Sédentarisation Des Mbororo, Saturation Foncière Dans Le Nord-Ouest Et Difficile Migration vers Bangangté dans l‘Ouest-Cameroun

La sédentarisation, le Cameroun, que ce soit avant ou après l’indépendance, s’est donné comme objectif de sédentariser ces éleveurs nomades pour mieux les contrôler. Cet article montre qu’après leur ancrage réussir à Bamenda dans la région du Nord-Ouest Cameroun, la nouvelle génération des éleveurs Mbororo peine à se stabiliser dans le département du Ndé (Banganté-Ouest-Cameroun) face au contrôle foncier coutumier des autorités traditionnelles (autochtones). Ici, les notables fonciers contrôlent l’espace et ne souhaitent qu’accorder qu’une hospitalité d’installation nsurveillée et limitée aux éleveurs par rapport à la région du Nord-Ouest Cameroun, où, les Mbororo avaient bénéficié d’hospitalité et d’un accord verbal d’installation et même sont devenus aujourd‘hui des propriétés foncières dans cette partie du pays. A Banganté, l’implication politique de l’Etat est presque faible dans l’encadrement et la délimitation d’espaces réservés à l’élevage. Des couloirs de circulation des animaux et d’autres espaces attribués à l’agriculture entrent faiblement dans les politiques agricoles. Il manque jusqu'ici une véritable politique d’aménagement de l'espace et de prévision pour se doter d'une politique d'accompagnement des déplacements des éleveurs vers les savanes vierges. Settlement policies in Cameroon, whether before or after independence, has established goals for the settlement of nomadic herders to better control them. This paper shows that after their successful settlement in Bamenda in the North-West region of Cameroon, the new generation of Mbororo farmers struggled to move and stabilize in the Ndé division (Banganté-West-Cameroon). They were, however, faced with customary land control by traditional authorities. Here, the land owners controlled the land and only donated it to locals. This limited the nomads from acquiring such land in thisregion as compared to traditional authorities in the North-West that allowed Mbororo herdsmen to benefit from the hospitality, verbal settlement agreement, and even owning property in this part of the country. In Banganté, the political involvement of the state in the supervision and delimitation of land reserved for breeding is dysfunctional. Animal circulation corridors and other areas allocated for agriculture are poorly involved in agricultural policies. Until now, there has been a lack of planning and forecasting policy put in place to develop and support the movement of pastoralists into virgin savannahs. &nbsp

Assessing Food System Sustainability in Rural Cameroon: An Analysis Focused on Food Supply, Food Security and Food Waste

The study is aimed at evaluating the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the food system prevailing in rural Cameroon, with particular attention to the West region. Food system sustainability is assessed in its economic, social, and environmental domains through household food supply, household food security, and household level food waste respectively. The food consumption score and food consumption nutrition quality analyses were used to measure food security. Frequency tables, cross tables and chi2 tests were applied to data collected from 600 rural households in the West region of Cameroon and it appears that the food system is economically sustainable for most rural households given that only 6.34% of households consider household food supply to be low. However, the food system is not sustainable in the social domain given that 21.17% of households are vulnerable to food insecurity and 17.83% are food insecure. The food consumption score nutrition quality analysis highlights an inadequate consumption of hem-iron, protein and vitamin A rich foods for a considerable number of households. Analysis of household food waste behaviour shows that the food system is relatively sustainable in the environmental domain given that only 1.33% of households always discard food. There are some trade-offs between the economic and environmental dimensions and between the social and environmental dimensions. Hence, measures taken to improve food system sustainability should consider the existence of such trade-offs. Keywords: Food supply, Food security, Food waste, Food system, Sustainability DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-16-04 Publication date:August 31st 2021

Implication of Rural Population in Planning Local Community Development: A Need for Policy Reform

It has been observed that the participation of rural population is not really massive in some localities during the process of planning local community development. Thus, this study seeks to identify factors which can influence the participation of an individual in the materialization of the planning process at the level of the village. Data was collected from 108 respondents with the help of a structured pre-tested questionnaire in Bonalea and Dibamba councils. The binary logistic regression was used to find the factors which can influence their participation in the planning process. The results show that the implication of an individual is influenced by his or her affiliation (membership) to a farmer’s organization and the knowledge that a person has about the activities of the program. This suggests the need for the government to increase the sensitization about the activities of the program and the benefit of being a member of a farmer’s organization. The origin of the family influenced their participation. A non-native of a locality does not find it important to take part in any development process in their host locality which therefore suggests the need for the government to realize a special plan for strangers in locality

Measuring the Technical and Scale Efficiency of Smallholder Maize (Zea mays) Farmers in Cameroon: The Case of the Centre Region

International audienceUrbanisation has led to the development of new markets, including that for cereals for human consumption, where maize cultivation has taken on an important role among smallholder producers in some countries, such as Cameroon. However, the cultivation of maize in the centre region of Cameroon raises several questions, including the efficiency of these farmers. This article presents the level and determinants of technical performance of smallholder maize farmers. The research method was based on field surveys. The study was carried out between September 2019 and December 2020 in the Centre Region of Cameroon. The research methods used included field work, field surveys through semi-structured interviews on 1060 (545 women and 515 men) maize farm managers who were selected in a reasoned method based on the file of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Cameroon. Data from the study was analysed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and the Tobit model allowed us to identify the determinants of the performance of these maize farms. The results show that the efficiency scores of the production and income outputs are 0.7773 and 0.6707, respectively, and provide evidence for the inefficiency of smallholder maize farmers in the Centre Region. Gender, cropping system, maize variety and number of treatments have a significant and positive influence on the productive efficiency of the farms while the only determinant that influences the income efficiency of the farmers is the maize variety used. Ultimately, smallholder maize farmers are not performing well in terms of both production and income. Value chain actors need to act on three main pillars around family farms: socio-economic characteristics (the place of women and education policy), the production system (access to quality seeds, and production techniques) and institutional factors (access to extension, financing and membership to a producer organization)

Cocoa marketing chain in developing countries: how do formal-informal linkages ensure its sustainability in Cameroon?

International audienceAlthough liberalization of the cocoa sector has increased internal competition within the marketing chain it has also led to the emergence of informal market actors within the chain. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how the cocoa marketing chain operates by measuring and comparing the marketing margins of the formal and informal actors. Qualitative data were used to establish the structure of the marketing chain and quantitative data to estimate the marketing margins. A total sampling size of 76 cocoa market actors was obtained by using a multi-stage sampling technique: 15 for qualitative data and 61 for quantitative data. Descriptive analysis was used to map the marketing chain and economic analysis to compute the costs and margins for both informal and formal market intermediaries from the Centre and South-West regions in Cameroon. The results indicated three market intermediaries (one informal and two formal) and four marketing channels by which cocoa moves from the farmers to the exporters. The calculation of marketing costs indicated that informal actors incurred the highest costs in both regions. The results regarding the marketing margins were twofold: informal actors obtain low net marketing margins when they do not use illicit strategies, but high net marketing margins when illicit strategies are used. Given the significant role of informal actors, we suggest that their actions should be integrated in a suitable manner into those of formal actors to contribute to a better performance of the marketing chain and to the sustainability of the cocoa sector