Landlord and tenant in urban Britain: the politics of housing reform, 1838-1924

This thesis is divided into three sections. The first surveys the relationship of landlord and tenant in its legal, economic and political aspects. It shows how inadequate powers of eviction combined with rising rates provided a continuing impulse towards organisation on the part of nineteenth century property owners. It also seeks to account for the failure of organised landlords either to broaden the bases of local taxation so as to embrace non-residential forms of property, or to gain a more summary means of redress against contumacious tenants. The second part shows that attempts at organisation, on the part of working class tenants were more frequent than has hitherto been suspected. It examines the causes of unrest amongst tenants and shows how the unresolved tensions between landlord and tenant in Edwardian Britain influenced the genesis of rent control. The final section is concerned to examine the-wartime rents agitation in relation to the adoption of socialised housing in Britain. It shows how the continued-unrest amongst working class tenants, following the passage of the Rent Act, 1915, frustrated the re-establishment of housing upon an economic footing and thereby brought about a widening of the limited degree of state intervention in housing than had originally been contemplated by the proponents of Reconstruction

Policing the Ghetto: Jewish East London, 1880-1920

In the generation before the First World War Whitechapel, in East London, became home to one of the largest immigrant communities in England. There were few points of contact between this community and those charged with policing it. The immigrants came from a world suspicious of men in uniform. The police, for their part, perceived the Jewish community as peaceable, sober and relatively free from criminality; but the police also shared the indigenous community’s suspicion of aliens. Concern about political extremism brought closer police involvement and the First World War brought increased supervision. However the presence of respectable middle-class Anglo-Jewry with a strong sense of community solidarity as well as a strong sense of English values appears to have contributed to a significant contrast between Jewish-police relations and Irish-police relations across the period.Au cours de la génération précédant la Première Guerre mondiale, le quartier de Whitechapel, dans l’est de Londres, vit s’établir l’une des plus importantes communautés immigrées d’Angleterre. Les relations entre cette communauté et ceux qui étaient chargés d’y faire la police étaient réduites. Les immigrants provenaient d’un monde méfiant envers l’uniforme. Pour sa part, la police percevait la communauté juive comme pacifique, sobre et relativement dépourvue de délinquance, tout en partageant la méfiance des autochtones envers les étrangers. La préoccupation vis-à-vis de l’extrémisme politique poussa la police à s’intéresser davantage à eux et la guerre suscita une surveillance accrue. Néanmoins, l’existence d’une classe moyenne anglo-juive respectable, pourvue à la fois d’un sentiment communautaire affirmé et d’un fort attachement aux valeurs anglaises, semble avoir fortement différencié les relations entre les Juifs et la police de celles que cette dernière entretenait avec les Irlandais, durant la même période

Global Optimization of Low-Thrust Interplanetary Trajectories Subject to Operational Constraints

Low-thrust interplanetary space missions are highly complex and there can be many locally optimal solutions. While several techniques exist to search for globally optimal solutions to low-thrust trajectory design problems, they are typically limited to unconstrained trajectories. The operational design community in turn has largely avoided using such techniques and has primarily focused on accurate constrained local optimization combined with grid searches and intuitive design processes at the expense of efficient exploration of the global design space. This work is an attempt to bridge the gap between the global optimization and operational design communities by presenting a mathematical framework for global optimization of low-thrust trajectories subject to complex constraints including the targeting of planetary landing sites, a solar range constraint to simplify the thermal design of the spacecraft, and a real-world multi-thruster electric propulsion system that must switch thrusters on and off as available power changes over the course of a mission

LUTA DE CLASSES, ÉTICAS DO TRABALHO E CONSTRUÇÃO DO BEM COMUM: RESSITUANDO A CENTRALIDADE DA CATEGORIA TRABALHO NA TEORIA SOCIOLÓGICA

