSION:A high incidence of early breast cancer has been detected. The incidence of missed and interval cancers did not show major differences from western screening trials. We believe that this study will pioneer implementation of efficient population-based mammographic screenings in developing countries

The individual concept of liberalism and reflections to present’s individual

Günümüz toplumunda birey, bireysellik, bireycilik gibi kavramlar son derece popülerdir. Bu çalışma ise söz konusu kavramları tarihsel olarak ele almakta olup bireyin ortaya çıkışıyla -Rönesans’la- başlayıp, liberalizm, Aydınlanma ve devrimler çağıyla devam ederek, hem düşünsel planda hem de toplumsal olaylar çerçevesinde konuyu günümüze kadar getirmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışma yurttaşlığın gelişim süreciyle birlikte de okunabilmekte, sonrasında ise odak noktasını yurttaştan bireye doğru kaydırmaktadır. Tez, bahsi geçen süreci incelerken düz bir çizgi üzerinde yükselen veya alçalan bir tarih anlayışı sunmamaktadır. Meseleye inişleriyle, çıkışlarıyla diyalektik olarak yaklaşmaktadır. Bu amaçla paralel olarak da iki argümanı birlikte değerlendirmektedir. İlk argüman olan bireyselliğin gelişimi daha liberal anlatıya yakın tonlar içerirken, ikinci argüman olan bireysellik kümesinin/haklar kümesinin genişliği ilk argümanın ne derece, hangi toplumsal kesimler için geçerli olabildiğini sorgulamaktadır. Rönesans’la birlikte başlayan çalışma ‘neo-liberal’ dünya olarak adlandırılan günümüze kadar gelmektedir. Çalışmanın birinci ve ikinci bölümünde mesele tarihsel olarak günümüze kadar getirildikten sonra son bölümde günümüzde bireyin durumu üç açıdan incelenmiştir. Bunlar ‘özerklik’, ‘mahremiyet’ ve ‘kendini geliştirme’dir. İlk iki bölümün amacı bireyden kastın hangi birey olduğunu sorgulamak iken, son bölümün amacı ise günümüzde bireyin nasıl bir varlık olduğunu ortaya koymaktır.At present, concepts such as individual, individuality, individualism are extremely popular. This study deals with these concepts historically and begins with the emergence of the individual (with Renaissance) and continues through the eras of liberalism, Enlightenment and revolutions brings up to date in the framework of both the intellectual and social events. In this context, the study can be seen with the process of citizenship development, then focal point is shifted from the citizen to the individual. This dissertation does not present a sense of history rising or descending on a straight line while examining the process. It approaches dialectically, with its ups and downs. In accordance with this purpose, it analyzes two parallel arguments together. The first argument, the development of individuality, is close to the liberal discourse; the second argument is, the wideness of set of individuality/rights, questions that the first argument applies to which social classes, and what extent. The study starts with Renaissance ups to the day called ‘neo-liberal world’. Then, in the last part of the study, the situation of the individual at present is examined from three perspectives. These are ‘autonomy’, ‘privacy’ and ‘self-development’. The aim of first and second parts are to examine that this individual belongs to which social class. The last part of the study examines that individual is how an entity today

Bireyler ve birey olamayan bireyler: liberalizm ve 19. yüzyılın çelişkileri

Bu çalışmada 19. yüzyıl Sanayi Devrimi döneminde yaşanan toplumsal bunalım, liberalizmin ve kapitalizmin kendi içsel dinamikleriyle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, meseleyi bireyin ortaya çıkış sürecinden itibaren ele almakta, liberalizm, Aydınlanma ve devrimler çağını izleyerek konuyu 19. yüzyıla kadar getirmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, konuyu iki başlık altında incelemektedir. İlk olarak bireyin ya da bireyselliğin gelişimi konusu liberal söyleme yakın tonlar içerirken, ikinci olarak da bireysellik/haklar kümesinin genişliği bu söylemin ne derece, hangi toplumsal kesimler için geçerli olabildiğini sorgulamaktadır. Öte yandan bu çalışma, bugün ortaya çıkan eşitsizliklerin ve günümüzün tüketerek var olabilen bireyinin sadece ve basitçe 1980’ler sonrası dönüşümle açıklanmasının aksine, meseleyi daha erken zamanlardan itibaren temellendirmeyi denemektedir. Başka bir ifadeyle tek başına neo-liberalizmin günah keçisi ilan edilmesi yerine sorunu liberalizmin birey anlayışında aramayı önermektedir

Effectiveness of Different Treatment Modalities in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different antiresorptive agents and hormone therapy (HT) on T score and to compare their effectiveness with each other. STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of 1073 postmenopausal women were reviewed. Patients were classified into four groups; hormone therapy, antiresorptive therapy (AT), combined HT and AT and control. Groups were evaluated with their response to treatment modality by measuring the changes on T score. Also, patients of HT and AT groups were compared with each other according to the effectiveness of the treatment on T score changes. RESULTS: Treatment related increase in T score was significantly different in HT-AT and AT groups compared with the HT group (P=0.001, P=0.001). Within the HT group (estrogen: 170, estrogen-progestin: 234, tibolone: 136) the alteration on T score was statistically significant compared to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.001, P = 0.001). Within the AT group (etidronate: 165, alendronate: 94, risedronate : 11, calcitonin: 10) all agents were significantly different compared to the control group according to the alterations on T score (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P = 0.001). When the change in T score was compared, the alendronate group was significantly different than the etidronate group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Hormone therapy combined with AT and AT alone was found to be superior to HT in terms of increments in T score values in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis

Development of acoustic and thermal insulation materials from pantyhose waste

This study is funded by Istanbul Technical University, Scientific Research Projects with a grant number of 43672.Population growth, urbanization, industrialization, developing technology, increasing welfare level and changing consumption habits cause solid wastes to increase day by day. There are also sub-waste groups that have not yet been fully recognized among the solid waste groups in which textile wastes have a large share. One of them is pantyhose, which has been indispensable for modern life since the day it was presented to the consumer. These socks, which are made of polyamide and elastane fibers that are easily punctured, run and become unusable when worn once or several times, are generally thrown away after use. These pantyhose wastes, which are not biodegradable due to their raw materials, also pose an environmental risk. Within the scope of the study, thermal and sound insulation properties of carded and needle-punched pantyhose wastes are investigated. The results show that the thermal and acoustic properties of the developed material are at a sufficient level, and it has ensured that polyamide wastes, which have superior properties among thermoplastic polymers and have high economic value, are brought back into the economy.İstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiPublisher's VersionQ