1,665 research outputs found
The vortex state in the BEC to BCS crossover: a path-integral description
We derive a path-integral description of the vortex state of a fermionic
superfluid in the crossover region between the molecular condensate (BEC)
regime and the Cooper pairing (BCS) regime. This path-integral formalism,
supplemented by a suitable choice for the saddle point value of the pairing
field in the presence of a vortex, offers a unified description that
encompasses both the BEC and BCS limits. The vortex core size is studied as a
function of the tunable interaction strength between the fermionic atoms. We
find that in the BEC regime, the core size is determined by the molecular
healing length, whereas in the BCS regime, the core size is proportional only
to the Fermi wave length. The observation of such quantized vortices in dilute
Fermi gases would provide an unambiguous proof of the realization of
superfluidity in these gases.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
BCS-to-BEC crossover from the exact BCS solution
The BCS-to-BEC crossover, as well as the nature of Cooper pairs, in a
superconducting and Fermi superfluid medium is studied from the exact ground
state wavefunction of the reduced BCS Hamiltonian. As the strength of the
interaction increases, the ground state continuously evolves from a
mixed-system of quasifree fermions and pair resonances (BCS), to pair
resonances and quasibound molecules (pseudogap), and finally to a system of
quasibound molecules (BEC). A single unified scenario arises where the
Cooper-pair wavefunction has a unique functional form. Several exact analytic
expressions, such as the binding energy and condensate fraction, are derived.
We compare our results with recent experiments in ultracold atomic Fermi gases.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Revised version with one figure adde
Short-coherence length superconductivity in the Attractive Hubbard Model in three dimensions
We study the normal state and the superconducting transition in the
Attractive Hubbard Model in three dimensions, using self-consistent
diagrammatics. Our results for the self-consistent -matrix approximation are
consistent with 3D-XY power-law critical scaling and finite-size scaling. This
is in contrast to the exponential 2D-XY scaling the method was able to capture
in our previous 2D calculation. We find the 3D transition temperature at
quarter-filling and to be . The 3D critical regime is much
narrower than in 2D and the ratio of the mean-field transition to is
about 5 times smaller than in 2D. We also find that, for the parameters we
consider, the pseudogap regime in 3D (as in 2D) coincides with the critical
scaling regime.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
The management of scarce water resources using GNSS, InSAR and in-situ micro gravity measurements as monitoring tools
South Africa is a water scarce country hence the careful monitoring and management of available water resources is critical for the wellbeing of the citizens of the country. A high percentage of the Earth’s water supply is stored underground which can be extracted either through pumping or using artesian pressure. This paper describes the application of GNSS, InSAR and In-Situ Micro Gravity measurements for the monitoring of an artesian wellfield in the Oudtshoorn District in the Western Cape province of South Africa. GNSS receivers were run continuously for a period of 133 days between March and August 2014 to detect possible surface subsidence during pumping and artesian free flow extraction of water in the wellfield. Two InSAR scenes were processed, one during the peak period of water extraction from the wellfield and the other approximately 4 months after all boreholes were closed and pumps switched off. A micro-gravity campaign was conducted over two days in the wellfield with the gravity meter co-located at one borehole which was opened on the second day of the campaign. The results from the GNSS monitoring showed a subsidence of approximately 15 to 20 mm at the peak of the free flow and pump while those from the InSAR and microgravity measurements were largely inconclusive
Dynamical Phase Transitions In Driven Integrate-And-Fire Neurons
We explore the dynamics of an integrate-and-fire neuron with an oscillatory
stimulus. The frustration due to the competition between the neuron's natural
firing period and that of the oscillatory rhythm, leads to a rich structure of
asymptotic phase locking patterns and ordering dynamics. The phase transitions
between these states can be classified as either tangent or discontinuous
bifurcations, each with its own characteristic scaling laws. The discontinuous
bifurcations exhibit a new kind of phase transition that may be viewed as
intermediate between continuous and first order, while tangent bifurcations
behave like continuous transitions with a diverging coherence scale.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Numerical Evidence of Luttinger and Fermi Liquid Behaviour in the 2D Hubbard Model
The two dimensional Hubbard model with a single spin-up electron interacting
with a finite density of spin-down electrons is studied using the quantum
Monte Carlotechnique, a new conjugate gradient method for the evaluation of
the Edwards wavefunction ansatz, and the standard second order perturbation
theory. We performed simulations up to 242 sites at reaching the zero
temperature properties with no ``fermion sign problem'' and found a
surprisingly good accuracy of the Edwards wavefunction ansatz at low density or
low doping. The conjugate gradient method was then applied to system up to 1922
sites and infinite for the Edwards state. Fermi liquid theory seems to
remain stable in 2D for all cases studied with the exception of the half
filling case where a ``Luttinger like behavior'' survives in the Hubbard model
, yielding a vanishing quasiparticle weight in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 10 pages + 4 pictures, RevTex, SISSA 121/93/CM/M
Density-induced BCS to Bose-Einstein crossover
We investigate the zero-temperature BCS to Bose-Einstein crossover at the
mean-field level, by driving it with the attractive potential and the particle
density.We emphasize specifically the role played by the particle density in
this crossover.Three different interparticle potentials are considered for the
continuum model in three spatial dimensions, while both s- and d-wave solutions
are analyzed for the attractive (extended) Hubbard model on a two-dimensional
square lattice. For this model the peculiar behavior of the crossover for the
d-wave solution is discussed.In particular, in the strong-coupling limit when
approaching half filling we evidence the occurrence of strong correlations
among antiparallel-spin fermions belonging to different composite bosons, which
give rise to a quasi-long-range antiferromagnetic order in this limit.Comment: 10 pages, 5 enclosed figure
An Efficient Algorithm for Optimizing Adaptive Quantum Metrology Processes
Quantum-enhanced metrology infers an unknown quantity with accuracy beyond
the standard quantum limit (SQL). Feedback-based metrological techniques are
promising for beating the SQL but devising the feedback procedures is difficult
and inefficient. Here we introduce an efficient self-learning
swarm-intelligence algorithm for devising feedback-based quantum metrological
procedures. Our algorithm can be trained with simulated or real-world trials
and accommodates experimental imperfections, losses, and decoherence
Ferromagnetism in the two dimensional t-t' Hubbard model at the Van Hove density
Using an improved version of the projection quantum Monte Carlo technique, we
study the square-lattice Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor hopping t and
next-nearest-neighbor hopping t', by simulation of lattices with up to 20 X 20
sites. For a given R=2t'/t, we consider that filling which leads to a singular
density of states of the noninteracting problem. For repulsive interactions, we
find an itinerant ferromagnet (antiferromagnet) for R=0.94 (R=0.2). This is
consistent with the prediction of the T-matrix approximation, which sums the
most singular set of diagrams.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX 3.0 + a single postscript file with all figure
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