In this text I analyze, in a comparative approach, the potentialities and limitsof Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's theory of hegemony and the conception ofcommon good from the perspective of Hartmut Rosa's theory of resonance, as theoretical and analytical instruments for the construction of an anti-essentialist theory of class struggle, based on the concepts of liberal and individualist work ethics and socialist ethics of collectively organized work. The starting point of this comparison is to realize the absence of sociological analysis in the thought of Laclau and Mouffe and, on the other hand, the absence of a debate on hegemony in Rosa's political thought. Finally, an issue shared by these three authors is the lack of an anti-essentialist concept of social class, although all three agree that the social management of the means of production is one of the necessary goals to be achieved to overcome the contemporary civilizational crisis.Neste texto analiso, de modo comparativo, as potencialidades e os limites da teoria da hegemonia de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe e da concepção de bem comum na perspectiva da teoria da ressonância, de Hartmut Rosa, como instrumentos teóricos e analíticos para a construção de uma teoria antiessencialista da luta de classes, a partir dos conceitos de ética liberal e individualista do trabalho e de ética socialista do trabalho coletivamente organizado. O ponto de partida desta comparação é perceber a ausência deanálise sociológica no pensamento de Laclau e Mouffe e, por outro lado, a ausência de um debate sobre hegemonia no pensamento político de Rosa. Por fim, em comum nesses três autores, a falta de um conceito antiessencialista de classe social, embora todos estejam de acordo que a gestão social dos meios de produção é uma das metas necessárias de ser alcançada para a superação da crise civilizacional contemporâne

Global Optimization of Interplanetary Trajectories in the Presence of Realistic Mission Constraints

Single trial evaluations Trial creation by Phase-wise GA-style or DE-inspired recombination Bin repository structure requires an initialization period Non-exclusionary Kill Distance Population collapse mechanic Main loop Creation Probabilistic switch between GA and DE creation types Locally optimize Submit to repository Repeat

The spatial effect of protein deuteration on nitroxide spin-label relaxation:implications for EPR distance measurement

This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship (095062) to T.O.-H. The Authors would also like to acknowledge funding from The MRC – United Kingdom, Grant G1100021.Pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) coupled with site-directed spin labeling is a powerful technique for the elucidation of protein or nucleic acid, macromolecular structure and interactions. The intrinsic high sensitivity of electron paramagnetic resonance enables measurement on small quantities of bio-macromolecules, however short relaxation times impose a limit on the sensitivity and size of distances that can be measured using this technique. The persistence of the electron spin-echo, in the PELDOR experiment, is one of the most crucial limitations to distance measurement. At a temperature of around 50 K one of the predominant factors affecting persistence of an echo, and as such, the sensitivity and measurable distance between spin labels, is the electron spin echo dephasing time (Tm). It has become normal practice to use deuterated solvents to extend Tm and recently it has been demonstrated that deuteration of the underlying protein significantly extends Tm. Here we examine the spatial effect of segmental deuteration of the underlying protein, and also explore the concentration and temperature dependence of highly deuterated systems.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Global Optimization of Low-Thrust Interplanetary Trajectories Subject to Operational Constraints

Low-thrust electric propulsion provides many advantages for mission to difficult targets-Comets and asteroids-Mercury-Outer planets (with sufficient power supply)Low-thrust electric propulsion is characterized by high power requirements but also very high specific impulse (Isp), leading to very good mass fractions. Low-thrust trajectory design is a very different process from chemical trajectory

Past and Future Land Use Impacts of Canadian Oil Sands and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The Canadian oil sands underlie 142,000 km2 of the boreal forest in northeastern Alberta. Oil sands production greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increased from 15 million tonnes (Mt) to 55 Mt between 1990 and 2011. Their production represents the fastest-growing source of GHG emissions in Canada. A large body of studies show that oil sands industries have large environmental impacts, including effects on climate, land, water, and air quality but GHG emissions from oil sands land use disturbance and future land use impacts have yet to be examined in detail and the associated literature is scarce and incomplete. Our paper examines the historical and potential land use change and GHG emissions associated with oil sands development in Canada. Disturbance occurred between 1985 and 2009 from oil sands development were identified using remote sensing technique and mapped onto spatially explicit soil, biomass and peatlands carbon maps. We found that land use and GHG disturbance of oil sands production, especially in-situ technology that will be the dominant technology of choice for future oil sands development, are greater than previously reported. We estimate additional 500 km2 and 2,400 km2 of boreal forest including carbon-rich peatlands would be disturbed from surface mining and in-situ production, respectively, between 2012 and 2030; releasing additional 107–182 million tonnes of GHG from land use alone. Future efforts to monitor land use impacts of in-situ production are needed to reduce landscape impacts and associated GHG emissions. In addition, land reclamation after oil sands projects needs to be enforced for broad ecological benefits together with GHG benefits