E-læring og studenter : Studenters beskrivelser av og refleksjoner over et e-læringskurs i akademisk skriving

Temaet for denne masteroppgaven er e-læring og studenter. Studentene fikk tilgang til et akademisk skrivekurs gjennom læringsplattformen Fronter. Kurset var basert på 7 temaer innen akademisk skriving: problemstilling, hvordan skrive en tekst, kilder og kildekritikk, studieteknikk, referanseteknikk, plagiering og etikk

An assessment of library instruction: its influence on search behaviour of first- and third-year students

This article presents the results of a follow-up study conducted at Østfold University College in 2015 which set out to examine information resource use among students of nursing and teacher education. The first study was presented in an article published in the Journal of Information Literacy Vol. 9 No. 1 (Boger et al. 2015). The two qualitative studies were carried out by interviewing the students about their skills in information retrieval, and observing them. The results show differences in search behaviour between first-year and third-year students, a decrease in the use of Google, and a difference between the students from the nursing faculty and the teacher education faculty

The impact of library information literacy classes on first-year undergraduate students’ search behaviour

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the library courses in information literacy (IL) taught at Østfold University College had an impact on the students’ search behaviour. To find out, 19 students were interviewed and observed about this topic. The results showed that there were only slight differences in search behaviour between those who had attended the IL sessions and those who had not. Many students used Google as their starting point for searching for information. In this paper, we discuss how these findings can be implemented when developing future library courses on information searching

Hvilke erfaringer og holdninger har studenter i høyere utdanning til fusk og plagiering?

Denne rapporten er en kvalitativ studie av 33 informanters erfaringer med Kvalitetsreformens nye evalueringsformer i høyere utdanning (St meld 27 (2000-2001). Vårt hovedfokus med undersøkelsen har vært å finne frem til kunnskap som kan gi oss en forståelse av hvordan studenter forstår og vurderer fusk og plagiering i dagens høyere utdannelse og følgende problemstilling har vært utgangspunktet for vår analyse: Hvilke erfaringer har studenter med fusk og plagiering? Vårt mål med denne studien har ikke utelukkende vært rettet mot tradisjonelle former for fusk i forbindelse med eksamenssituasjoner. Vår interesse har snarere vært å belyse studentenes erfaringer av fusk og plagiering gjennom hele studiesituasjonen. Funn fra studien viser at studentene i liten grad kjenner til begrepene fusk og plagiering i deres nåværende studiesituasjon. Dette betyr at det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til begrepene og at man derfor kan anta flere studenter fusker og plagierer uten å nødvendigvis være klar over det. Vi ser en tydelig tendens til at studentene forholder seg til begrepet samarbeid på minst to ulike måter. Det er tydelig at flere studenter verdsetter læringsutbyttet som følger med samarbeid mer enn å ta hensyn til om det er en individuell oppgave, eller ikke. Vi ser også at studentene i frykt for å bli plagiert velger å ikke dele sine tanker om oppgaven de arbeider med og derfor unnlater å samarbeide. Videre ser det ut til at studentene ønsker en mer tydelig markering fra lærerne på hva som er tillat samarbeid, eller ikke. Flertallet av de samme studentene oppgir å ikke ha fått informasjon om eventuelle konsekvenser av å bli tatt i fusk eller plagiering. Studien viser også at omfanget av informasjon gitt om akademisk skriving, oppgaveskriving og referanseteknikk ved norske institusjoner for høyere utdanning ser ut til å være svært mangelfull. Vi etterlyser derfor et større fokus på denne problematikken, ikke nødvendigvis fordi vi tror at dagens studenter fusker og plagierer mer enn noen gang. Vi antar i stedet at vi trenger et økt fokus på denne problematikken fordi dette er holdninger som bør etableres som en del av dannelsesidealet for dagens studenter

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

E-læring og studenter : Studenters beskrivelser av og refleksjoner over et e-læringskurs i akademisk skriving

Temaet for denne masteroppgaven er e-læring og studenter. Studentene fikk tilgang til et akademisk skrivekurs gjennom læringsplattformen Fronter. Kurset var basert på 7 temaer innen akademisk skriving: problemstilling, hvordan skrive en tekst, kilder og kildekritikk, studieteknikk, referanseteknikk, plagiering og etikk

E-læring og studenter : Studenters beskrivelser av og refleksjoner over et e-læringskurs i akademisk skriving

Temaet for denne masteroppgaven er e-læring og studenter. Studentene fikk tilgang til et akademisk skrivekurs gjennom læringsplattformen Fronter. Kurset var basert på 7 temaer innen akademisk skriving: problemstilling, hvordan skrive en tekst, kilder og kildekritikk, studieteknikk, referanseteknikk, plagiering og etikk

Student perspective on plagiarism

Autumn 2008, four employees at &Oslash;stfold University College (Hi&Oslash;), one with a Master's Degree in Sosiology, one with a Master's Degree in Nursing and two librarians, interviewed 33 Norwegian College students about the subjects cheating and plagiarism. This is the first such survey conducted in Norway. There are plenty of comparable reseach from countries such as the US, Great Britain, Canada and even Sweden, but the Norwegian focus on these issues has been missing until a few years ago. We started working with this subject about two years ago, about the same time as some incidents of cheating at a private College and a University Faculty got national interest, and Hi&Oslash; started to review some of the effects of the reform Kvalitetsreformen. Our survey is part of this project named "Kvalitetsreformens vurderingsformer i h&oslash;gskolen" (http://www.hiof.no/index.php?ID=14004=nor). Some of the topics treated in our survey are collaboration and collusion, consequenses of cheating, information given to students about plagiarism and the role of the libraries. We find that students, staff and teachers care about these subjects, but perhaps in slightly different ways and with different perspectives. Our aim is to let the students speak, and try to listen and understand, and hopefully find some ideas or starting points to start work with. Many colleges and universities are starting working with plans to deal with these issues, and we believe it is important to include the student perspective in this work. We are planning to release our research in a report in the Hi&Oslash;'s Report Series spring 2010

The impact of library information literacy classes on first year students’ searching behaviour

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the library courses in information literacy (IL) taught at Østfold University College had an impact on the students’ search behaviour. To find out, 19 students were interviewed and observed about this topic. The results showed that there were only slight differences in search behaviour between those who had attended the IL sessions and those who had not. Many students used Google as their starting point for searching for information. In this paper, we discuss how these findings can be implemented when developing future library courses on information searching